Three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound assessment of the anal sphincters during rest and squeeze

Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica

Volumn 87, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 669-674

  Olsen, Ingrid P ^a   Augensen, Kåre ^b   Wilsgaard, Tom ^c   Kiserud, Torvid ^b,d  

^a Hammerfest Hospital   (Norway)

^b HAUKELAND UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TROMSØ   (Norway)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

Author keywords

Anal function; Anal sphincter; External sphincter; Internal sphincter; Three dimensional; ultrasound

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANAL CANAL; ANUS SPHINCTER; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; FECES INCONTINENCE; FEMALE; HUMAN; ORGAN SIZE; PERINEUM INJURY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION; SMOOTH MUSCLE RELAXATION; THREE DIMENSIONAL ENDOANAL ULTRASOUND; ULTRASOUND; VAGINAL DELIVERY;

ADULT; ANAL CANAL; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; REST;

EID: 45849089965     PISSN: 00016349     EISSN: 16000412     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00016340802088346     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Nelson R, Norton N, Cautley E, Furner S. Community-based prevalence of anal incontinence. JAMA. 1995;274:559-61.
2. Kamm MA. Obstetric damage and faecal incontinence. Lancet. 1994;344:730-3.
3. Barret JA, Brocklehurst JC, Kiff ES, Ferguson G, Faragher EB. Anal function in geriatric patients with fecal incontinence. Gut. 1989;30:1244-51.
4. Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Bartram CI, Hudson CN. Anal sphincter trauma during instrumental delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1993;43:263-70.
5. Sultan AH. The role of anal endosonography in obstetrics. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2003;2286:559-60.
6. Norderval S, Oian P, Revhaug A, Vonen B. Anal incontinence after obstetric sphincter tears: outcome of anatomic primary repairs. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48:1055-61.
7. Williams AB, Spencer JA, Bartram CI. Assessment of third degree tears using three-dimensional anal endosonography with combined anal manometry: a novel technique. BJOG. 2002;109:833-5.
8. Faltin DL, Boulvain M, Floris LA, Irion O. Diagnosis of anal sphincter tears to prevent fecal incontinence: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;106:6-13.
9. Williams AB, Cheetham MJ, Bartram CI, Halligan S, Kamm MA, Nicholls RJ, et al. Gender differences in the longitudinal pressure profile of the anal canal related to anatomical structure as demonstrated on three-dimensional anal endosonography. Br J Surg. 2000;87:1674-9.
10. Starck M, Bohe M, Fortling B, Valentin L. Endosonography of the anal sphincter in women of different ages and parity. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2005;25:169-76.
11. Bollard RC, Gardiner A, Lindow S, Phillips K, Duthie GS. Normal female anal sphincter. Difficulties in interpretation explained. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45:171-5.
12. West R, Felt-Bersma RJF, Hansen BE, Schouten WR, Kuipers EJ. Volume measurement of the anal sphincter complex in healthy controls and fecal-incontinent patients with a three-dimensional reconstruction of endoanal ultrasonography images. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48:540-8.
13. Cooper ZR, Rose S. Fecal incontinence: a clinical approach. Mt Sinai J Med. 2000;67:96-105.
14. Williams AB, Bartram CI, Halligan S, Marshall MM, Spencer JAD, Nicholls RJ, et al. Alteration of anal sphincter morphology following vaginal delivery revealed by multiplanar anal endosonography. BJOG. 2002;109:942-6.
15. Orno AK, Marsal K. Sonographic investigation of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex: a qualitative pilot study in healthy females. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006;49:233-7.
16. Orno AK, Herbst A, Marsal K. Sonographic characteristics of rectal sensations in healthy females. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006;50:61-8.
17. Valsky DV, Messing B, Petkova R, Savchev S, Rosenak D, Hochner-Celnikier D, et al. Postpartum evaluation of the anal sphincter by transperineal three-dimensional ultrasound in primiparous women after vaginal delivery and following surgical repair of third-degree tears by the overlapping technique. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2007;29:195-204.
18. Timor-Tritsch IE, Monteagudo A, Smilen SW, Porges RF, Avizova E. Simple ultrasound evaluation of the anal sphincter in female patients using a transvaginal transducer. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2005;2:177-83.
19. Gold DM, Halligan S, Kmiot WA, Bartram CI. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement in anal endosonography. Br J Surg. 1999;86:371-5.
20. Enck P, Heyer Th, Gantke B, Schmidt WU, Schäfer R, Frieling T, et al. How reproducible are measures of the anal sphincter muscle diameter by endoanal ultrasound? Am J Gastroenterol.1997;92:293-6.
21. Olsen IP, Augensen K, Wilsgaard T, Kiserud T. Three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound assessment of the anal sphincters: Reproducibility. Acta Obstet Gynecol. 2008;87:675-81.
22. Cazemier M, Maaike PT, Stoker J, de Lange-de Klerk ESM, Boeckxstaens GEE, Mulder CJJ, et al. Atrophy and defects detection of the external anal sphincter: comparison between three-dimensional anal endosonography and endoanal magnetic resonance imaging. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006;49:20-7.
23. West R, Dwarkasing S, Briel JW, Hansen BE, Hussain SM, Schouten WR, et al. Can three-dimensional endoanal ultrasonography detect external anal sphincter atrophy? A comparison with endoanal magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2005;20:328-33.
24. Gregory WT, Boyles SH, Simmons K, Corcoran BS, Clark AL. External anal sphincter volume measurements using 3-dimensional endoanal ultrasound. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;194:1243-8.
25. Gosselink MP, West RL, Kuipers EJ, Hansen B, Schouten WR. Integrity of the anal sphincters after pouch-anal anastomosis: evaluation with three-dimensional endoanal ultrasonography. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48:1728-35.