A new look at lubrication of the ocular surface: Fluid mechanics behind the blinking eyelids

Ocular Surface

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 79-86

  Cher, Ivan ^a  

^a NONE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Blink related microtrauma (BRMT); Dacruon; Lid wiper epitheliopathy; Lipid sealant; Lubrication theory; Lubricity; Mucoaqueous poll (MAP); Ocular surfrace sac (OSS); Slip interface; Tear film

Indexed keywords

MUCIN;

AQUEOUS HUMOR; ARTICLE; EVAPORATION; EYELID; EYELID REFLEX; FLUID FLOW; FRICTION; GLYCOCALYX; HUMAN; HYPOTHESIS; LACRIMATION DISORDER; LUBRICATION; MICROVILLUS; NONHUMAN; SHEAR STRESS; TEAR FILM; VISCOSITY;

EID: 46149122562     PISSN: 15420124     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1542-0124(12)70271-9     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Wolff E. The mucocutaneous junction of the lid-margin and the distribution of the tear fluid. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K 1946;66:291-308
2. Cher I. Another way to think of tears: blood, sweat and... "dacruon." Ocul Surf 2007;5:251-4
3. Chen HB, Yamabayashi S, Ou B, et al. Structure and composition of rat precorneal tear film. A study by in vivo cryofixation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997;38:381-7
4. Holly FJ. The preocular tear film: a small but highly complex part of the eye. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2005;80:65-8
5. McCulley JP, Shine WE. Meibomian gland function and the tear lipid layer. Ocul Surf 2003;1:97-106
6. Nelson JD. A clinician looks at the tearfilm. Adv Exp Med Biol 1998;438:1-9
7. Tauber S. Treating and managing dry eye. Clin Surg J Ophthalmol 2005;23:274-8
8. Tran CH, Routledge C, Miller J, et al. Examination of murine tear film. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003;44:3520-5
9. Craig J. Structure and function of the preocular tear film, in Korb DR, Craig J, Doughty M, et al (eds). The Tear Film: Structure, Function and Clinical Examination. London, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002, 18-50
10. Chauhan A, Radke CJ. Settling and deformation of a thin elastic shell on a thin fluid layer lying on a solid surface. J Coll Interfac Sci 2002;245:187-197
11. Jones MB, Fulford GR, Please CP, at al. Elastohydrodynamics of the eyelid wiper. Bull Math Biol 2008;70:323-43
12. Jones MB, Fulford-GR, Please CP et al. Effect of tear additives on the shear stress and normal stress acting on the ocular surface, in Jacobs P, McIntyre T, Cleary M, et al (eds). Proceedings of the 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Dec 2007. Brisbane Australia, School of Engineering, The University of Queensland, 2007, 616-10
13. Braun RJ, Fitt AD. Modelling drainage of the precorneal film after a blink. Math Med Biol 2003;20:1-28.
14. Blake J, Gaffney E. Fluid dynamics of the tear film. Biotechnology News. Issue 47, University of Birmingham Interdisciplinary Activities, 2004
15. Collins M, Seeto R, Campbell L, Ross M. Blinking and corneal sensitivity. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1989;67:525-31
16. Hodson S, Earlam R. Of an extracellular matrix in human precorneal tear film. J Theor Biol 1994;168:395-8
17. Miller KL, Polse KA, Radke CJ. Black-line formation and the "perched" human tear film. Curr Eye Res 2002; 25:155-62
18. Radke CJ. Comments on the thickness of the tear film. Curr Eye Res 2005;30:1131-2
19. Tomlinson A, Khanal S. Assessment of tear film dynamics: quantification approach. Ocul Surf 2005;3:81-95
20. Zhu H, Chauhan A. Tear dynamics model. Curr Eye Res 2007;32:177-97
21. Ehlers N. The precomeal film. Biomicroscopical, histological and chemical investigations. Acta Ophthalmol 1965;81(suppl):S20
22. Brown L (ed). The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, vol 1. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1992, 1639
23. Holly FJ. From the Harold Stein Lecture 2003. The iatrogenic dry eye and its management. www.dry-eye-institute.org/lectures.htm. (Accessed January 2008)
24. Gipson IK, Argueso P. Role of mucins in the function of the corneal and conjunctival epithelia. Int Rev Cytol 2003; 231:1-49
25. Mathers WD, Lane JA. Meibomian gland lipid, evaporation and tear film stability. Adv Exp Med Biol 1998;438:349-60
26. Nichols BA, Dawson CR, Togni B. Surface features of the conjunctiva and cornea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1983;24:570-76
27. Tsubota K, Tseng SCG, Nordlund ML. Anatomy and physiology of the ocular surface, in Holland EJ, Mannis MJ (eds). Ocular Surface Disease. New York NY, Springer-Verlag, 2002, 3-15
28. Dilly, PN. Structure and function of the tear film. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1944;350:239-47
29. Cher I. Blink-related microtrauma. When the ocular surface harms itself. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2003;31:183-90
30. Thygeson P, Kimura SJ. Observations on chronic conjunctivitis and chronic keratoconjunctivitis. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol 1963;67:494-517
31. Theodore FH. Superior limbic kerato-conjunctivitis. Eye Ear Nose Throat Monthly 1963;42:25-28
32. Korb DR, Herman JP, Greiner JV, et al. Lid wiper epitheliopathy and dry eye symptoms. Eye Cont Lens 2005;31:2-8
33. Holly FJ, Holly TF. Advances in ocular tribology. Adv Exp Med Biol 1994;350:275-83
34. Kaura R. Ocular mucus: a hypothesis for its role in the external eye based on physiological considerations and on the properties and functions known to be common with other mucous secretions, in Holly F (ed). The Pre-ocular Tear Film in Health, Disease and Contact Lens Wear. Lubbock, TX,Dry Eye Institute, 1986, 743-7
35. Millar TJ. Elucidate the contribution of proteins to tears. A challenge to researchers. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2006;81:187-90
36. Darrt DA, Sullivan DA. Wetting of the ocular surface, in Albert DM, Jakobiec FA, Azar DT, Gragoudas ES (eds). Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. PhiladelphiaWB Saunders, 2000, Chapt 73, 960-81
37. Hudspeth AJ, Jacobs R. Stereocilia mediate transduction in vertebrate hair cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1979;76:1506-9
38. Weinman S, Guo P, You L. A new view of mechanotransduction and strain amplification in cells with microvilli and cell processes. Biorheology 2001; 38;119-142
39. (No authors listed). Management and therapy of dry eye disease: report of the Management and Therapy Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye Workshop (2007). Ocul Surf 2007;5(2):163-78
40. Nelson JD. Much more than water. Br J Ophthalmol 1999;83: 384-5
41. Wilson S, Stulting RD. Agreement of physician practices with the international task force guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of dry eye disease. Cornea 2007;26:284-9
42. Behrens A, Doyle JJ, Stern L, et al. Dysfunctional tear syndrome. Cornea2006;25:900-7
43. Simmons PA, Chang-Lin JE, Chung Q, et al. Selection of compatible solutes for inclusion in a lubricant eye drop. Poster presented at the 5th International Conference on the Tear Film and Ocular Surface: Basic Science and Clinical Relevance. Taormina, Sicily, Italy, September 5-8, 2007
44. Gilbard JP. Dry eyes: Mechanisms, natural history, diagnosis and treatment. Clin Refr Optom 2007;18:12-21
45. Tsubota K, Goto E, Fujita A, et al.. Treatment of dry eye by autologous serum application in Sjögrerfs syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol 1999;83:390-5
46. Rashid S, Jin Y, Ecoffier T, et al. Topical omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids for treatment of dry eye. Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126: 219-25
47. Stonecipher K, Perry HD, Gross RH, et al. The impact of topical cyclosporine A emulsion 0.05% on the outcomes of patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Curr Med Res Opin 2005;21: 1057-63
48. Barber LD, Pflugfelder SC, Tauber J, et al. Phase III safety evaluation of cyclosporine 0.1% ophthalmic emulsion administered twice daily to dry eye disease patients for up to 3 years. Ophthalmology 2005;1121:790-4
49. Foulks GN. The correlation between the tear film lipid layer and dry eye disease. Surv Opthalmol 2007;52:369-74