메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 427-434

Overcrowding and understaffing in modern health-care systems: key determinants in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; METICILLIN;

EID: 45749091707     PISSN: 14733099     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70151-8     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (151)

References (140)
  • 1
    • 84965362242 scopus 로고
    • "Celbenin"-resistant staphylococci
    • Jevons P. "Celbenin"-resistant staphylococci. BMJ 1 (1961) 124-125
    • (1961) BMJ , vol.1 , pp. 124-125
    • Jevons, P.1
  • 2
    • 72849182077 scopus 로고
    • Methicillin-resistant staphylococci
    • Barber M. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci. J Clin Pathol 14 (1961) 385-393
    • (1961) J Clin Pathol , vol.14 , pp. 385-393
    • Barber, M.1
  • 3
    • 0026935770 scopus 로고
    • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in US hospitals, 1975-1991
    • Panlilio A., Culver D., Gaynes R., et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in US hospitals, 1975-1991. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 13 (1992) 582-586
    • (1992) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.13 , pp. 582-586
    • Panlilio, A.1    Culver, D.2    Gaynes, R.3
  • 4
    • 0035666687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system report, data summary from January 1992-June 2001
    • Anon
    • Anon. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system report, data summary from January 1992-June 2001. Am J Infect Control 29 (2001) 404-421
    • (2001) Am J Infect Control , vol.29 , pp. 404-421
  • 5
    • 25644456854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, western Australia
    • Dailey L., Coombs G., O'Brien F., et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, western Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 11 (2005) 1584-1590
    • (2005) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.11 , pp. 1584-1590
    • Dailey, L.1    Coombs, G.2    O'Brien, F.3
  • 6
    • 0033073755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The continuing evolution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in western Australia
    • Torvaldsen S., Roberts C., and Riley T. The continuing evolution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in western Australia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 20 (1999) 133-135
    • (1999) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.20 , pp. 133-135
    • Torvaldsen, S.1    Roberts, C.2    Riley, T.3
  • 7
    • 16244419840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: England, Wales and Northern Ireland: January to December 2003
    • Health Protection Agency
    • Health Protection Agency. Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: England, Wales and Northern Ireland: January to December 2003. CDR Wkly 14 (2004) 1-5
    • (2004) CDR Wkly , vol.14 , pp. 1-5
  • 8
    • 35349019173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United States
    • Klevens R., Morrison M., Nadle J., et al. Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United States. JAMA 298 (2007) 1763-1771
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , pp. 1763-1771
    • Klevens, R.1    Morrison, M.2    Nadle, J.3
  • 9
    • 33745181230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deaths involving MRSA: England and Wales, 2000-2004
    • Anon
    • Anon. Deaths involving MRSA: England and Wales, 2000-2004. Health Stat Q 29 (2006) 63-68
    • (2006) Health Stat Q , vol.29 , pp. 63-68
  • 10
    • 16544394872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in MRSA in England and Wales: analysis of morbidity and mortality data for 1993-2002
    • Griffiths C., Lamagni T., Crowcroft N., Duckworth G., and Rooney C. Trends in MRSA in England and Wales: analysis of morbidity and mortality data for 1993-2002. Health Stat Q 21 (2004) 15-22
    • (2004) Health Stat Q , vol.21 , pp. 15-22
    • Griffiths, C.1    Lamagni, T.2    Crowcroft, N.3    Duckworth, G.4    Rooney, C.5
  • 11
    • 0034700926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteraemia and antibiotic resistance of its pathogens reported in England and Wales between 1990 and 1998: trend analysis
    • Reacher M., Shah A., Livermore D., et al. Bacteraemia and antibiotic resistance of its pathogens reported in England and Wales between 1990 and 1998: trend analysis. BMJ 320 (2000) 213-216
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.320 , pp. 213-216
    • Reacher, M.1    Shah, A.2    Livermore, D.3
  • 12
    • 0031021303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The progressive intercontinental spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • Ayliffe G. The progressive intercontinental spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis 24 suppl 1 (1997) S74-S79
    • (1997) Clin Infect Dis , vol.24 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Ayliffe, G.1
  • 13
    • 0033087071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional dissemination and control of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • Nicolle L., Dyck B., Thompson G., et al. Regional dissemination and control of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 20 (1999) 202-205
    • (1999) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.20 , pp. 202-205
    • Nicolle, L.1    Dyck, B.2    Thompson, G.3
  • 14
    • 33750332137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its control
    • Gould I. Costs of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its control. Int J Antimicrob Agents 28 (2006) 379-384
    • (2006) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.28 , pp. 379-384
    • Gould, I.1
  • 15
    • 0033504530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteremic pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus: a comparison of disease caused by methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible organisms
    • Gonzalez C., Rubio M., Romero-Vivas J., Gonzalez M., and Picazo J. Bacteremic pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus: a comparison of disease caused by methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible organisms. Clin Infect Dis 29 (1999) 1171-1177
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.29 , pp. 1171-1177
    • Gonzalez, C.1    Rubio, M.2    Romero-Vivas, J.3    Gonzalez, M.4    Picazo, J.5
  • 16
    • 0034011454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenic significance of methicillin resistance for patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia
    • Soriano A., Martinez J., Mensa J., et al. Pathogenic significance of methicillin resistance for patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 30 (2000) 368-373
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.30 , pp. 368-373
    • Soriano, A.1    Martinez, J.2    Mensa, J.3
  • 17
    • 0032823288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of poorer prognosis by infection with antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive cocci than by infection with antibiotic-sensitive strains
    • Gleason T., Crabtree T., Pelletier S., et al. Prediction of poorer prognosis by infection with antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive cocci than by infection with antibiotic-sensitive strains. Arch Surg 134 (1999) 1033-1040
    • (1999) Arch Surg , vol.134 , pp. 1033-1040
    • Gleason, T.1    Crabtree, T.2    Pelletier, S.3
  • 18
    • 27444433731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is methicillin resistance associated with a worse prognosis in Staphylococcus aureus ventilator-associated pneumonia?
    • Zahar J., Clec'h C., Tafflet M., et al. Is methicillin resistance associated with a worse prognosis in Staphylococcus aureus ventilator-associated pneumonia?. Clin Infect Dis 41 (2005) 1224-1231
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.41 , pp. 1224-1231
    • Zahar, J.1    Clec'h, C.2    Tafflet, M.3
  • 19
    • 4644332921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of methicillin resistance on outcome of Staphylococcus aureus ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Combes A., Luyt C., Fagon J., et al. Impact of methicillin resistance on outcome of Staphylococcus aureus ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170 (2004) 786-792
    • (2004) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.170 , pp. 786-792
    • Combes, A.1    Luyt, C.2    Fagon, J.3
  • 20
    • 0037190693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome and attributable mortality in critically ill patients with bacteremia involving methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • Blot S., Vandewoude K., Hoste E., and Colardyn F. Outcome and attributable mortality in critically ill patients with bacteremia involving methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Arch Intern Med 162 (2002) 2229-2235
    • (2002) Arch Intern Med , vol.162 , pp. 2229-2235
    • Blot, S.1    Vandewoude, K.2    Hoste, E.3    Colardyn, F.4
  • 21
    • 0141925832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective multicenter study of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: incidence of endocarditis, risk factors for mortality, and clinical impact of methicillin resistance
    • Chang F., MacDonald B., Peacock J., et al. A prospective multicenter study of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: incidence of endocarditis, risk factors for mortality, and clinical impact of methicillin resistance. Medicine (Baltimore) 82 (2003) 322-332
    • (2003) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.82 , pp. 322-332
    • Chang, F.1    MacDonald, B.2    Peacock, J.3
  • 22
    • 0344688312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus more virulent than methicillin-susceptible S aureus? A comparative cohort study of British patients with nosocomial infection and bacteremia
    • Melzer M., Eykyn S., Gransden W., and Chinn S. Is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus more virulent than methicillin-susceptible S aureus? A comparative cohort study of British patients with nosocomial infection and bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 37 (2003) 1453-1460
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.37 , pp. 1453-1460
    • Melzer, M.1    Eykyn, S.2    Gransden, W.3    Chinn, S.4
  • 23
    • 0033783509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: is it any worse than nosocomial methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia?
    • Selvey L., Whitby M., and Johnson B. Nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: is it any worse than nosocomial methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia?. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 21 (2000) 645-648
    • (2000) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.21 , pp. 645-648
    • Selvey, L.1    Whitby, M.2    Johnson, B.3
  • 24
    • 0037371388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse clinical and economic outcomes attributable to methicillin resistance among patients with Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infection
    • Engemann J., Carmeli Y., Cosgrove S., et al. Adverse clinical and economic outcomes attributable to methicillin resistance among patients with Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infection. Clin Infect Dis 36 (2003) 592-598
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.36 , pp. 592-598
    • Engemann, J.1    Carmeli, Y.2    Cosgrove, S.3
  • 25
    • 0035867372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poststernotomy mediastinitis due to Staphylococcus aureus: comparison of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible cases
    • Mekontso-Dessap A., Kirsch M., Brun-Buisson C., and Loisance D. Poststernotomy mediastinitis due to Staphylococcus aureus: comparison of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible cases. Clin Infect Dis 32 (2001) 877-883
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.32 , pp. 877-883
    • Mekontso-Dessap, A.1    Kirsch, M.2    Brun-Buisson, C.3    Loisance, D.4
  • 26
    • 0027967497 scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia by Staphylococcus aureus. Comparison of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive episodes
    • Rello J., Torres A., Ricart M., et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia by Staphylococcus aureus. Comparison of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive episodes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150 (1994) 1545-1549
    • (1994) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.150 , pp. 1545-1549
    • Rello, J.1    Torres, A.2    Ricart, M.3
  • 27
    • 0037235347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of mortality associated with methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a meta-analysis
    • Cosgrove S., Sakoulas G., Perencevich E., Schwaber M., Karchmer A., and Carmeli Y. Comparison of mortality associated with methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 36 (2003) 53-59
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.36 , pp. 53-59
    • Cosgrove, S.1    Sakoulas, G.2    Perencevich, E.3    Schwaber, M.4    Karchmer, A.5    Carmeli, Y.6
  • 28
    • 0035801447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of death from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a meta-analysis
    • Whitby M., McLaws M., and Berry G. Risk of death from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a meta-analysis. Med J Aust 175 (2001) 264-267
    • (2001) Med J Aust , vol.175 , pp. 264-267
    • Whitby, M.1    McLaws, M.2    Berry, G.3
  • 29
    • 4143111197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and economic analysis of methicillin-susceptible and resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections
    • Kopp B., Nix D., and Armstrong E. Clinical and economic analysis of methicillin-susceptible and resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Ann Pharmacother 38 (2004) 1377-1382
    • (2004) Ann Pharmacother , vol.38 , pp. 1377-1382
    • Kopp, B.1    Nix, D.2    Armstrong, E.3
  • 30
    • 15944419940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia on patient outcomes: mortality, length of stay, and hospital charges
    • Cosgrove S., Qi Y., Kaye K., Harbarth S., Karchmer A., and Carmeli Y. The impact of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia on patient outcomes: mortality, length of stay, and hospital charges. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 26 (2005) 166-174
    • (2005) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.26 , pp. 166-174
    • Cosgrove, S.1    Qi, Y.2    Kaye, K.3    Harbarth, S.4    Karchmer, A.5    Carmeli, Y.6
  • 31
    • 20144387391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs and outcomes among hemodialysis-dependent patients with methicillin-resistant or methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia
    • Reed S., Friedman J., Engemann J., et al. Costs and outcomes among hemodialysis-dependent patients with methicillin-resistant or methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 26 (2005) 175-183
    • (2005) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.26 , pp. 175-183
    • Reed, S.1    Friedman, J.2    Engemann, J.3
  • 32
    • 20444435191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and economic impact of methicillin resistance in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia
    • Lodise T., and McKinnon P. Clinical and economic impact of methicillin resistance in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 52 (2005) 113-122
    • (2005) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.52 , pp. 113-122
    • Lodise, T.1    McKinnon, P.2
  • 33
    • 2442544493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors and costs associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections
    • McHugh C., and Riley L. Risk factors and costs associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 25 (2004) 425-430
    • (2004) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.25 , pp. 425-430
    • McHugh, C.1    Riley, L.2
  • 34
    • 0033141353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus primary bacteremia: at what costs?
    • Abramson M., and Sexton D. Nosocomial methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus primary bacteremia: at what costs?. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 20 (1999) 408-411
    • (1999) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.20 , pp. 408-411
    • Abramson, M.1    Sexton, D.2
  • 35
    • 0034294822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital restructuring: does it adversely affect care and outcomes?
    • Aiken L., Clarke S., and Sloane D. Hospital restructuring: does it adversely affect care and outcomes?. J Nurs Adm 30 (2000) 457-465
    • (2000) J Nurs Adm , vol.30 , pp. 457-465
    • Aiken, L.1    Clarke, S.2    Sloane, D.3
  • 36
    • 0036365702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Australian hospital services: an overview
    • Duckett S. Australian hospital services: an overview. Aust Health Rev 25 (2002) 2-18
    • (2002) Aust Health Rev , vol.25 , pp. 2-18
    • Duckett, S.1
  • 37
    • 0031255376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital restructuring in the United States, Canada, and western Europe: an outcomes research agenda
    • Sochalski J., Aiken L., and Fagin C. Hospital restructuring in the United States, Canada, and western Europe: an outcomes research agenda. Med Care 35 (1997) OS13-OS25
    • (1997) Med Care , vol.35
    • Sochalski, J.1    Aiken, L.2    Fagin, C.3
  • 40
    • 35548995212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic change and the future demand for public hospital care in Australia, 2005 to 2050
    • Schofield D., and Earnest A. Demographic change and the future demand for public hospital care in Australia, 2005 to 2050. Aust Health Rev 30 (2006) 507-515
    • (2006) Aust Health Rev , vol.30 , pp. 507-515
    • Schofield, D.1    Earnest, A.2
  • 41
    • 23044478832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baby boomer doctors and nurses: demographic change and transitions to retirement
    • Schofield D., and Beard J. Baby boomer doctors and nurses: demographic change and transitions to retirement. Med J Aust 183 (2005) 80-83
    • (2005) Med J Aust , vol.183 , pp. 80-83
    • Schofield, D.1    Beard, J.2
  • 42
    • 0034647326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of an aging registered nurse workforce
    • Buerhaus P., Staiger D., and Auerbach D. Implications of an aging registered nurse workforce. JAMA 283 (2000) 2948-2954
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.283 , pp. 2948-2954
    • Buerhaus, P.1    Staiger, D.2    Auerbach, D.3
  • 43
    • 0034654818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canada faces nurse shortage
    • Spurgeon D. Canada faces nurse shortage. BMJ 320 (2000) 1030
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.320 , pp. 1030
    • Spurgeon, D.1
  • 45
    • 0036618825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nurse staffing and healthcare-associated infections: proceedings from a working group meeting
    • Jackson M., Chiarello L., Gaynes R., and Gerberding J. Nurse staffing and healthcare-associated infections: proceedings from a working group meeting. J Nurs Adm 32 (2002) 314-322
    • (2002) J Nurs Adm , vol.32 , pp. 314-322
    • Jackson, M.1    Chiarello, L.2    Gaynes, R.3    Gerberding, J.4
  • 46
    • 0036369468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a neonatal intensive unit associated with understaffing, overcrowding and mixing of patients
    • Andersen B., Lindemann R., Bergh K., et al. Spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a neonatal intensive unit associated with understaffing, overcrowding and mixing of patients. J Hosp Infect 50 (2002) 18-24
    • (2002) J Hosp Infect , vol.50 , pp. 18-24
    • Andersen, B.1    Lindemann, R.2    Bergh, K.3
  • 47
    • 0033191188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae related to understaffing, overcrowding, and poor hygiene practices
    • Harbarth S., Sudre P., Dharan S., Cadenas M., and Pittet D. Outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae related to understaffing, overcrowding, and poor hygiene practices. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 20 (1999) 598-603
    • (1999) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.20 , pp. 598-603
    • Harbarth, S.1    Sudre, P.2    Dharan, S.3    Cadenas, M.4    Pittet, D.5
  • 48
    • 0030657011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient density, nurse-to-patient ratio and nosocomial infection risk in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit
    • Archibald L., Manning M., Bell L., Banerjee S., and Jarvis W. Patient density, nurse-to-patient ratio and nosocomial infection risk in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. Pediatr Infect Dis J 16 (1997) 1045-1048
    • (1997) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.16 , pp. 1045-1048
    • Archibald, L.1    Manning, M.2    Bell, L.3    Banerjee, S.4    Jarvis, W.5
  • 49
    • 0019942558 scopus 로고
    • The role of understaffing and overcrowding in recurrent outbreaks of staphylococcal infection in a neonatal special-care unit
    • Haley R., and Bregman D. The role of understaffing and overcrowding in recurrent outbreaks of staphylococcal infection in a neonatal special-care unit. J Infect Dis 145 (1982) 875-885
    • (1982) J Infect Dis , vol.145 , pp. 875-885
    • Haley, R.1    Bregman, D.2
  • 50
    • 0021330783 scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of Serratia marcescens infections in a neonatal unit
    • Smith P., Brookfield D., Shaw D., and Gray J. An outbreak of Serratia marcescens infections in a neonatal unit. Lancet 1 (1984) 151-153
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 151-153
    • Smith, P.1    Brookfield, D.2    Shaw, D.3    Gray, J.4
  • 51
    • 0142243423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bed occupancy and overcrowding as determinant factors in the incidence of MRSA infections within general ward settings
    • Borg M. Bed occupancy and overcrowding as determinant factors in the incidence of MRSA infections within general ward settings. J Hosp Infect 54 (2003) 316-318
    • (2003) J Hosp Infect , vol.54 , pp. 316-318
    • Borg, M.1
  • 52
    • 27144440364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bed occupancy and turnover interval as determinant factors in MRSA infections in acute settings in Northern Ireland: 1 April 2001 to 31 March 2003
    • Cunningham J., Kernohan W., and Sowney R. Bed occupancy and turnover interval as determinant factors in MRSA infections in acute settings in Northern Ireland: 1 April 2001 to 31 March 2003. J Hosp Infect 61 (2005) 189-193
    • (2005) J Hosp Infect , vol.61 , pp. 189-193
    • Cunningham, J.1    Kernohan, W.2    Sowney, R.3
  • 53
    • 36048954402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bed occupancy, turnover intervals and MRSA rates in English hospitals
    • Cunningham J., Kernohan W., and Rush T. Bed occupancy, turnover intervals and MRSA rates in English hospitals. Br J Nurs 15 (2006) 656-660
    • (2006) Br J Nurs , vol.15 , pp. 656-660
    • Cunningham, J.1    Kernohan, W.2    Rush, T.3
  • 54
    • 33646359173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propagation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus due to the overloading of medical nurses in intensive care units
    • Blatnik J., and Lesnicar G. Propagation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus due to the overloading of medical nurses in intensive care units. J Hosp Infect 63 (2006) 162-166
    • (2006) J Hosp Infect , vol.63 , pp. 162-166
    • Blatnik, J.1    Lesnicar, G.2
  • 55
    • 0037083091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for the transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an adult intensive care unit: fitting a model to the data
    • Grundmann H., Hori S., Winter B., Tami A., and Austin D. Risk factors for the transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an adult intensive care unit: fitting a model to the data. J Infect Dis 185 (2002) 481-488
    • (2002) J Infect Dis , vol.185 , pp. 481-488
    • Grundmann, H.1    Hori, S.2    Winter, B.3    Tami, A.4    Austin, D.5
  • 57
    • 0032820713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nursing staff workload as a determinant of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus spread in an adult intensive therapy unit
    • Vicca A. Nursing staff workload as a determinant of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus spread in an adult intensive therapy unit. J Hosp Infect 43 (1999) 109-113
    • (1999) J Hosp Infect , vol.43 , pp. 109-113
    • Vicca, A.1
  • 58
    • 0031880202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winning the battle but losing the war: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection at a teaching hospital
    • Farrington M., Redpath C., Trundle C., Coomber S., and Brown N. Winning the battle but losing the war: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection at a teaching hospital. QJM 91 (1998) 539-548
    • (1998) QJM , vol.91 , pp. 539-548
    • Farrington, M.1    Redpath, C.2    Trundle, C.3    Coomber, S.4    Brown, N.5
  • 59
    • 33645954589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-transmission of nosocomial pathogens in an adult intensive care unit: incidence and risk factors
    • Halwani M., Solaymani-Dodaran M., Grundmann H., Coupland C., and Slack R. Cross-transmission of nosocomial pathogens in an adult intensive care unit: incidence and risk factors. J Hosp Infect 63 (2006) 39-46
    • (2006) J Hosp Infect , vol.63 , pp. 39-46
    • Halwani, M.1    Solaymani-Dodaran, M.2    Grundmann, H.3    Coupland, C.4    Slack, R.5
  • 60
    • 0033630233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of the composition of the nursing staff on primary bloodstream infection rates in a surgical intensive care unit
    • Robert J., Fridkin S., Blumberg H., et al. The influence of the composition of the nursing staff on primary bloodstream infection rates in a surgical intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 21 (2000) 12-17
    • (2000) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.21 , pp. 12-17
    • Robert, J.1    Fridkin, S.2    Blumberg, H.3
  • 61
    • 0032240387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nurse staffing levels and adverse events following surgery in US hospitals
    • Kovner C., and Gergen P. Nurse staffing levels and adverse events following surgery in US hospitals. Image J Nurs Sch 30 (1998) 315-321
    • (1998) Image J Nurs Sch , vol.30 , pp. 315-321
    • Kovner, C.1    Gergen, P.2
  • 62
    • 0027265113 scopus 로고
    • Outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a neonatal intensive care unit
    • Haddad Q., Sobayo E., Basit O., and Rotimi V. Outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect 23 (1993) 211-222
    • (1993) J Hosp Infect , vol.23 , pp. 211-222
    • Haddad, Q.1    Sobayo, E.2    Basit, O.3    Rotimi, V.4
  • 64
    • 4744351394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clustering of Serratia marcescens infections in a neonatal intensive care unit
    • Sarvikivi E., Lyytikainen O., Salmenlinna S., et al. Clustering of Serratia marcescens infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 25 (2004) 723-729
    • (2004) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.25 , pp. 723-729
    • Sarvikivi, E.1    Lyytikainen, O.2    Salmenlinna, S.3
  • 65
    • 0033854728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A heterogeneous outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens infections in a surgical intensive care unit
    • Dorsey G., Borneo H., Sun S., et al. A heterogeneous outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens infections in a surgical intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 21 (2000) 465-469
    • (2000) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.21 , pp. 465-469
    • Dorsey, G.1    Borneo, H.2    Sun, S.3
  • 66
    • 0036129728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of nurse understaffing in nosocomial viral gastrointestinal infections on a general pediatrics ward
    • Stegenga J., Bell E., and Matlow A. The role of nurse understaffing in nosocomial viral gastrointestinal infections on a general pediatrics ward. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 23 (2002) 133-136
    • (2002) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.23 , pp. 133-136
    • Stegenga, J.1    Bell, E.2    Matlow, A.3
  • 67
    • 0033764078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects on nursing workload of different methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) control strategies
    • Farrington M., Trundle C., Redpath C., and Anderson L. Effects on nursing workload of different methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) control strategies. J Hosp Infect 46 (2000) 118-122
    • (2000) J Hosp Infect , vol.46 , pp. 118-122
    • Farrington, M.1    Trundle, C.2    Redpath, C.3    Anderson, L.4
  • 68
    • 0028914899 scopus 로고
    • Eradication of endemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections from a neonatal intensive care unit
    • Haley R., Cushion N., Tenover F., et al. Eradication of endemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections from a neonatal intensive care unit. J Infect Dis 171 (1995) 614-624
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.171 , pp. 614-624
    • Haley, R.1    Cushion, N.2    Tenover, F.3
  • 69
    • 33845918207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of workload on infection risk in critically ill patients
    • Hugonnet S., Chevrolet J., and Pittet D. The effect of workload on infection risk in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 35 (2007) 76-81
    • (2007) Crit Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 76-81
    • Hugonnet, S.1    Chevrolet, J.2    Pittet, D.3
  • 70
    • 9144249805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of nurse staffing and antimicrobial-impregnated central venous catheters on the risk for bloodstream infections in intensive care units
    • Alonso-Echanove J., Edwards J., Richards M., et al. Effect of nurse staffing and antimicrobial-impregnated central venous catheters on the risk for bloodstream infections in intensive care units. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 24 (2003) 916-925
    • (2003) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.24 , pp. 916-925
    • Alonso-Echanove, J.1    Edwards, J.2    Richards, M.3
  • 71
    • 0642336028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between nurse staffing and patient outcomes
    • Yang K. Relationships between nurse staffing and patient outcomes. J Nurs Res 11 (2003) 149-158
    • (2003) J Nurs Res , vol.11 , pp. 149-158
    • Yang, K.1
  • 72
    • 0041521241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trouble in the nurse labor market? Recent trends and future outlook
    • Buerhaus P., and Staiger D. Trouble in the nurse labor market? Recent trends and future outlook. Health Aff (Millwood) 18 (1999) 214-222
    • (1999) Health Aff (Millwood) , vol.18 , pp. 214-222
    • Buerhaus, P.1    Staiger, D.2
  • 73
    • 0037071241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol-based handrub improves compliance with hand hygiene in intensive care units
    • Hugonnet S., Perneger T., and Pittet D. Alcohol-based handrub improves compliance with hand hygiene in intensive care units. Arch Intern Med 162 (2002) 1037-1043
    • (2002) Arch Intern Med , vol.162 , pp. 1037-1043
    • Hugonnet, S.1    Perneger, T.2    Pittet, D.3
  • 74
    • 0345600158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative risk of physicians and nurses to transmit pathogens in a medical intensive care unit
    • Nijssen S., Bonten M., Franklin C., Verhoef J., Hoepelman A., and Weinstein R. Relative risk of physicians and nurses to transmit pathogens in a medical intensive care unit. Arch Intern Med 163 (2003) 2785-2786
    • (2003) Arch Intern Med , vol.163 , pp. 2785-2786
    • Nijssen, S.1    Bonten, M.2    Franklin, C.3    Verhoef, J.4    Hoepelman, A.5    Weinstein, R.6
  • 76
    • 0033582186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compliance with handwashing in a teaching hospital. Infection Control Program
    • Pittet D., Mourouga P., and Perneger T. Compliance with handwashing in a teaching hospital. Infection Control Program. Ann Intern Med 130 (1999) 126-130
    • (1999) Ann Intern Med , vol.130 , pp. 126-130
    • Pittet, D.1    Mourouga, P.2    Perneger, T.3
  • 77
    • 0020285547 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing handwashing behavior of patient care personnel
    • Larson E., and Killien M. Factors influencing handwashing behavior of patient care personnel. Am J Infect Control 10 (1982) 93-99
    • (1982) Am J Infect Control , vol.10 , pp. 93-99
    • Larson, E.1    Killien, M.2
  • 78
    • 0035666608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding adherence to hand hygiene recommendations: the theory of planned behavior
    • O'Boyle C., Henly S., and Larson E. Understanding adherence to hand hygiene recommendations: the theory of planned behavior. Am J Infect Control 29 (2001) 352-360
    • (2001) Am J Infect Control , vol.29 , pp. 352-360
    • O'Boyle, C.1    Henly, S.2    Larson, E.3
  • 80
    • 0027934519 scopus 로고
    • Nurses' hand decontamination practice: results of a local study
    • Gould D. Nurses' hand decontamination practice: results of a local study. J Hosp Infect 28 (1994) 15-30
    • (1994) J Hosp Infect , vol.28 , pp. 15-30
    • Gould, D.1
  • 81
    • 0034630115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Handwashing compliance by health care workers: the impact of introducing an accessible, alcohol-based hand antiseptic
    • Bischoff W., Reynolds T., Sessler C., Edmond M., and Wenzel R. Handwashing compliance by health care workers: the impact of introducing an accessible, alcohol-based hand antiseptic. Arch Intern Med 160 (2000) 1017-1021
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 1017-1021
    • Bischoff, W.1    Reynolds, T.2    Sessler, C.3    Edmond, M.4    Wenzel, R.5
  • 82
    • 0034089657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Workload may be related to the spread of MRSA and other infections
    • Bignardi G., and Askew C. Workload may be related to the spread of MRSA and other infections. J Hosp Infect 45 (2000) 78-80
    • (2000) J Hosp Infect , vol.45 , pp. 78-80
    • Bignardi, G.1    Askew, C.2
  • 83
    • 23044515792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among patients admitted to a hospital
    • Raboud J., Saskin R., Simor A., et al. Modeling transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among patients admitted to a hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 26 (2005) 607-615
    • (2005) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.26 , pp. 607-615
    • Raboud, J.1    Saskin, R.2    Simor, A.3
  • 84
    • 33847666514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A stochastic mathematical model of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission in an intensive care unit: predicting the impact of interventions
    • McBryde E., Pettitt A., and McElwain D. A stochastic mathematical model of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission in an intensive care unit: predicting the impact of interventions. J Theor Biol 245 (2007) 470-481
    • (2007) J Theor Biol , vol.245 , pp. 470-481
    • McBryde, E.1    Pettitt, A.2    McElwain, D.3
  • 85
    • 0019544356 scopus 로고
    • The effect of private isolation rooms on patient care practices, colonization and infection in an intensive care unit
    • Preston G., Larson E., and Stamm W. The effect of private isolation rooms on patient care practices, colonization and infection in an intensive care unit. Am J Med 70 (1981) 641-645
    • (1981) Am J Med , vol.70 , pp. 641-645
    • Preston, G.1    Larson, E.2    Stamm, W.3
  • 86
    • 0034927158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compliance with hand disinfection and its impact on hospital-acquired infections
    • Pittet D. Compliance with hand disinfection and its impact on hospital-acquired infections. J Hosp Infect 48 suppl A (2001) S40-S46
    • (2001) J Hosp Infect , vol.48 , Issue.SUPPL. A
    • Pittet, D.1
  • 87
    • 0033925636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Availability of an alcohol solution can improve hand disinfection compliance in an intensive care unit
    • Maury E., Alzieu M., Baudel J., et al. Availability of an alcohol solution can improve hand disinfection compliance in an intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162 (2000) 324-327
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.162 , pp. 324-327
    • Maury, E.1    Alzieu, M.2    Baudel, J.3
  • 88
    • 28444488243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of an alcohol/chlorhexidine hand hygiene program in a hospital with high rates of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection
    • Johnson P., Martin R., Burrell L., et al. Efficacy of an alcohol/chlorhexidine hand hygiene program in a hospital with high rates of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. Med J Aust 183 (2005) 509-514
    • (2005) Med J Aust , vol.183 , pp. 509-514
    • Johnson, P.1    Martin, R.2    Burrell, L.3
  • 89
    • 0024851369 scopus 로고
    • Handwashing practices in an intensive care unit: the effects of an educational program and its relationship to infection rates
    • Conly J., Hill S., Ross J., Lertzman J., and Louie T. Handwashing practices in an intensive care unit: the effects of an educational program and its relationship to infection rates. Am J Infect Control 17 (1989) 330-339
    • (1989) Am J Infect Control , vol.17 , pp. 330-339
    • Conly, J.1    Hill, S.2    Ross, J.3    Lertzman, J.4    Louie, T.5
  • 90
    • 0034649075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene
    • Pittet D., Hugonnet S., Harbarth S., et al. Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. Lancet 356 (2000) 1307-1312
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 1307-1312
    • Pittet, D.1    Hugonnet, S.2    Harbarth, S.3
  • 91
    • 0033899795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An organizational climate intervention associated with increased handwashing and decreased nosocomial infections
    • Larson E., Early E., Cloonan P., Sugrue S., and Parides M. An organizational climate intervention associated with increased handwashing and decreased nosocomial infections. Behav Med 26 (2000) 14-22
    • (2000) Behav Med , vol.26 , pp. 14-22
    • Larson, E.1    Early, E.2    Cloonan, P.3    Sugrue, S.4    Parides, M.5
  • 93
    • 0031903502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of increased bed numbers on MRSA transmission in acute medical wards
    • Kibbler C., Quick A., and O'Neill A. The effect of increased bed numbers on MRSA transmission in acute medical wards. J Hosp Infect 39 (1998) 213-219
    • (1998) J Hosp Infect , vol.39 , pp. 213-219
    • Kibbler, C.1    Quick, A.2    O'Neill, A.3
  • 94
    • 34447510950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitals: time for a culture change
    • Collignon P., Grayson M., and Johnson P. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitals: time for a culture change. Med J Aust 187 (2007) 4-5
    • (2007) Med J Aust , vol.187 , pp. 4-5
    • Collignon, P.1    Grayson, M.2    Johnson, P.3
  • 95
    • 3142592643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitals and the community: stealth dynamics and control catastrophes
    • Cooper B., Medley G., Stone S., et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitals and the community: stealth dynamics and control catastrophes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 (2004) 10223-10228
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 10223-10228
    • Cooper, B.1    Medley, G.2    Stone, S.3
  • 96
    • 0028256019 scopus 로고
    • Patient outcomes. Are they linked to registered nurse absenteeism, separation, or work load?
    • Taunton R., Kleinbeck S., Stafford R., Woods C., and Bott M. Patient outcomes. Are they linked to registered nurse absenteeism, separation, or work load?. J Nurs Adm 24 suppl 4 (1994) 48-55
    • (1994) J Nurs Adm , vol.24 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 48-55
    • Taunton, R.1    Kleinbeck, S.2    Stafford, R.3    Woods, C.4    Bott, M.5
  • 97
    • 18744383312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nursing home facility risk factors for infection and hospitalization: importance of registered nurse turnover, administration, and social factors
    • Zimmerman S., Gruber-Baldini A., Hebel J., Sloane P., and Magaziner J. Nursing home facility risk factors for infection and hospitalization: importance of registered nurse turnover, administration, and social factors. J Am Geriatr Soc 50 (2002) 1987-1995
    • (2002) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.50 , pp. 1987-1995
    • Zimmerman, S.1    Gruber-Baldini, A.2    Hebel, J.3    Sloane, P.4    Magaziner, J.5
  • 98
    • 0028998642 scopus 로고
    • New threats to the control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • Casewell M. New threats to the control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Hosp Infect 30 suppl (1995) 465-471
    • (1995) J Hosp Infect , vol.30 , Issue.SUPPL , pp. 465-471
    • Casewell, M.1
  • 99
    • 38349121682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of the environment in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus acquisition: the case for hospital cleaning
    • Dancer S. Importance of the environment in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus acquisition: the case for hospital cleaning. Lancet Infect Dis 8 (2008) 101-113
    • (2008) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.8 , pp. 101-113
    • Dancer, S.1
  • 100
    • 0035137682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The economic impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Canadian hospitals
    • Kim T., Oh P., and Simor A. The economic impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Canadian hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 22 (2001) 99-104
    • (2001) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.22 , pp. 99-104
    • Kim, T.1    Oh, P.2    Simor, A.3
  • 101
    • 34447623956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morbidity and cost burden of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in early onset ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Shorr A., Tabak Y., Gupta V., Johannes R., Liu L., and Kollef M. Morbidity and cost burden of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in early onset ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit Care 10 (2006) R97
    • (2006) Crit Care , vol.10
    • Shorr, A.1    Tabak, Y.2    Gupta, V.3    Johannes, R.4    Liu, L.5    Kollef, M.6
  • 102
    • 85044706288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of isolation policies in the hospital management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a review of the literature with epidemiological and economic modelling
    • Cooper B., Stone S., Kibbler C., et al. Systematic review of isolation policies in the hospital management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a review of the literature with epidemiological and economic modelling. Health Technol Assess 7 (2003) 1-194
    • (2003) Health Technol Assess , vol.7 , pp. 1-194
    • Cooper, B.1    Stone, S.2    Kibbler, C.3
  • 103
    • 0018867805 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the extra charges and prolongation of hospitalization due to nosocomial infections: a comparison of methods
    • Haley R., Schaberg D., Von Allmen S., and McGowan J. Estimating the extra charges and prolongation of hospitalization due to nosocomial infections: a comparison of methods. J Infect Dis 141 (1980) 248-257
    • (1980) J Infect Dis , vol.141 , pp. 248-257
    • Haley, R.1    Schaberg, D.2    Von Allmen, S.3    McGowan, J.4
  • 104
    • 0031813199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trying to control MRSA causes more problems than it solves
    • Barrett S., Mummery R., and Chattopadhyay B. Trying to control MRSA causes more problems than it solves. J Hosp Infect 39 (1998) 85-93
    • (1998) J Hosp Infect , vol.39 , pp. 85-93
    • Barrett, S.1    Mummery, R.2    Chattopadhyay, B.3
  • 105
    • 0034930164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five-year surveillance of patients with communicable diseases nursed in isolation
    • Beaujean D., Blok H., Gigengack-Baars A., et al. Five-year surveillance of patients with communicable diseases nursed in isolation. J Hosp Infect 47 (2001) 210-217
    • (2001) J Hosp Infect , vol.47 , pp. 210-217
    • Beaujean, D.1    Blok, H.2    Gigengack-Baars, A.3
  • 106
    • 0036735729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bed utilization of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Canadian tertiary-care center
    • Cooper C., Dyck B., Ormiston D., et al. Bed utilization of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Canadian tertiary-care center. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 23 (2002) 483-484
    • (2002) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.23 , pp. 483-484
    • Cooper, C.1    Dyck, B.2    Ormiston, D.3
  • 107
    • 0141645534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Additional costs for preventing the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and a strategy for reducing these costs on a surgical ward
    • Herr C., Heckrodt T., Hofmann F., Schnettler R., and Eikmann T. Additional costs for preventing the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and a strategy for reducing these costs on a surgical ward. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 24 (2003) 673-678
    • (2003) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.24 , pp. 673-678
    • Herr, C.1    Heckrodt, T.2    Hofmann, F.3    Schnettler, R.4    Eikmann, T.5
  • 109
    • 0033158814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening high-risk patients for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on admission to the hospital: is it cost effective?
    • Papia G., Louie M., Tralla A., Johnson C., Collins V., and Simor A. Screening high-risk patients for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on admission to the hospital: is it cost effective?. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 20 (1999) 473-477
    • (1999) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.20 , pp. 473-477
    • Papia, G.1    Louie, M.2    Tralla, A.3    Johnson, C.4    Collins, V.5    Simor, A.6
  • 110
    • 0036451322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs associated with a strict policy to eradicate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Dutch University Medical Center: a 10-year survey
    • Vriens M., Blok H., Fluit A., Troelstra A., Van Der Werken C., and Verhoef J. Costs associated with a strict policy to eradicate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Dutch University Medical Center: a 10-year survey. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 21 (2002) 782-786
    • (2002) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.21 , pp. 782-786
    • Vriens, M.1    Blok, H.2    Fluit, A.3    Troelstra, A.4    Van Der Werken, C.5    Verhoef, J.6
  • 111
    • 19944434367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of patients in single rooms or cohorts to reduce spread of MRSA in intensive-care units: prospective two-centre study
    • Cepeda J., Whitehouse T., Cooper B., et al. Isolation of patients in single rooms or cohorts to reduce spread of MRSA in intensive-care units: prospective two-centre study. Lancet 365 (2005) 295-304
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 295-304
    • Cepeda, J.1    Whitehouse, T.2    Cooper, B.3
  • 112
    • 33645796209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: quantifying the effects of interventions and rapid diagnostic testing
    • Bootsma M., Diekmann O., and Bonten M. Controlling methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: quantifying the effects of interventions and rapid diagnostic testing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 (2006) 5620-5625
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , pp. 5620-5625
    • Bootsma, M.1    Diekmann, O.2    Bonten, M.3
  • 113
    • 20944442517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and economic evaluation of severe sepsis in France: age, severity, infection site, and place of acquisition (community, hospital, or intensive care unit) as determinants of workload and cost
    • Adrie C., Alberti C., Chaix-Couturier C., et al. Epidemiology and economic evaluation of severe sepsis in France: age, severity, infection site, and place of acquisition (community, hospital, or intensive care unit) as determinants of workload and cost. J Crit Care 20 (2005) 46-58
    • (2005) J Crit Care , vol.20 , pp. 46-58
    • Adrie, C.1    Alberti, C.2    Chaix-Couturier, C.3
  • 114
    • 0031967825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors and outcome of nosocomial infections: results of a matched case-control study of ICU patients
    • Girou E., Stephan F., Novara A., Safar M., and Fagon J. Risk factors and outcome of nosocomial infections: results of a matched case-control study of ICU patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157 (1998) 1151-1158
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.157 , pp. 1151-1158
    • Girou, E.1    Stephan, F.2    Novara, A.3    Safar, M.4    Fagon, J.5
  • 115
    • 0036795926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staffing requirements for infection control programs in US health care facilities: Delphi project
    • O'Boyle C., Jackson M., and Henly S. Staffing requirements for infection control programs in US health care facilities: Delphi project. Am J Infect Control 30 (2002) 321-333
    • (2002) Am J Infect Control , vol.30 , pp. 321-333
    • O'Boyle, C.1    Jackson, M.2    Henly, S.3
  • 116
    • 0034978642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing excess nurse work load generated by multiresistant nosocomial bacteria in intensive care
    • Saulnier F., Hubert H., Onimus T., et al. Assessing excess nurse work load generated by multiresistant nosocomial bacteria in intensive care. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 22 (2001) 273-278
    • (2001) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.22 , pp. 273-278
    • Saulnier, F.1    Hubert, H.2    Onimus, T.3
  • 117
    • 0033544388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of endemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a cost-benefit analysis in an intensive care unit
    • Chaix C., Durand-Zaleski I., Alberti C., and Brun-Buisson C. Control of endemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a cost-benefit analysis in an intensive care unit. JAMA 282 (1999) 1745-1751
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.282 , pp. 1745-1751
    • Chaix, C.1    Durand-Zaleski, I.2    Alberti, C.3    Brun-Buisson, C.4
  • 118
    • 0141757363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of healthcare workers in outbreaks of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a 10-year evaluation from a Dutch university hospital
    • Blok H., Troelstra A., Kamp-Hopmans T., et al. Role of healthcare workers in outbreaks of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a 10-year evaluation from a Dutch university hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 24 (2003) 679-685
    • (2003) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.24 , pp. 679-685
    • Blok, H.1    Troelstra, A.2    Kamp-Hopmans, T.3
  • 119
    • 0030953821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies for the management of healthcare staff colonized with epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • Cox R., and Conquest C. Strategies for the management of healthcare staff colonized with epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Hosp Infect 35 (1997) 117-127
    • (1997) J Hosp Infect , vol.35 , pp. 117-127
    • Cox, R.1    Conquest, C.2
  • 120
    • 13344284555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bed, bath and beyond: pitfalls in prompt eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrier status in healthcare workers
    • Kniehl E., Becker A., and Forster D. Bed, bath and beyond: pitfalls in prompt eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrier status in healthcare workers. J Hosp Infect 59 (2005) 180-187
    • (2005) J Hosp Infect , vol.59 , pp. 180-187
    • Kniehl, E.1    Becker, A.2    Forster, D.3
  • 121
    • 0035175024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GRASPing infection: a workload measurement tool for infection control nurses
    • Trundle C., Farrington M., Anderson L., and Redpath C. GRASPing infection: a workload measurement tool for infection control nurses. J Hosp Infect 49 (2001) 215-221
    • (2001) J Hosp Infect , vol.49 , pp. 215-221
    • Trundle, C.1    Farrington, M.2    Anderson, L.3    Redpath, C.4
  • 122
    • 0009666778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS): susceptibility testing of invasive Staphylococcus aureus
    • Veldhuijzen I., Bronzwaer S., Degener J., and Kool J. European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS): susceptibility testing of invasive Staphylococcus aureus. Euro Surveill 5 (2000) 34-36
    • (2000) Euro Surveill , vol.5 , pp. 34-36
    • Veldhuijzen, I.1    Bronzwaer, S.2    Degener, J.3    Kool, J.4
  • 123
    • 45749093196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Centre for Antimicrobials and Infection Control, Staphylococcus Laboratory, National Centre for Antimicrobials and Infection Control (Staten Serums Institut), Copenhagen
    • National Centre for Antimicrobials and Infection Control. Annual report on Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia cases in Denmark (2002), Staphylococcus Laboratory, National Centre for Antimicrobials and Infection Control (Staten Serums Institut), Copenhagen
    • (2002) Annual report on Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia cases in Denmark
  • 124
    • 45749135255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection Control Service, Communicable Disease Control Branch, Infection Control Service, South Australia Department of Health, Adelaide
    • Infection Control Service. South Australian statewide 2005 nosocomial multi-resistant organism (MRO) report (2006), Communicable Disease Control Branch, Infection Control Service, South Australia Department of Health, Adelaide
    • (2006) South Australian statewide 2005 nosocomial multi-resistant organism (MRO) report
  • 125
    • 84860201859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centre for Infections, Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Department, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London
    • Centre for Infections. Surveillance of Healthcare Associated Infections report 2007 (2007), Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Department, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London
    • (2007) Surveillance of Healthcare Associated Infections report 2007
  • 127
    • 0021910709 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of infection surveillance and control programmes in preventing nosocomial infections in US hospitals
    • Haley R., White J., Culver D., et al. The efficacy of infection surveillance and control programmes in preventing nosocomial infections in US hospitals. Am J Epidemiol 121 (1985) 182-205
    • (1985) Am J Epidemiol , vol.121 , pp. 182-205
    • Haley, R.1    White, J.2    Culver, D.3
  • 128
    • 0347906291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The preventable proportion of nosocomial infections: an overview of published reports
    • Harbarth S., Sax H., and Gastmeier P. The preventable proportion of nosocomial infections: an overview of published reports. J Hosp Infect 54 (2003) 258-266
    • (2003) J Hosp Infect , vol.54 , pp. 258-266
    • Harbarth, S.1    Sax, H.2    Gastmeier, P.3
  • 129
    • 0029867014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of contact isolation during a hospital outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • Jernigan J., Titus M., Groschel D., Getchell-White S., and Farr B. Effectiveness of contact isolation during a hospital outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Am J Epidemiol 143 (1996) 496-504
    • (1996) Am J Epidemiol , vol.143 , pp. 496-504
    • Jernigan, J.1    Titus, M.2    Groschel, D.3    Getchell-White, S.4    Farr, B.5
  • 130
    • 0031757742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A control programme for MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) containment in a paediatric intensive care unit: evaluation and impact on infections caused by other micro-organisms
    • Cosseron-Zerbib M., Roque A.A., Naas T., et al. A control programme for MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) containment in a paediatric intensive care unit: evaluation and impact on infections caused by other micro-organisms. J Hosp Infect 40 (1998) 225-235
    • (1998) J Hosp Infect , vol.40 , pp. 225-235
    • Cosseron-Zerbib, M.1    Roque, A.A.2    Naas, T.3
  • 131
    • 19744363892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost analysis of a hospital-wide selective screening programme for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers in the context of diagnosis related groups (DRG) payment
    • Wernitz M., Keck S., Swidsinski S., Schulz S., and Veit S. Cost analysis of a hospital-wide selective screening programme for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers in the context of diagnosis related groups (DRG) payment. Clin Microbiol Infect 11 (2005) 466-471
    • (2005) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.11 , pp. 466-471
    • Wernitz, M.1    Keck, S.2    Swidsinski, S.3    Schulz, S.4    Veit, S.5
  • 132
    • 0029444854 scopus 로고
    • Control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a university hospital: one decade later
    • Jernigan J., Clemence M., Stott G., et al. Control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a university hospital: one decade later. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 16 (1995) 686-696
    • (1995) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.16 , pp. 686-696
    • Jernigan, J.1    Clemence, M.2    Stott, G.3
  • 133
    • 4644319652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-savings achieved by eradication of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA)-16 from a large teaching hospital
    • Bjorholt I., and Haglind E. Cost-savings achieved by eradication of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA)-16 from a large teaching hospital. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 23 (2004) 688-695
    • (2004) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.23 , pp. 688-695
    • Bjorholt, I.1    Haglind, E.2
  • 134
    • 0036599282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of active surveillance cultures and contact/droplet precautions for control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • Karchmer T., Durbin L., Simonton B., and Farr B. Cost-effectiveness of active surveillance cultures and contact/droplet precautions for control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Hosp Infect 51 (2002) 126-132
    • (2002) J Hosp Infect , vol.51 , pp. 126-132
    • Karchmer, T.1    Durbin, L.2    Simonton, B.3    Farr, B.4
  • 135
    • 0029338301 scopus 로고
    • Control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a hospital and an intensive care unit
    • Hartstein A., Denny M., Morthland V., LeMonte A., and Pfaller M. Control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a hospital and an intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 16 (1995) 405-411
    • (1995) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.16 , pp. 405-411
    • Hartstein, A.1    Denny, M.2    Morthland, V.3    LeMonte, A.4    Pfaller, M.5
  • 136
    • 0028047194 scopus 로고
    • Elimination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a neonatal intensive care unit after hand washing with triclosan
    • Webster J., Faoagali J., and Cartwright D. Elimination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a neonatal intensive care unit after hand washing with triclosan. J Paediatr Child Health 30 (1994) 59-64
    • (1994) J Paediatr Child Health , vol.30 , pp. 59-64
    • Webster, J.1    Faoagali, J.2    Cartwright, D.3
  • 137
    • 0029020337 scopus 로고
    • Use of 0·3% triclosan (Bacti-Stat) to eradicate an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a neonatal nursery
    • Zafar A., Butler R., Reese D., Gaydos L., and Mennonna P. Use of 0·3% triclosan (Bacti-Stat) to eradicate an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a neonatal nursery. Am J Infect Control 23 (1995) 200-208
    • (1995) Am J Infect Control , vol.23 , pp. 200-208
    • Zafar, A.1    Butler, R.2    Reese, D.3    Gaydos, L.4    Mennonna, P.5
  • 138
    • 1842536782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economics and preventing hospital-acquired infections
    • Graves N. Economics and preventing hospital-acquired infections. Emerg Infect Dis 10 (2004) 561-566
    • (2004) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.10 , pp. 561-566
    • Graves, N.1
  • 139
    • 33847708406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economics and preventing hospital-acquired infection: broadening the perspective
    • Graves N., Halton K., and Lairson D. Economics and preventing hospital-acquired infection: broadening the perspective. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 28 (2007) 178-184
    • (2007) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.28 , pp. 178-184
    • Graves, N.1    Halton, K.2    Lairson, D.3
  • 140
    • 33645092640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital overcrowding: a threat to patient safety? Managing access block involves reducing hospital demand and optimising bed capacity
    • Cameron P. Hospital overcrowding: a threat to patient safety? Managing access block involves reducing hospital demand and optimising bed capacity. Med J Aust 184 (2006) 203-204
    • (2006) Med J Aust , vol.184 , pp. 203-204
    • Cameron, P.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.