An overview of rubber recycling

Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 73-112

  Bandyopadhyay, S ^a   Agrawal, S L ^a   Ameta, R ^a   Dasgupta, S ^a   Mukhopadhyay, R ^a   Deuri, A S ^b   Ameta, Suresh C ^c   Ameta, Rakshit ^c  

^a Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer and Tyre Research Institute HASETRI   (India)

^b R and D Centre   (India)

^c M L SUKHADIA UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY; GASOLINE; PETROLEUM INDUSTRY; PROPELLANTS; RECYCLING; ROCKETS; RUBBER; SCRAP METAL REPROCESSING;

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGY; PETROLEUM PRICES; RECYCLED MATERIALS; RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY; ROCKET PROPELLANTS; RUBBER RECYCLING; TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT;

RUBBER INDUSTRY;

EID: 45549104481     PISSN: 14777606     EISSN: 14782413     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/147776060802400201     Document Type: Review

References (197)

1. nd edition, ed. Lund, H.E., a McGraw - Hill Publication, New York, 2001.
2. Klingensmith W. and Baranwal C.K., Rubber World, p. 41, June 1998.
3. Myhre M. and MacKillop D.A., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 75 (2002) 429.
4. Jang J., Yoo T., Oh J. and Iwasaki I., Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 22 (1998)1.
5. Paul J., in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Mark H.F. and Kroschwitz, I., ed., New York, Wiley, 14 (1988) 787.
6. Scrap Tyre Management Council Report, 2006.
7. Miller R.D., "Managing Scrap Tyres: What Roles Should State and Local Government Play?", U.S. Department of Energy, February 1987.
8. Lemieux P. and Ryan J.V., Air Waste, 43 (1996) 1106.
9. Mosquitos' disease and scrap tyres: http:/www.uri.edu/research/eee/tires. html.
10. Lieu H.S., Mead J.L. and Stacer R.G., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 73 (2000) 551.
11. Adhikary B., De D. and Maiti S., Progress in Polymer Science, 25 (2000) 909.
12. Manuel H.J., Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 54 (2001) 101.
13. Warner W.C., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 67 (1996) 559.
14. Rothemeyer F., Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 46 (1993) 356.
15. Baranwal C.K., paper presented at International Conference on Rubbers, 12 - 14 December 1997, Kolkata.
16. Dunn J.R., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 26 - 29 October, 1993, Orlando.
17. Smith F.G., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, 26 - 29 October 1993, Orlando.
18. De S.K., Progress in Rubber and Plastics Technology, 17 (2001) 113.
19. Mangaraj D., paper presented at International Conference on Rubbers, 12 - 14 December 1997, Kolkata.
20. Klingensmith W., Rubber World, p. 16, March 1991.
21. Brown D.A. and Watson W.F., Paper presented at the International Rubber Forum 2000, 9 November 2000, Antewarp.
22. Donovan P., Solid Waste Technologies, p. 26, November 1997.
23. Amme R.C., Meredith G., Gould N. and Laramie N., "Scrap tires in full swing." Resources Recycling, 22 (2003) 32.
24. Synder R.H., "Scrap Tyre Disposal and Reuse", Warrandale, PA, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1998.
25. Humphrey D., Whetten N.N., Weaver J., Recker K. and Cosgrove T.A., "Tire Shreds as Lightweight Fill for Embankments and Retaining Walls," Proceedings of Conference on Geotechnical Application of Recycle Material, ASCE, p. 15, 1998.
26. Jesionek K.S., Humphrey D.N. and Dunn R.J., "Overview of Shredded Tire Application in Landfills," Proceedings of Tire Industry Conference, Clemson University, p.12, March 1998.
27. Hannon J.B. and Forsyth R.A., "Field Study of Shredded Tire Embankment", CA-DOT-TL-2124-1-72-25, Transportation Laboratory, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, CA.
28. Winters P., "Use of Tire Chips on a Highway Embankment," Research Update U91-05 Materials Research Division, Agency of Transportation, Montpelier, VT.
29. "Showcase Highway Repaired with Recycled Materials," Civil Engineering News, 6 (1995) 9.
30. Benson C., Resources Recycling, 14 (1995) 71.
31. "Uses of Tires in Highway Construction," ME-DO-L-9, 1991.
32. Emery J., Transportation, Resources and Recycling, 1515 (1995) 37.
33. Goetz M.R., "Review of Studies Conducted to Evaluate Environmental Concerns of Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt", Research for Asphalt Institute, USA, p. 65,1994.
34. Yu D.W., Xanthers H. and Gogos C.G., Polymer Material Science and Engineering, 67 (1992) 313.
35. Van Kirk J., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 21 - 24 September, 1999, Orlando.
36. Deaxin R.D. and Hashemiolya S.M., Polymer Material Science and Engineering, 8 (1987) 212.
37. Rodriguez E.L., Polymer Engineering and Science, 28 (1988) 1455.
38. Rajalingam P. and Baker W.E., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 65 (1992) 908.
39. Rajalingam P. and Baker W.E., Proceedings of Annual Technology Conference, Society of Plastic Engineering, 1992, ANTEC, Detroit.
40. ASTM F 335 - 1986, Test Method for Shock Absorbing Properties of Playing Surface Systems and Material, ASTM Book Standard 15.07, p. 193.
41. Mark H.F., Bikales N.M., Overberger C.G. and Menges G., Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, a Willey Publication, 14 (1988) 787.
42. Lee S., Azzam F.O. and Kocher B.S., US Patent, 5516952, 1996.
43. Slusarski L., Recycling of Polymers, Ed. Bledzki A.K., WNT, Warsaw, p. 106, 1997.
44. Gawel I. and Slusarski L., Progress in Rubber and Plastics Technology, 15 (1999) 235.
45. Dierkes W., Rubber World, p. 25, May 1996.
46. LaGrone B., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, USA, 22 - 24 May, 1995, Akron.
47. Payne E., Rubber World, p. 22, May 1994.
48. Owen E.W., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 17 (1944) 544.
49. Le Beau D.S., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 21 (1948) 895.
50. Cook W.C., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 21 (1948) 166.
51. Le Beau D.S., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 22 (1949) 560.
52. Amberlang J.C. and Smith Jr., G.E.P., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 28 (1955) 322.
53. Ball J.M., "Introduction to Rubber Technology," Morton M., ed., van Nostrand Rheinhold, ch. 7, 1959.
54. Paul J., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 4-7 October 1977, Cleveland.
55. Nourry Editor A., "Reclaimed Rubber its Development, Application and Future," MacLaren and Sons, London, 1962.
56. Le Beau D.S., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 40 (1967) 217.
57. Stafford W.G. and Wright R.A. in "Applied Science of Rubber", Ch. 4, Naunton W.J.S. Ed. E. Arnold, London, 1961.
58. nd edition, Maclauren and Sons, London, 1962.
59. Sreeja and Kutty S.K.N., Polymer Plastics Technology and Engineering, 39 (2000) 501.
60. Nelson P.A. and Kutty S.K.N., Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology, 18 (2002) 85.
61. Suma N. and Joseph R., International Journal of Polymeric Materials, 21 (1993) 127.
62. Aziz Y. and Amu A., Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 45 (1992) 862.
63. Block E., Iyer R., Grisoni S., Saha C., Belman S. and Lossing F.P., Journal of American Society, 110 (1988) 7813.
64. Coran A.Y., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 68 (1995) 351.
65. Bateman L., "The Chemistry and Physics of Rubber like Substances," Maclaren, London, 1963 (Chapter 4).
66. Fesus E.M. and Eggleton R.W., Rubber World, p.23, March 1991.
67. Rouse M.W., Rubber World, p.25, June 1992.
68. Capelle G. and Hunziker P., Rubber World, p.21, July 1992.
69. Myhre M.J. and Mackillop D.A., Rubber World, p. 42, May 1996.
70. Khait K., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 19 - 22 April, 1994, Chicago.
71. Khait K., Rubber World, p. 38, May 1997.
72. Khait K., "Solid State Shear Pulverisation," Technomics, Lancaster, 2001.
73. Watson W.F., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 21 - 24, September 1999, Orlando.
74. Hamed G.R. and Gibala D., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 67 (1994) 636.
75. Hamed G.R., Gibala D., Laohapisitpanich K. and Thomas D., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 69 (1996) 115.
76. Hamed G.R., Gibala D. and Zhao J., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 71 (1998) 861.
77. Hamed G.R., Gibala D. and Thomas D., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 72 (1999) 357.
78. Kim J.K., and Burford R.P., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 71 (1998) 1028.
79. Bauman B.D., Rubber World, p. 30, May 1995.
80. Naskar A.K., De S.K., Bhowmick A.K., Pramanik P.K. and Mukhopadhyay R., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 74 (2001) 645.
81. th International Seminar on Elastomers, 16 - 17 December, 1998, Bangkok.
82. th International Seminar on Elastomers, 16-17 December, 1998, Bangkok.
83. Fesus E., McGrath S. and Stark F.J., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 21 - 24 May 1991, Toronto.
84. Fesus E., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 19 - 22 April 1994, Chicago.
85. Myhre M.J. and MacKillop D.A., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 17 - 20 October 1995, Cleveland.
86. Jacob C., De P.P., Bhowmick A.K. and De S.K., Plastics Rubber Composites, 31 (2002) 4.
87. Jacob C., De P.P. and De S.K., Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 31 (2001) 293.
88. Grigoryeva O.,FainleibA.,Starostenko O.,Danilenko I.,Kozak N.and Dudarenko G., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 76 (2004) 131.
89. Kim J. K., Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 74 (1999) 3137.
90. Sombatsompop N., Journal of Elastomer and Plastics, 31 (1999) 37.
91. Sombatsompop N., Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 74 (1999) 1129.
92. Sombatsompop N., Polymer: Plastics Technology and Engineering, 37 (1999) 1.
93. Moreira V.X. and Soares B.G., Polymer and Polymer Composites, 10 (2002) 381.
94. Rajalingam P. and Baker W.E., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 65 (1992) 908.
95. Rajalingam P., Sharpe J. and Baker W.E., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 66 (1993) 664.
96. th PPS Meeting, 4-8 May 1994, Akron.
97. Pramanik P.K. and Baker W.E., Plastics Rubber and Composites Processing Applications, 24 (1995) 229.
98. Oliphant K. and Baker W.E., Polymer Engineering and Science, 33 (1993) 166.
99. Michael H., Scholz H. and Mennig G., Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 52 (1999) 510.
100. Kim J.K., Lee S.H. and Hwant S.H., Eylasutoma, 36 (2001) 86.
101. Deanin R.D.and Hashemiolya S.M., Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, 57 (1997) 212.
102. Osborn J.D., Rubber World, p. 34,May 1995.
103. Bhattacharya S.N. and Sbraski I., paper presented at International Conference on Rubbers, 12 - 14 December 1997, Kolkata.
104. Naskar A.K., Bhowmick A.K. and De S.K., Polymer Engineering and Science, 41 (2001) 1087.
105. Al-Malaika S. and Amir E.J., Polymer Degradation and Stability, 26 (1993) 31.
106. Liu H.S., Mead J.L. and Stacer R.G., paper presented at the meeting of Rubber Division, ACS, 4-6 April 2000, Dallas.
107. Kumar C.R., De S.K. and Bhowmick A.K., Polymer Degradation and Stability, 6 (2002) 137.
108. Anandhan S., De P.P., Bhowmick A.K., De S.K. and Bandyopadhyay S., Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 90 (2003) 2348.
109. Choudhury N.R. and Bhattacharya S.N., Plastics Rubber and Composites Processing Applications, 25 (1996) 448.
110. Schmidt U. and Reinke D., Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 45 (1992) 669.
111. Fuhrmann I. and Karger-Kocsis J., Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 52 (1999) 836.
112. Klupel M., Kuhrcke A. and Schuster R.H., Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 50 (1997) 373.
113. Amash A., Giese U. and Schuster R.H., Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 55 (2002) 218.
114. Duhaime J.R.M. and Baker W.E., Plastics Rubber Composites Processing Application, 15 (1991) 87.
115. Fuhrmann I., Karger-Kocsis J., Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 56 (2003) 42.
116. Scheirs J., Polymer Recycling: Science, Technology and Applications, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1998.
117. Markham R.L., "Elastomer Technology Handbook," P. Cheremisinoff, ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, Ch. 2, 2005.
118. Mangaraj D., Parson A. and Markham R., Battelle Multi-Client Report on Compatibilisation of Polymer Blends, 1994.
119. Mangaraj D., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 78 (2005) 536.
120. Bagheri R., Williams M.A. and Pearson R.A., Polymer Engineering and Science, 37 (1997) 245.
121. Xu Z., Losur N.S. and Gardner S.D., Journal of Advanced Materials, 30 (1998) 11.
122. Pritchard G.: Plastics Additives: An A-Z Reference, Chapman & Hall, London, 1998.
123. Naskar A.K., De S.K. and Bhowmick A.K., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 74 (2002) 645.
124. Schuster R.H., Angewandte Makromolekule Chemie, 47 (1994) 896.
125. Olabisi O., Robeson L.M. and Shaw M.T., Polymer-Polymer Miscibility, New York Academic Press, 1979.
126. Naskar A.K., De S.K. and BhowmickA.K., Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 84 (2002) 370.
127. Adam G., Sebenik A., Osredkar U., Veksil Z. and Ranogajec F., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 63 (1990) 660.
128. Abdel-Bary E.M., Dessouki A.M., El-Nesr E.M., Hassan M.M., Polymer Plastics Technology and Engineering, 36 (1997) 241.
129. Adam G., Sebenik A., Osredkar U., Veksil Z. and Ranogajec F., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 64 (1991) 133.
130. Soares B.G., Gomes A.C.O., Moreira V.X. and Oliveira M.G., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 78 (2005) 1.
131. Stark F.J., Wagner D.P., Fesus E. and Jakush E., paper presented at a meeting of Rubber Division, ACS, 21-24 September 1999, Orlando.
132. Mahlke D., Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 46 (1993) 889.
133. Mahlke D., Nordic Rubber Conference, Helsinger, May 1993.
134. Dietrich K.M. and Burns B J., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 21-24 September 2000, Orlando.
135. Baranwal K., Rogers J.W. and Standley P.M., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 29 September to 2 October, 1998, Nashville.
136. Myhre M.J. and MacKillop D.A., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 17 - 20 October 1995, Cleveland.
137. Klingensmith W., Kelly K., Morris I. and Niloski V., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 29 September to 2 October 1998, Nashville.
138. Mouri M., Sato N., Okamoto H., Matsuhita M., Fukumori K., Honda H. and Nakashima K., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, 13 - 16 April, 1999, Chicago.
139. Kostanski L.K., Macgregor J. F., Burgoyue M.D., Pattenden T.W., Kolinski A., Schnekenburger M., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 29 September to 2 October 1998, Nashville.
140. Kolinski A., Banes T. Paszkoneski G. and Haber A., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 21 - 24 September 1999, Orlando.
141. Schnekenberger M., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 17 - 20 October, 1995, Cleveland.
142. Kolinski A., Barnes T., Schnekerberger M. and Adams J., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 29 September to 2 October 1998, Nashville.
143. Dierkes W., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 17 - 20 October, 1995, Cleveland.
144. Dierkes W., Tire Technology International, Annual Issue, p. 170, 1998.
145. Dierkes W., Leeuw H. and Manuel H.J., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 29 September to 2 October 1998, Nashville.
146. Manuel H.J. and Dierkes W., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 21 - 24 September 1999, Orlando.
147. Sekhar B.C., Kormer V.A. and Sotnikova E.N., Tire Technology International, p. 87, 1996.
148. Hon K.K., Siesseger F., Sekhar B.C. and Sin S.W., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 17-20 October 1995, Cleveland.
149. Newell R., paper presented at the International Rubber Conference, June 1996, Manchester.
150. Kohler R. and O'Neill J., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 8 - 11 October 1995, Louisville.
151. De D., Adhikary B. and Maiti S., Journal of Polymeric Materials, 14 (1997) 333.
152. De D., Maiti S. and Adhikary B., Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 73 (1999) 2951.
153. De D., Maiti S. and Adhikary B., Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 75 (2000) 1493.
154. De D., Maiti S. and Adhikary B., Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 53 (2000) 346.
155. Hunt J.R. and Hall J.D., US Patent 5,362,759, 1994.
156. Boron T. and Roberson P., Tire Technology International, Annual Issue, p. 82, 1996.
157. Isayev A.I., Chen J. and Tukachinsky A., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 68 (1995) 267.
158. Tukachinsky A., Schworm D. and Isayev A.I., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 69 (1996) 92.
159. Levin V. Yu. Kim S.H., Isayev A.I., Massey J. and von Meerwall E., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 69 (1996) 104.
160. Levin V. Yu. Kim S.H. and Isayev A.I., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 70 (1997) 120.
161. Johnson S.T., Massey J., von Meerwall E., Kim S.H., Levin V.Yu. and Isayev A.I., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 70 (1997) 183.
162. Isayev A.I., Kim S.H. and Levin V. Yu., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 70 (1997) 194.
163. Levin V.Yu., Kim S.H. and Isayev A.I., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 70 (1997) 641.
164. Yushanov S.P., Isayev A.I. and Kim S.H., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 71 (1998) 168.
165. Isayev A.I., Chen J. and Yushanov S.P., in "Simulation of Materials Processing: Theory, Methods and Application," S.F. Shen and P. Dawson ed. Balkema, Rotterdam, p. 77, 1995.
166. Isayev A.I., Yushanov S.P. and Chen J., Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 59 (1996) 803.
167. Yashin V.V. and Isayev A.I., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 72 (1999) 741.
168. Yashin V.V. and Isayev A.I., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 73 (2000) 325.
169. Shim S.E. and Isayev A.I., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 74 (2001) 303.
170. Santos E.A.G., Corral F.S., Gonjalez M.J.L. and Garcia R.C., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 72 (1999) 854.
171. Yun J., Oh J.S. and Isayev A.I., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 74 (2001) 317.
172. Oh J.S. and Isayev A.I., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 75 (2002) 617.
173. Yun J. and Isayev A.I., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 76 (2003) 253.
174. Isayev A.I., Kim S.H. and Feng W., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 78 (2005) 606.
175. Maridass B. and Gupta B.R., Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 56 (2003) 232.
176. Berzin F. and Vergnes B., Polymer Engineering and Science, 40 (2000) 344.
177. Morin J.E., Willams D.E. and Farris R.J., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 75 (2002) 955.
178. Kim J.K., Hwang S.H. and Lee S.H., Rubber World, p. 15, April 2005.
179. Kojima M., Ogawa K., Mizoshima H., Tosaka M., Kohija S. and Ikeda Y., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 76 (2003) 957.
180. Loffler M., Neumann W., Straube E. and Straube G., Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 48 (1995) 454.
181. Romaine R.A. and Romaine F., Polymer Degradation and Stability, 59 (1998) 353.
182. Linos A. and Steinbuchel A., Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 51 (1998) 496.
183. Seal K.J., Biodeterioration, 2 (1988) 295.
184. Cain R.B., Microbial Degradation of Synthetic Polymers, Fry J.C., Cadd G.M., Herbert R.A., Jones C.W. and Watson-Craik R.A., ed. Microbial Control of Pollution, Cambridge University Press, London, p. 293, 1992.
185. Zyska B.J., Microbial Deterioration of Rubber, Houghton D.R., Smith R.N. and Eggins O.W., ed. Biodeterioration, Elsevier Applied Science, London, p. 535, 1988.
186. Holst O., Stenberg B. and Christianson M, Biodeterioration, 9 (1998) 301.
187. Romine R.A., Romine M.F. and Snowden-Swan L., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 17 - 20 October 1995, Cleveland.
188. Manuel H.J. and Dierkes W., RAPRA Review Report, IRSG, 1995.
189. Roy C., Labrecque B. and de Caumia B., Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 4 (1990) 203.
190. Darmstadt H., Roy C. and Kaliaguine S., Carbon, 33 (1995) 1449.
191. Fader J.H., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 17 - 20 October, 1995, Cleveland.
192. Fader J.H., paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, 17 - 19 October, 2000, Cincinnati.
193. Darmstadt H., Roy C., Kaliaguine S., Sahouli B., Pirard R. and Brousers F. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 68 (1995) 330.
194. Stelzer F., Hummel K., Sommer F., Barrmegger A.E. and Ch. Lesiak M., Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 60 (1987) 600.
195. Patel A.C., Journal of Elastomer and Plastics, 31 (1999) 213.
196. Bhadra S., De P.P., Mandal N., Mukhopadhyay R. and Dasgupta S., Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 89 (2003) 465.
197. Mandal N., Dasgupta S. and Mukhopadhyay R., Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology, 21 (2005) 55.