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In a finite system with open boundary conditions, the system can break inversion symmetry due to the existence of edge states in the HI phase.
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The superfluid phase, which is realized for small U/t,V/t, is not captured by this approach, due to the truncation to n=0,1,2 on each site. See Appendix for a bosonization scheme that captures the transition to the superfluid phase correctly.
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