메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 89, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 1395-1406

The Effects of Stretching in Spasticity: A Systematic Review

Author keywords

Muscle spasticity; Rehabilitation; Review publication type

Indexed keywords

BACLOFEN;

EID: 45849126511     PISSN: 00039993     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.02.015     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (137)

References (66)
  • 2
    • 0347600948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spasticity after stroke: its occurrence and association with motor impairments and activity limitations
    • Sommerfeld D.K., Eek E.U., Svensson A.K., Holmqvist L.W., and von Arbin M.H. Spasticity after stroke: its occurrence and association with motor impairments and activity limitations. Stroke 35 (2004) 134-139
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , pp. 134-139
    • Sommerfeld, D.K.1    Eek, E.U.2    Svensson, A.K.3    Holmqvist, L.W.4    von Arbin, M.H.5
  • 3
    • 33644917719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spasticity and its association with functioning and health-related quality of life 18 months after stroke
    • Welmer A.K., von Arbin M., Widen Holmqvist L., and Sommerfeld D.K. Spasticity and its association with functioning and health-related quality of life 18 months after stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 21 (2006) 247-253
    • (2006) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.21 , pp. 247-253
    • Welmer, A.K.1    von Arbin, M.2    Widen Holmqvist, L.3    Sommerfeld, D.K.4
  • 7
    • 19944428418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical and methodological considerations in the measurement of spasticity
    • Burridge J.H., Wood D.E., Hermens H.J., et al. Theoretical and methodological considerations in the measurement of spasticity. Disabil Rehabil 27 (2005) 69-80
    • (2005) Disabil Rehabil , vol.27 , pp. 69-80
    • Burridge, J.H.1    Wood, D.E.2    Hermens, H.J.3
  • 8
    • 12344287132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spasticity: clinical perceptions, neurological realities and meaningful measurement
    • Pandyan A.D., Gregoric M., Barnes M.P., et al. Spasticity: clinical perceptions, neurological realities and meaningful measurement. Disabil Rehabil 27 (2005) 2-6
    • (2005) Disabil Rehabil , vol.27 , pp. 2-6
    • Pandyan, A.D.1    Gregoric, M.2    Barnes, M.P.3
  • 9
    • 19144367199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of arm function assessment with standardized guidelines for the Fugl-Meyer Test, Action Research Arm Test and Box and Block Test: a multicentre study
    • Platz T., Pinkowski C., van Wijck F., Kim I.H., di Bella P., and Johnson G. Reliability and validity of arm function assessment with standardized guidelines for the Fugl-Meyer Test, Action Research Arm Test and Box and Block Test: a multicentre study. Clin Rehabil 19 (2005) 404-411
    • (2005) Clin Rehabil , vol.19 , pp. 404-411
    • Platz, T.1    Pinkowski, C.2    van Wijck, F.3    Kim, I.H.4    di Bella, P.5    Johnson, G.6
  • 10
    • 0041560122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of impairments influencing gait velocity and asymmetry of hemiplegic patients after mild to moderate stroke
    • Hsu A.L., Tang P.F., and Jan M.H. Analysis of impairments influencing gait velocity and asymmetry of hemiplegic patients after mild to moderate stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 84 (2003) 1185-1193
    • (2003) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.84 , pp. 1185-1193
    • Hsu, A.L.1    Tang, P.F.2    Jan, M.H.3
  • 11
    • 0033926243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of botulinum toxin type A on disability and carer burden due to arm spasticity after stroke: a randomised double blind placebo controlled trial
    • [published erratum in: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001;70:821]
    • Bhakta B.B., Cozens J.A., Chamberlain M.A., and Bamford J.M. Impact of botulinum toxin type A on disability and carer burden due to arm spasticity after stroke: a randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. [published erratum in: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001;70:821]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 69 (2000) 217-221
    • (2000) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.69 , pp. 217-221
    • Bhakta, B.B.1    Cozens, J.A.2    Chamberlain, M.A.3    Bamford, J.M.4
  • 12
    • 2442545677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural and functional changes in spastic skeletal muscle
    • Lieber R.L., Steinman S., Barash I.A., and Chambers H. Structural and functional changes in spastic skeletal muscle. Muscle Nerve 29 (2004) 615-627
    • (2004) Muscle Nerve , vol.29 , pp. 615-627
    • Lieber, R.L.1    Steinman, S.2    Barash, I.A.3    Chambers, H.4
  • 13
    • 33846453529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spinal pathophysiology of spasticity-from a basic science point of view
    • (Oxf)
    • Nielsen J.B., Crone C., and Hultborn H. The spinal pathophysiology of spasticity-from a basic science point of view. Acta Physiol 189 (2007) 171-180 (Oxf)
    • (2007) Acta Physiol , vol.189 , pp. 171-180
    • Nielsen, J.B.1    Crone, C.2    Hultborn, H.3
  • 15
    • 0035149925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of impairment in patients with spasticity and use of stretch as a treatment of spastic hypertonia
    • vi
    • Gracies J.M. Pathophysiology of impairment in patients with spasticity and use of stretch as a treatment of spastic hypertonia. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 12 (2001) 747-768 vi
    • (2001) Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am , vol.12 , pp. 747-768
    • Gracies, J.M.1
  • 17
    • 0036355458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does stretching induce lasting increases in joint ROM?. A systematic review
    • Harvey L., Herbert R., and Crosbie J. Does stretching induce lasting increases in joint ROM?. A systematic review. Physiother Res Int 7 (2002) 1-13
    • (2002) Physiother Res Int , vol.7 , pp. 1-13
    • Harvey, L.1    Herbert, R.2    Crosbie, J.3
  • 18
    • 0037771344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of casts in the management of joint mobility and hypertonia following brain injury in adults: a systematic review
    • Mortenson P.A., and Eng J.J. The use of casts in the management of joint mobility and hypertonia following brain injury in adults: a systematic review. Phys Ther 83 (2003) 648-658
    • (2003) Phys Ther , vol.83 , pp. 648-658
    • Mortenson, P.A.1    Eng, J.J.2
  • 19
    • 23644439245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: updated review of the literature from 1998 through 2002
    • Cicerone K.D., Dahlberg C., Malec J.F., et al. Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: updated review of the literature from 1998 through 2002. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86 (2005) 1681-1692
    • (2005) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.86 , pp. 1681-1692
    • Cicerone, K.D.1    Dahlberg, C.2    Malec, J.F.3
  • 20
    • 0033645477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PEDro. A database of randomized trials and systematic reviews in physiotherapy
    • Sherrington C., Herbert R.D., Maher C.G., and Moseley A.M. PEDro. A database of randomized trials and systematic reviews in physiotherapy. Man Ther 5 (2000) 223-226
    • (2000) Man Ther , vol.5 , pp. 223-226
    • Sherrington, C.1    Herbert, R.D.2    Maher, C.G.3    Moseley, A.M.4
  • 22
    • 0035901579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The revised CONSORT statement for reporting randomized trials: explanation and elaboration
    • Altman D.G., Schulz K.F., Moher D., et al. The revised CONSORT statement for reporting randomized trials: explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med 134 (2001) 663-694
    • (2001) Ann Intern Med , vol.134 , pp. 663-694
    • Altman, D.G.1    Schulz, K.F.2    Moher, D.3
  • 23
    • 29444456501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does 12 weeks of regular standing prevent loss of ankle mobility and bone mineral density in people with recent spinal cord injuries?
    • Ben M., Harvey L., Denis S., et al. Does 12 weeks of regular standing prevent loss of ankle mobility and bone mineral density in people with recent spinal cord injuries?. Aust J Physiother 51 (2005) 251-256
    • (2005) Aust J Physiother , vol.51 , pp. 251-256
    • Ben, M.1    Harvey, L.2    Denis, S.3
  • 24
    • 0027494357 scopus 로고
    • Tilt table standing for reducing spasticity after spinal cord injury
    • Bohannon R.W. Tilt table standing for reducing spasticity after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 74 (1993) 1121-1122
    • (1993) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.74 , pp. 1121-1122
    • Bohannon, R.W.1
  • 25
    • 0022375086 scopus 로고
    • Passive ankle dorsiflexion increases in patients after a regimen of tilt table-wedge board standing. A clinical report
    • Bohannon R.W., and Larkin P.A. Passive ankle dorsiflexion increases in patients after a regimen of tilt table-wedge board standing. A clinical report. Phys Ther 65 (1985) 1676-1678
    • (1985) Phys Ther , vol.65 , pp. 1676-1678
    • Bohannon, R.W.1    Larkin, P.A.2
  • 27
    • 0025851741 scopus 로고
    • The use of the tilt-table to effect passive tendo-Achilles stretch in a patient with head injury
    • Richardson D. The use of the tilt-table to effect passive tendo-Achilles stretch in a patient with head injury. Physiother Theory Pract 7 (1991) 45-50
    • (1991) Physiother Theory Pract , vol.7 , pp. 45-50
    • Richardson, D.1
  • 29
    • 0035318939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a single session of prolonged muscle stretch on spastic muscle of stroke patients
    • Tsai K.H., Yeh C.Y., Chang H.Y., and Chen J.J. Effects of a single session of prolonged muscle stretch on spastic muscle of stroke patients. Proc Natl Sci Counc Repub China B 25 (2001) 76-81
    • (2001) Proc Natl Sci Counc Repub China B , vol.25 , pp. 76-81
    • Tsai, K.H.1    Yeh, C.Y.2    Chang, H.Y.3    Chen, J.J.4
  • 30
    • 33845314344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect on spasticity after performance of dynamic-repeated-passive ankle joint motion exercise in chronic stroke patients
    • Wu C.L., Huang M.H., Lee C.L., Liu C.W., Lin L.J., and Chen C.H. Effect on spasticity after performance of dynamic-repeated-passive ankle joint motion exercise in chronic stroke patients. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 22 (2006) 610-617
    • (2006) Kaohsiung J Med Sci , vol.22 , pp. 610-617
    • Wu, C.L.1    Huang, M.H.2    Lee, C.L.3    Liu, C.W.4    Lin, L.J.5    Chen, C.H.6
  • 31
    • 33745057469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete semimembranosus rupture following therapeutic stretching after a traumatic brain injury
    • Chua S.G., and Kong K.H. Complete semimembranosus rupture following therapeutic stretching after a traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 20 (2006) 669-672
    • (2006) Brain Inj , vol.20 , pp. 669-672
    • Chua, S.G.1    Kong, K.H.2
  • 33
    • 33745245054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of posture and muscle length on stretch reflex activity in poststroke patients with spasticity
    • Fleuren J.F., Nederhand M.J., and Hermens H.J. Influence of posture and muscle length on stretch reflex activity in poststroke patients with spasticity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 87 (2006) 981-988
    • (2006) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.87 , pp. 981-988
    • Fleuren, J.F.1    Nederhand, M.J.2    Hermens, H.J.3
  • 34
    • 23844527887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a motorized bicycle exercise trainer to normalize frequency-dependent habituation of the H-reflex in spinal cord injury
    • Kiser T.S., Reese N.B., Maresh T., et al. Use of a motorized bicycle exercise trainer to normalize frequency-dependent habituation of the H-reflex in spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 28 (2005) 241-245
    • (2005) J Spinal Cord Med , vol.28 , pp. 241-245
    • Kiser, T.S.1    Reese, N.B.2    Maresh, T.3
  • 36
    • 0034014951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stretch reflex adaptation in elbow flexors during repeated passive movements in unilateral brain-injured patients
    • Schmit B.D., Dewald J.P., and Rymer W.Z. Stretch reflex adaptation in elbow flexors during repeated passive movements in unilateral brain-injured patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 81 (2000) 269-278
    • (2000) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.81 , pp. 269-278
    • Schmit, B.D.1    Dewald, J.P.2    Rymer, W.Z.3
  • 37
    • 0036148820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of triceps surae muscle length and resistance to passive lengthening in patients with acquired brain injury
    • (Bristol, Avon)
    • Singer B., Dunne J., Singer K.P., and Allison G. Evaluation of triceps surae muscle length and resistance to passive lengthening in patients with acquired brain injury. Clin Biomech 17 (2002) 152-161 (Bristol, Avon)
    • (2002) Clin Biomech , vol.17 , pp. 152-161
    • Singer, B.1    Dunne, J.2    Singer, K.P.3    Allison, G.4
  • 38
    • 0041885400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of the effects of four weeks of daily stretch on extensibility of hamstring muscles in people with spinal cord injuries
    • Harvey L.A., Byak A.J., Ostrovskaya M., Glinsky J., Katte L., and Herbert R.D. Randomised trial of the effects of four weeks of daily stretch on extensibility of hamstring muscles in people with spinal cord injuries. Aust J Physiother 49 (2003) 176-181
    • (2003) Aust J Physiother , vol.49 , pp. 176-181
    • Harvey, L.A.1    Byak, A.J.2    Ostrovskaya, M.3    Glinsky, J.4    Katte, L.5    Herbert, R.D.6
  • 39
    • 24944464259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot randomized controlled trial of a daily muscle stretch regime to prevent contractures in the arm after stroke
    • Turton A.J., and Britton E. A pilot randomized controlled trial of a daily muscle stretch regime to prevent contractures in the arm after stroke. Clin Rehabil 19 (2005) 600-612
    • (2005) Clin Rehabil , vol.19 , pp. 600-612
    • Turton, A.J.1    Britton, E.2
  • 40
    • 24744445994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of isotonic and isokinetic muscle stretch on the excitability of the spinal alpha motor neurones in patients with muscle spasticity
    • Bakheit A.M., Maynard V., and Shaw S. The effects of isotonic and isokinetic muscle stretch on the excitability of the spinal alpha motor neurones in patients with muscle spasticity. Eur J Neurol 12 (2005) 719-724
    • (2005) Eur J Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 719-724
    • Bakheit, A.M.1    Maynard, V.2    Shaw, S.3
  • 41
    • 14644390925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the impact of a single session of isokinetic or isotonic muscle stretch on gait in patients with spastic hemiparesis
    • Maynard V., Bakheit A.M., and Shaw S. Comparison of the impact of a single session of isokinetic or isotonic muscle stretch on gait in patients with spastic hemiparesis. Clin Rehabil 19 (2005) 146-154
    • (2005) Clin Rehabil , vol.19 , pp. 146-154
    • Maynard, V.1    Bakheit, A.M.2    Shaw, S.3
  • 42
    • 33748073092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contracture preventive positioning of the hemiplegic arm in subacute stroke patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial
    • de Jong L.D., Nieuwboer A., and Aufdemkampe G. Contracture preventive positioning of the hemiplegic arm in subacute stroke patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 20 (2006) 656-667
    • (2006) Clin Rehabil , vol.20 , pp. 656-667
    • de Jong, L.D.1    Nieuwboer, A.2    Aufdemkampe, G.3
  • 43
    • 0033775808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial assessing the effects of 4 weeks of daily stretching on ankle mobility in patients with spinal cord injuries
    • Harvey L.A., Batty J., Crosbie J., Poulter S., and Herbert R.D. A randomized trial assessing the effects of 4 weeks of daily stretching on ankle mobility in patients with spinal cord injuries. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 81 (2000) 1340-1347
    • (2000) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.81 , pp. 1340-1347
    • Harvey, L.A.1    Batty, J.2    Crosbie, J.3    Poulter, S.4    Herbert, R.D.5
  • 44
    • 0036727007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of prolonged static and cyclic stretching on ankle joint stiffness, torque relaxation, and gait in people with stroke
    • Bressel E., and McNair P.J. The effect of prolonged static and cyclic stretching on ankle joint stiffness, torque relaxation, and gait in people with stroke. Phys Ther 82 (2002) 880-887
    • (2002) Phys Ther , vol.82 , pp. 880-887
    • Bressel, E.1    McNair, P.J.2
  • 45
    • 0025172020 scopus 로고
    • Manual stretch: effect on finger movement control and force control in stroke subjects with spastic extrinsic finger flexor muscles
    • Carey J.R. Manual stretch: effect on finger movement control and force control in stroke subjects with spastic extrinsic finger flexor muscles. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 71 (1990) 888-894
    • (1990) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.71 , pp. 888-894
    • Carey, J.R.1
  • 46
    • 0029097794 scopus 로고
    • Prolonged static muscle stretch reduces spasticity
    • Hale L.A., Fritz V.U., and Goodman M. Prolonged static muscle stretch reduces spasticity. S Afr J Physiother 51 (1995) 3-6
    • (1995) S Afr J Physiother , vol.51 , pp. 3-6
    • Hale, L.A.1    Fritz, V.U.2    Goodman, M.3
  • 47
    • 0035011726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of eccentric contractions and stretch on alpha motoneuron excitability in normal subjects and subjects with spasticity
    • Rochester L., Vujnovich A., Newstead D., and Williams M. The influence of eccentric contractions and stretch on alpha motoneuron excitability in normal subjects and subjects with spasticity. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 41 (2001) 171-177
    • (2001) Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.41 , pp. 171-177
    • Rochester, L.1    Vujnovich, A.2    Newstead, D.3    Williams, M.4
  • 48
    • 13444267607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of prolonged muscle stretching with constant torque or constant angle on hypertonic calf muscles
    • Yeh C.Y., Tsai K.H., and Chen J.J. Effects of prolonged muscle stretching with constant torque or constant angle on hypertonic calf muscles. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86 (2005) 235-241
    • (2005) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.86 , pp. 235-241
    • Yeh, C.Y.1    Tsai, K.H.2    Chen, J.J.3
  • 49
    • 0026035489 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of treatment protocols on minimal to moderate spasticity in multiple sclerosis
    • Brar S.P., Smith M.B., Nelson L.M., Franklin G.M., and Cobble N.D. Evaluation of treatment protocols on minimal to moderate spasticity in multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 72 (1991) 186-189
    • (1991) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.72 , pp. 186-189
    • Brar, S.P.1    Smith, M.B.2    Nelson, L.M.3    Franklin, G.M.4    Cobble, N.D.5
  • 50
    • 84970532972 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of elbow flexor and extensor spasticity following muscle stretch
    • Al-Zamil Z.M., Hassan N., and Hassan W. Reduction of elbow flexor and extensor spasticity following muscle stretch. J Neurol Rehabil 9 (1995) 161-165
    • (1995) J Neurol Rehabil , vol.9 , pp. 161-165
    • Al-Zamil, Z.M.1    Hassan, N.2    Hassan, W.3
  • 51
    • 33846913938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes of reflex, non-reflex and torque generation properties of spastic ankle plantar flexors induced by intelligent stretching
    • Chung S., Bai Z., Rymer W.Z., and Zhang L.Q. Changes of reflex, non-reflex and torque generation properties of spastic ankle plantar flexors induced by intelligent stretching. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 4 (2005) 3672-3675
    • (2005) Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc , vol.4 , pp. 3672-3675
    • Chung, S.1    Bai, Z.2    Rymer, W.Z.3    Zhang, L.Q.4
  • 52
    • 0036763437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intelligent stretching of ankle joints with contracture/spasticity
    • Zhang L.Q., Chung S.G., Bai Z., et al. Intelligent stretching of ankle joints with contracture/spasticity. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 10 (2002) 149-157
    • (2002) IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng , vol.10 , pp. 149-157
    • Zhang, L.Q.1    Chung, S.G.2    Bai, Z.3
  • 53
    • 0037270481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of continued stretching of the affected arm in patients with cerebrovascular diseases by examining H-reflex characteristics
    • Suzuki T., Saitoh E., Tani M., et al. Effect of continued stretching of the affected arm in patients with cerebrovascular diseases by examining H-reflex characteristics. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 43 (2003) 51-56
    • (2003) Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.43 , pp. 51-56
    • Suzuki, T.1    Saitoh, E.2    Tani, M.3
  • 54
    • 0028213706 scopus 로고
    • Influence of sustained stretch on late muscular responses to magnetic brain stimulation in patients with upper motor neuron lesions
    • Hummelsheim H., Münch B., Bütefisch C., and Neumann S. Influence of sustained stretch on late muscular responses to magnetic brain stimulation in patients with upper motor neuron lesions. Scand J Rehabil Med 26 (1994) 3-9
    • (1994) Scand J Rehabil Med , vol.26 , pp. 3-9
    • Hummelsheim, H.1    Münch, B.2    Bütefisch, C.3    Neumann, S.4
  • 55
    • 0019859697 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the effects of muscle stretch and weight load in patients with spastic paraplegia
    • Odeen I., and Knutsson E. Evaluation of the effects of muscle stretch and weight load in patients with spastic paraplegia. Scand J Rehabil Med 13 (1981) 117-121
    • (1981) Scand J Rehabil Med , vol.13 , pp. 117-121
    • Odeen, I.1    Knutsson, E.2
  • 56
    • 28844499435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feedback-controlled and programmed stretching of the ankle plantarflexors and dorsiflexors in stroke: effects of a 4-week intervention program
    • Selles R.W., Li X., Lin F., Chung S.G., Roth E.J., and Zhang L.Q. Feedback-controlled and programmed stretching of the ankle plantarflexors and dorsiflexors in stroke: effects of a 4-week intervention program. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86 (2005) 2330-2336
    • (2005) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.86 , pp. 2330-2336
    • Selles, R.W.1    Li, X.2    Lin, F.3    Chung, S.G.4    Roth, E.J.5    Zhang, L.Q.6
  • 57
    • 3242687019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of ankle hypertonia after prolonged stretch in subjects with stroke
    • Yeh C.Y., Chen J.J., and Tsai K.H. Quantitative analysis of ankle hypertonia after prolonged stretch in subjects with stroke. J Neurosci Methods 137 (2004) 305-314
    • (2004) J Neurosci Methods , vol.137 , pp. 305-314
    • Yeh, C.Y.1    Chen, J.J.2    Tsai, K.H.3
  • 58
    • 0025228545 scopus 로고
    • Walking efficiency before and after long-term muscle stretch in patients with spastic paraparesis
    • Mattsson E., Brostrom L.A., Borg J., and Karlsson J. Walking efficiency before and after long-term muscle stretch in patients with spastic paraparesis. Scand J Rehabil Med 22 (1990) 55-59
    • (1990) Scand J Rehabil Med , vol.22 , pp. 55-59
    • Mattsson, E.1    Brostrom, L.A.2    Borg, J.3    Karlsson, J.4
  • 59
    • 0019859007 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of muscular hypertonus by long-term muscle stretch
    • Odeen I. Reduction of muscular hypertonus by long-term muscle stretch. Scand J Rehabil Med 13 (1981) 93-99
    • (1981) Scand J Rehabil Med , vol.13 , pp. 93-99
    • Odeen, I.1
  • 60
    • 33745162556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ashworth Scales are unreliable for the assessment of muscle spasticity
    • Ansari N.N., Naghdi S., Moammeri H., and Jalaie S. Ashworth Scales are unreliable for the assessment of muscle spasticity. Physiother Theory Pract 22 (2006) 119-125
    • (2006) Physiother Theory Pract , vol.22 , pp. 119-125
    • Ansari, N.N.1    Naghdi, S.2    Moammeri, H.3    Jalaie, S.4
  • 61
  • 62
    • 0024268227 scopus 로고
    • Effect of intermittent stretch on immobilised muscle
    • Williams P.E. Effect of intermittent stretch on immobilised muscle. Ann Rheum Dis 47 (1988) 1014-1016
    • (1988) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.47 , pp. 1014-1016
    • Williams, P.E.1
  • 63
    • 0025291312 scopus 로고
    • Use of intermittent stretch in the prevention of serial sarcomere loss in immobilised muscle
    • Williams P.E. Use of intermittent stretch in the prevention of serial sarcomere loss in immobilised muscle. Ann Rheum Dis 49 (1990) 316-317
    • (1990) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.49 , pp. 316-317
    • Williams, P.E.1
  • 64
    • 38849139806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper limb impairments associated with spasticity in neurological disorders
    • Tsao C., and Mirbagheri M.M. Upper limb impairments associated with spasticity in neurological disorders. J Neuroeng Rehabil 4 (2007) 45
    • (2007) J Neuroeng Rehabil , vol.4 , pp. 45
    • Tsao, C.1    Mirbagheri, M.M.2
  • 65
    • 0035047157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Torque variations during repeated passive isokinetic knee movements in persons with multiple sclerosis
    • Nuyens G., De Weerdt W., Ketelaer P., Spaepen A., and Staes F. Torque variations during repeated passive isokinetic knee movements in persons with multiple sclerosis. J Rehabil Med 33 (2001) 85-89
    • (2001) J Rehabil Med , vol.33 , pp. 85-89
    • Nuyens, G.1    De Weerdt, W.2    Ketelaer, P.3    Spaepen, A.4    Staes, F.5
  • 66
    • 0036305171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of passive range of motion exercises on lower-extremity goniometric measurements of adults with cerebral palsy: a single-subject design
    • Cadenhead S.L., McEwen I.R., and Thompson D.M. Effect of passive range of motion exercises on lower-extremity goniometric measurements of adults with cerebral palsy: a single-subject design. Phys Ther 82 (2002) 658-669
    • (2002) Phys Ther , vol.82 , pp. 658-669
    • Cadenhead, S.L.1    McEwen, I.R.2    Thompson, D.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.