Perceptual and conceptual training mediate the verbal overshadowing effect in an unfamiliar domain

Memory and Cognition

Volumn 32, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 618-631

  Melcher, Joseph M ^a   Schooler, Jonathan W ^b  

^a ST CLOUD STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CONCEPT FORMATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LEARNING; NORMAL HUMAN; PERCEPTION; RECOGNITION; TRAINING; VERBAL MEMORY; VERBALIZATION;

EID: 4644285931     PISSN: 0090502X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3758/BF03195853     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. AHISSAR, M. (1999). Perceptual learning. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 124-128.
2. AHISSAR, M., & HOCHSTEIN, S. (1997). Task difficulty and the specificity of perceptual learning. Nature, 387, 401-406.
3. BRANDIMONTE, M. A., HITCH, G. J., & BISHOP, D. V. M. (1992). Verbal recoding of visual stimuli impairs mental image transformations. Memory & Cognition, 20, 449-455.
4. BRANDIMONTE, M. A., SCHOOLER, J. W., & GARRINO, P. (1997). Attenuating verbal overshadowing through visual retrieval cues. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 23, 915-931.
5. BROWN, C., & LLOYD-JONES, T. J. (2002). Verbal overshadowing in a multiple face presentation paradigm: Effects of description instruction. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16, 873-885.
6. BROWN, C., & LLOYD-JONES, T. J. (2003). Verbal overshadowing of multiple face and car recognition: Effects of within- versus across-category verbal descriptions. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17, 183-201.
7. DESHON, R. P., CHAN, D., & WEISSBEIN, D. A. (1995). Verbal overshadowing effects on Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices: Evidence for multidimensional performance determinants. Intelligence, 21, 135-155.
8. DIAMOND, R., & CAREY, S. (1986). Why faces are and are not special: An effect of expertise. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115, 107-117.
9. DODSON, C. S., JOHNSON, M. K., & SCHOOLER, J. W. (1997). The verbal overshadowing effect: Why descriptions impair face recognition. Memory & Cognition, 25, 129-139.
10. FALLSHORF, M., & SCHOOLER, J. W. (1995). Verbal vulnerability of perceptual expertise. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 21, 1608-1623.
11. FINGER, K. (2002). Mazes and music: Using perceptual processing to release verbal overshadowing. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16, 887-896.
12. FIORE, S. M., & SCHOOLER, J. W. (2002). How did you get here from there? Verbal overshadowing of spatial mental models. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16, 897-909.
13. GOLDSTONE, R. L. (1998). Perceptual learning. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 585-612.
14. HAIDER, P. A., & FRENSCH, H. (1996). The role of information reduction in skill acquisition. Cognitive Psychology, 30, 304-337.
15. HALL, G. (1991). Perceptual and associative learning. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press.
16. HAYES, N. A., & BROADBENT, D. (1988). Two modes of learning for interactive tasks. Cognition, 28, 249-276.
17. HOLYOAK, K. J., & SPELLMAN, B. A. (1993). Thinking. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 265-315.
18. HOUSER, T., FIORE, S. M., & SCHOOLER, J. W. (2003). Verbal overshadowing of music memory: What happens when you describe that tune? Unpublished manuscript.
19. JOHNSON, M. K., & HASHER, L. (1987). Human learning and memory. Annual Review of Psychology, 38, 631-668.
20. LEVV, B. J., & ANDERSON, M. C. (2002). Inhibitory processes and the control of memory retrieval. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 299-305.
21. MACKINTOSH, N. J. (1995). Categorization by people and pigeons: The twenty-second Bartlett Memorial Lecture. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48B, 193-214.
22. MACRAE, N. C., & LEWIS, H. L. (2002). Do I know you? Processing orientation and face recognition. Psychological Science, 13, 194-196.
23. MCLAREN, I. P. L., LEEVERS, H. J., & MACKINTOSH, N. J. (1994). Recognition, categorization, and perceptual learning (or, how learning to classify things together helps one to tell them apart). In C. Umiltà & M. Moscovitch (Eds.), Attention and performance XV: Conscious and nonconscious information processing (pp. 889-909). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, Bradford Books.
24. MEISSNER, C. A. (2002). Applied aspects of the instructional bias effect in verbal overshadowing. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16, 911-928.
25. MEISSNER, C. A., & BRIGHAM, J. C. (2001). A meta-analysis of the verbal overshadowing effect in face identification. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15, 603-616.
26. MEISSNER, C. A., BRIGHAM, J. C., & KELLEY, C. M. (2001). The influence of retrieval processes in verbal overshadowing. Memory & Cognition, 29, 176-186.
27. MELCHER, J. M. (2003). Mushroom reference texts and sample images. Available at web.stcloudstate.edu/jmmelcher/mushrefs.htm.
28. MELCHER, J. M., & SCHOOLER, J. W. (1996). The misremembrance of wines past: Verbal and perceptual expertise differentially mediate verbal overshadowing of taste memory. Journal of Memory & Language, 35, 231-245.
29. MORRIS, C. D., BRANSFORD, J. D., & FRANKS, J. J. (1977). Levels of processing versus transfer appropriate processing. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 16, 519-533.
30. PERFECT, T. J., HUNT, L. J., & HARRIS, C. M. (2002). Verbal overshadowing in voice recognition. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16, 973-980.
31. PSYCHOLOGY SOFTWARE TOOLS (1993). MEL Lab: Experiments in perception, cognition, social psychology, & human factors [Computer software]. Pittsburgh, PA: Psychology Software Tools.
32. REBER, A. S. (1993). Implicit learning and tacit knowledge: An essay on the cognitive unconscious. New York: Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press.
33. RHODES, G., BRAKE, S., & ATKINSON, A. P. (1993). What's lost in inverted faces? Cognition, 47, 25-57.
34. RYAN, R., & SCHOOLER, J. W. (1998). Whom do words hurt? Individual differences in susceptibility to verbal overshadowing. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 12, S105-S125.
35. SCHOOLER, J. W. (2002). Verbalization produces a transfer inappropriate processing shift. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16, 989-997.
36. SCHOOLER, J. W., & ENGSTLER-SCHOOLER, T. Y. (1990). Verbal overshadowing of visual memories: Some things are better left unsaid. Cognitive Psychology, 22, 36-71.
37. SCHOOLER, J. W., FIORE, S. M., & BRANDIMONTE, M. A. (1997). At a loss from words: Verbal overshadowing of perceptual memories. In D. L. Medin (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 37, pp. 293-334). San Diego: Academic Press.
38. SCHOOLER, J. W., OHLSSON, S., & BROOKS, K. (1993). Thoughts beyond words: When language overshadows insight. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 122, 166-183.
39. SCHOOLER, J. W., RYAN, R. S., & REDER, L. (1996). The costs and benefits of verbally rehearsing memory for faces. In D. Herrmann, M. Johnson, C. McEvoy, C. Hertzog, & P. Hertel (Eds.), Basic and applied memory: New findings (pp. 51-65). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
40. SIECK, W. R., QUINN, C. N., & SCHOOLER, J. W. (1999). Justification effects on the judgment of analogy. Memory & Cognition, 27, 844-855.
41. TETLOCK, P. E., & KIM, J. I. (1987). Accountability and judgment processes in a personality prediction task. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 52, 700-709.
42. WESTERMAN, D. (1997). The verbal overshadowing effect: Evidence for a general shift in processing. American Journal of Psychology, 110, 417-428.
43. WILSON, T. D., & SCHOOLER, J. W. (1991). Thinking too much: Introspection can reduce the quality of preferences and decisions. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 60, 181-192.