3-D density model of the crust of southern and central Finland obtained from joint interpretation of the SVEKALAPKO crustal P-wave velocity models and gravity data

Geophysical Journal International

Volumn 158, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 827-848

  Koslovskaya, E ^a   Elo, S ^c   Hjelt, S E ^a   Yliniemi, J ^b   Pirttijarvi M ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OULU   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OULU   (Finland)

^c GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FINLAND   (Finland)

Author keywords

3 D gravity modelling; Density velocity relationships; Fennoscandian Shield; Gravity inversion

Indexed keywords

CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; GRAVITY SURVEY; SEISMIC VELOCITY; VELOCITY STRUCTURE;

EURASIA; EUROPE; FINLAND; NORTHERN EUROPE; SCANDINAVIA;

EID: 4644225958     PISSN: 0956540X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02363.x     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Alinaghi, A., Bock, G., Kind, R., Hanka, W, Wylegalla, K., TOR & SVEKALAPKO Working Groups. 2003. Receiver function analysis of the crust and upper mantle from the North German Basin to the Archaean Baltic Shield, Geophys. J. Int., 155, 641-652.
2. BABEL Working Group, 1993. Integrated seismic studies of the Baltic Shield using data in the Gulf of Bothnia region, Geophys. J. Int., 112, 305-324.
3. Banerjee, B. & Das Gupta, S.P., 1977. Gravitational attraction of rectangular parallelepiped, Geophysics, 42(5), 1053-1055.
4. Bascou, J., Barruol, G., Vauehes, A., Mainprice, D. & Egylio-Silva, M., 2001. EBSD-measured lattice-preferred orientation and seismic properties of eclogites, Tectonophysics, 342, 61-80.
5. Berzin, R.G., Yurov, Yu. G. & Pavlenkova, N.J., 2002. CDP and DSS data along the Uchta-Kem profile (the Baltic Shield), Tectonophysics, 355, 187-200.
6. Birch, F., 1961. The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10 kilobars (Part II), J. geophys. Res., 65, 1083-1102.
7. Bock, G. (ed.) & SVEKALAPKO Seismic Tomography Working Group, 2001. Seismic probing of Arehaean and Proterozoic Lithosphere in Fennoscandia, EOS, Trans. Am. geophys. Un., 82(50), 621, 628-629.
8. Christensen, N.I. & Mooney, W.D., 1995. Seismic velocity and composition of the continental crust: a global view, J. geophys. Res., 100, 9761-9788.
9. Deemer, S.J. & Hunch, C.A., 1994. The reflectivity of magmatic underplating using the layered mafic intrusion analog, Tectonophysics, 232, 239-255.
10. Elo, S., 1997. Interpretation of the Gravity Anomaly Map of Finland, Geophysica, 33(1), 51-80.
11. Elo, S. & Korja, A., 1993. Geophysical interpretation of the erustal and upper mantle structure in the Wiborg rapakivi gravity area, southeastern Finland, Precambrian Research, 64, 273-288.
12. Elo, S., Puranen, R. & Airo, M., 1978. Geological and areal variation of rock densities, and their relation to some gravity anomalies in Finland, GeoScrifter, 10, 123-164.
13. Funck, T., Louden, K.E. & Reid, I.D., 2001. Crustal structure of the Grenville Province in Southeastern Labrador from refraction seismic data - evidence for a high-velocity lower crustal wedge, Can. J. Earth Sci., 38, 1463-1478.
14. Ganchin, Y.V., Smithson, S.B., Morozov, I.B., Smythe, D.K., Garipov, V.Z., Karaev, N.A. & Kristofferson, Y., 1998. Seismic studies around the Kola Superdeep Borehole, Russia, Tectonophysics, 288, 1-16.
15. Glaznev, V.N., Raevsky, A.B. & Skopenko, G.B., 1996. A three dimensional integrated density and thermal model of the Fennoscandian Lithosphere, Tectonophysics, 258, 15-33.
16. Goff, J.A. & Holliger, K., 1999. Nature and origin of upper crustal seismic velocity fluctuations ans associated scaling properties: combined stochastic analyses of KTB velocity and lithology logs, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 13 169-13 182.
17. Grad, M. & Luosto, U., 1987. Seismic models of the crust of Baltic Shield along the SVEKA profile in Finland, Ann. Geophys., 513, 639-650.
18. Graham, D.P., Matthews, P.A. & Long, R.E., 1992. Interpretation of wide angle and normal incidence reflection data from BABEL line 1, in The BABEL Project. First Status Report. Commission of the European Communities, pp. 93-96, eds Meissner, R., Snyder, D., Balling, N., Staroste, E., Directorate-General Science, Research and Development, Brussels.
19. Green, D.H. & Ringwood, A.E., 1967. An experimental investigation of the gabbro to eclogite transformation and its petrological applications, Geochim. cosmochim. Acta, 31, 767-833.
20. Guggisberg, B. & Berthelsen, A., 1987. A two-dimensional velocity model for the lithosphere beneath the Baltic Shield and its possible tectonic significance, Terra Cognita, 7, 631-638.
21. Gutscher, M.-A., 1995. Crustal structure and dynamics in the Rhine Graben and the Alpine foreland, Geophys. J. Int., 122, 617-636.
22. Hall, J., Louden, K.E., Funck, T. & Deemer, S., 2002. Geophysical characteristics of the continental crust along the LITHOPROBE Eastern Canadian Shield Onshore-Offshore Transect (ECSOOT): a review, Can. J. Earth Sci., 39, 569-587.
23. Heikkinen, P. & Luosto, U., 2000. Review of some features of the seismic velocity models in Finland. In: LITHOSPHERE 2000. A Symposium on the Structure, Composition and Evolution of the Lithosphere in Finland (eds Pesonen, L., Korja, A. & Hjelt, S.-E.), pp. 35-41, Extended Abstracts 4-5.10.2000, GSF, Espoo.
24. Henkel, H., Lee, M.K. & Lund, C.-E., 1990. An integrated geophysical interpretation of the 2000 km FENNOLORA section of the Baltic Shield, in The European Geotraverse: Integrative studies, pp. 1-48, eds Freeman, R., Giese, P. & Mueller, St., ESF, Strasbourg, France.
25. Hirvonen, R.A., 1949. Die Gauss-Krügerische Projektion für breite Meridianstreifen auf dern Internationalen Ellipsoide. Suomen Geodeettisen laitoksen julkaisuja, 36, Helsinki.
26. Hjelt, S.-E., 1974. The gravity anomaly of a dipping prism, Geoexploration, 12, 29-39.
27. Hjelt, S.-E., Daly, S. & SVEKALAPKO colleagues, 1996. SVEKALAPKO. Evolution of Palaeoproterozoic and Archaean Lithosphere, in EUROPROBE 1996 - Lithospheric Dynamics: Origin and Evolution of Continents, pp. 56-67, eds Gee, D.G. & Zeyen, H.J., EUROPROBE Secretariate, Uppsala University, Uppsala.
28. Hoffmann, Y., Jahr, T. & Jentsch, G., 2003. Three-dimensional gravimetric modelling to detect the deep structure of the region Vogtland/NWBohemia, J. Geodyn., 35, 209-220.
29. Hölttä, P., Huhma, H., Mänttäri, I., Peltonen, P. & Juhanoja, J., 2000. Petrology and geochemistry of mafic granulite xenoliths from the Lahtojoki kimberlite pipe, eastern Finland, Lithos, 51, 109-133.
30. Jones, A.G. & Holliger, K., 1997. Spectral analysis of the KTB sonic and density logs using robust nonparametric methods, J. geophys. Res., 102, 18 391-18 403.
31. Kääriäinen, J. & Mäkinen, J., 1997. The 1979-1996 gravity survey and results of the gravity survey of Finland, Publications of the Finnish Geodetic Institute, 125, 47-56.
32. Kern, H. & Richter, A., 1981. Temperature derivates of compressional and shear wave velocities in crustal and mantle rocks at 6 kbar confining pressure, J. Geophys., 49, 47-57.
33. Kern, H., Walther, Ch., Flüh, E.R. & Marker, M., 1993. Seismic properties of rocks exposed in the POLAR profile region - constraints on the interpretation of the refraction data, Precambrian Research, 64, 169-187.
34. Kern, H., Jin, J., Gao, S., Popp, T. & Xu, Z., 2002. Physical properties of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Sulu terrain, eastern central China: implications for the seismic structure at the Dongai (CCSD) drilling site, Tectonophysics, 354, 315-330.
35. Klaeshen, D. & Flueh, E.R., 1996. Reprocessing of BABEL line 1 normal incidence data, in The BABEL Project, Final Status Report, EUR 16486, pp. 77-85, eds Meissner, R.R. et al., European Commission, Directorate-General, Science, Research and Development, Brussels.
36. Kneib, G., 1995. The statistical nature of the upper continental crystalline crust derived from in situ seismic measurements, Geophys. J. Int., 122, 594-616.
37. Kohonen, J. & Rämö, T., 2002. Sedimentary record and magmatic episodes reflecting Mezoproterozoic-Phanerozoic evolution of the Fermoscandian Shield. In: Lithosphere 2002. Second Symposium on the Structure, Composition and Evolution of the Lithosphere in Finland, eds Lahtinen, R. et al., pp. 23-31, Extended Abstracts 12-13.11.2000, GSF, Espoo.
38. Korhonen, J., Säävuori, H. & Kivekäs, L., 1997. Petrophysics in the crustal model program of Finland, in, Geological Survey of Finland, Vol. 23, Current Research 1995-1996, Special Paper, pp. 157-173, ed. Autio, S., GSF, Espoo.
39. Korhonen, J.V. et al., 2002. Bouguer Anomaly Map of the Fennoscandian Shield 1 : 2 000 000, Geological Surveys of Finland, Norway and Sweden and Ministry of Natural Resources of Russian Federation.
40. Korja, A., Korja, T, Luosto, U. & Heikkinen, P., 1993. Seismic and geoelectric evidence for collisional and extensional events in the Fennoscandian Shield- implications for Precambrian crustal evolution, Tectonophysics, 219, 129-152.
41. Korja, T. & the BEAR Working Group., 2000. The structure of the crust and upper mantle in Fennoscandia as imaged by electromagnetic waves. In: Lithosphere 2000, a Symposium on the Structure, Composition and Evolution of the Lithosphere in Finland, eds Pesonen, L.J., Korja, A. & Hjelt, S.-E., Report S-41, pp. 25-34, Prograrnme and Extended Abstacts October 4-5, 2000, Inst. Seismology, Univ. Helsinki, Espoo.
42. Korja, A., Heikkinen, P. & Aaro, S., 2001. Crustal structure of the northern Baltic Sea palaeorift, Tectonophysics, 331, 341-358.
43. Korsman, K., Korja, T., Pajunen, M., Virransalo, P. & GGT/SVEKA Working Group., 1999. The GGT/SVEKA Transect: Structure and evolution of the continental crust in the Paleoproterozoic Svekofennian Orogen in Finland, International Geology Review, 41, 287-333.
44. Kozlovskaya, E., 2000. An algorithm of geophysical data inversion based on non-probabilistic presentation of a-priori information and definition of Pareto-optimality, Inverse Problems, 16, 839-861.
45. Kozlovskaya, E. & Yliniemi, J., 1999. Deep structure of the Earth's crust along the SVEKA profile and its extention to the north-east, Geophysica, 1-2, 111-123.
46. Kozlovskaya, E., Karatayev, G. & Yliniemi, J., 2001a. Lithosphere structure along the northern part of EUROBRIDGE in Lithuania; results from integrated interpretation of DSS and gravity data, Tectonophysics, 339, 177-191.
47. Kozlovskaya, E., Yliniemi, J., Karatayev, G. & EUROBRIDGE Seismic Working Group, 2001b. Integrated density-velocity modeling along EUROBRIDGE'95-97 wide-angle reflection and refraction profiles: main results. EUGXI, Journal of Conference Abstracts, 6, 365.
48. Kozlovskaya, E., Taran, L., Yliniemi, J. & Karatayev, G., 2002. Deep structure of the crust along the Fernnoscandia-Sarmatia Junction zone (central Belarus): results of a geophysical-geological integration, Tectonophysics, 358, 97-120.
49. Krasovsky, S.S., 1981. Reflection of continental-type crustal dynamics in the gravity field, Navukova Dumka, Kiev (in Russian).
50. Lahtinen, R., Korja, A. & Nironen, M., 2004. Palaeoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Fennoscandian Shield - a plate tectonic model, in Precambrian Geology in Finland, ed. Lehtinen, M., Elsevier, Amsterdam.
51. Lebedev, T.S., 1985. Problems of thermobarometric investigations of the physical properties of lithospheric rocks, Geofizicheskij Zhurnal, 7(6), 62-79 (in Russian).
52. Lebedev, T.S., Shapoval, V.I. & Korchin, V.A., 1972. New data on longitudinal wave velocities in rocks at high thermodynamic parameters, Geofizicheskij sbornik, 49, 9-27 (in Russian).
53. Lebedev, T.S., Korchin, V.A. & Burtny, P.A., 1983. Elastic wave velocity in ultrabasic and magmatic rocks under high pressure and temperature and their variation with depth, Geofizicheskij Zhurnal, 5(5 , 36-45 (in Russian).
54. Lebedev, T.S., Novik, G.Y., Korchin, V.A., Zilberschmit, M.G. & Zavorykina, T.K., 1986. The influence of structural transformations of rocks on their elastic properties under various thermobarometric conditions, Geofizicheskij Zhurnal, 4(8), 9-20 (in Russian).
55. Luosto, U., 1991. Moho depth map of the Fennoscandian Shield based on seismic refraction data, in Structure and Dynamics of the Fennoscandian Lithosphere, Rep. S-25, pp. 43-49, eds Korhonen, H. & Lipponen, A., Inst. Seism., Univ. Helsinki, Helsinki.
56. Luosto, U., 1997. Structure of the Earth's crust in Fennoscandia as revealed from refraction and wide-angle reflection studies, Geophysica, 33(1), 3-16.
57. Luosto, U., Lanne, E., Korhonen, H., Guterch, A., Grad, M., Materzok, R. & Perchuc, E., 1984. Deep structure of the Earth's crust on the SVEKA profile in central Finland, Annales Geophysicae, 2, 559-570.
58. Luosto, U. et al., 1990. Crust and upper mantle structure along the DSS BALTIC profile in SE Finland Geophys. J. Int., 101, 89-110.
59. Markwick, A.J.W. & Downes, H., 2000. Lower crustal granulite xenoliths from the Archangelsk kimberlite pipes: petrophysical, geochemical and geophysical results, Lithos, 51, 135-151.
60. Markwick, A.J.W., Downes, H. & Veretennikov, N., 2001. The lower crust of SE Belarus: petrological, geophysical and geochemical constraints from xenoliths, Tectonophysics, 339, 215-237.
61. Meissner, R. & Rabbel, W., 1999. Nature of crustal reflectivity along the DEKORP profiles in Germany in comparison with reflection patterns from different tectonic units worldwide: a review, Pure appl. Geophys., 156, 7-28.
62. Mudretsova, E.A. & Veselov, K.E. (eds), 1990. Gravity exploration: a handbook of a geophysicist, Nedra, Moscow (in Russian).
63. Nafe, J.E. & Drake, C.L., 1957. Variation with depth in shallow and deep water marine sediments of porosity, density and the velocities of compressional and shear waves, Geophysics, 22, 523-552.
64. Nagy, D., 1966. The gravitational attraction of a right rectangular prism, Geophysics, 31, 362-371.
65. Nielsen, L., Balling, N., Jacobsen, B.H. & MONA LISA Working Group., 2000. Seismic and gravity modeling of crustal structure in the Central Graben, North Sea. Observations along MONA LISA profile 3, Tectonophysics, 328, 229-244.
66. O'Brien, P.J. & Rötzler, J., 2003. High-pressure granulites: formation, recovery of peak conditions and implications for tectonics, J. metamorphic Geol., 21, 3-20.
67. Ollikainen, M., Koivula, H. & Poutanen, M., 2001. EUREF-FIN-koordinaatisto ja EUREF-pistetihennykset Suomessa, Tiedote 24, Geod. Laitos, Massala (in Finnish).
68. Pavlenkova, N.I., Luosto, U., Yliniemi, J. & Ansorge, J., 2001. 3-DP-velocity model of the crust in the Baltic Shield. In: 6th SVEKALAPKO Workshop, 29.11-2.12.2001 p. 43, ed. Hjelt, S.-E., Lammi, Finland.
69. Peltonen, P., Kinnunen, K.A. & Huhma, H., 2002. Petrology of two diamon-diferous eclogite xenoliths from the Lahtojoki kimberlite pipe, eastern Finland, Lithos, 63, 151-164.
70. Rasmussen, R. & Pedersen, L.B., 1979. End corrections in potential field modelling, Geophys. Prospect., 27, 749-760.
71. Ruotoistenmäki, T., 1994a. The gravity anomaly of three-dimensional sources characterized by arbitrary surfaces and density distributions, J. appl. Geophys., 32, 177-186.
72. Ruotoistenmäki, T., 1994b. Calculation of gravity anomalies of 3D sources using drillhole density data, J. appl. Geophys., 36, 131-136.
73. Sandoval, S., 2002. The lithosphere-asthenosphere system beneath Fennoscandia (Baltic Shield) by body-wave tomography, PhD thesis, No. 14 689. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Zürich.
74. Sandoval, S., Kissling, E., Ansorge, J. & the SVEKALAPKO STWG, 2003. High-Resolution body wave tomography beneath the SVEKALAPKO array: I. A-priori 3D crustal model and associated traveltime effects on teleseismic wavefronts, Geophys. J. Int., 153, 75-87.
75. Schön, J.H., 1998. Physical properties of rocks fundamental and principles of petrophysics, Pergamon, the Netherlands.
76. Smithson, S.B., Wenzel, F., Ganchin, Y.V. & Morozov, I.B., 2000. Seismic results at Kola and KTB deep scientific boreholes: velocities, reflections, fluids, and crustal composition, Tectonophysics, 329, 301-317.
77. Sobolev, S.V. & Babeyko, A.Y., 1994. Modeling of mineralogical composition, density and elastic wave velocities in anhydrous magmatic rocks, Surv. Geophys., 15, 515-544.
78. Spear, F.S., 1993. Metamorphic phase equilibra and pressure-temperature-time paths, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC.
79. Starostenko, V.I., 1998. The gravity field of polygonal plates and related prisms: a review. Izvestiya, Physics of the solid Earth, 34(3), 209-224.
80. Thybo, H. et al., 2003. Upper lithospheric seismic velocity structure across the Pripyat Trough and the Ukrainian Shield along the EUROBRIDGE'97 profile, Tectonophysics, 371, 41-79.
81. Wang, Z., 1998. Geoid and crustal structure in Fennoscandia, Report 126, Finn. Geod. Inst., Kirkkonummi.
82. White, D.J., 1996. Reprocessing of seismic reflection data from BABEL Line 1, in The BABEL Project, Final Status Report, EUR 16486, pp. 77-85, eds Meissner, R.R. et al., European Commission, Directorate-General, Science, Research and Development, Brussels.
83. Yegorova, T.P. & Starostenko, V.I., 2002. Lithosphere structure of Europe and Northern Atlantic from regional three-dimensional gravity modelling, Geophys. J. Int., 151, 11-31.
84. Yliniemi, J., 1991. Deep seismic soundings in the University of Oulu. In:, Structure and dynamics of the Fennoscandian lithosphere. Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on investigation of the lithosphere in the Fennoscanthan Shield by seismological methods, May 14-18 (eds Korhonen, H. & Lipponen, A.), pp. 1-6, University of Helsinki, Helsinki.
85. Yliniemi, J., Jokinen, J. & Luukkonen, E., 1996. Deep structure of the Earth's crust along the GGT/SVEKA transect extension to northeast. In: Global Geoscience Transect/SVEKA. Proceedings of the Kuopio seminar, Finland 25-26/11/1993, eds Ekdahl, E. & Autio, S., Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo.
86. Yliniemi, J., Kozlovskaya, E., Hjelt, S.-E., Komminaho, K., Ushakov, A. & SVEKALAPKO Seismic Tomography Working Group., 2004. Structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath southern Finland revealed by analysis of local events registered by the SVEKALAPKO seismic array, Tectonophysics, submitted.