A pilot-scale study of alkali-catalyzed sunflower oil transesterification with static mixing and with mechanical agitation

Energy and Fuels

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 1493-1501

  Frascari, Dario ^a   Zuccaro, Michele ^a   Pinelli, Davide ^a   Paglianti, Alessandro ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIODIESEL; ESTERIFICATION; INDUSTRIAL PLANTS; MASS TRANSFER; METHANOL; MIXERS (MACHINERY); MIXING; RHENIUM; TRANSESTERIFICATION; VEGETABLE OILS;

BATCH TESTS; BIODIESEL PRODUCTIONS; CATALYST CONCENTRATIONS; ENERGY REQUIREMENTS; MASS TRANSFER LIMITATIONS; MECHANICAL AGITATIONS; OIL MOLAR RATIOS; REACTION CONDITIONS; ROTATIONAL SPEEDS; SM TESTS; SMV STATIC MIXERS; STATIC MIXERS; STATIC MIXING; SUNFLOWER OILS; SUPERFICIAL VELOCITIES; TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESSES;

TESTING;

EID: 45449119372     PISSN: 08870624     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ef700584h     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Ma, F.; Hanna, M. A. Biodiesel production: a review. Biores. Technol. 1999, 70, 1-15.
2. Fukuda, H.; Kondo, A.; Noda, H. Biodiesel fuel production by transesterification of oils. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2001, 92, 405-416.
3. Van Gerpen, J. Biodiesel processing and production. Fuel Process. Technol. 2005, 86, 1097-1107.
4. Marchetti, J. M.; Miguel, V. U.; Errazu, A. F. Possible methods for biodiesel production. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 2007, 11, 1300-1311.
5. Srivastava, A.; Prasad, R. Triglycerides-based diesel fuels. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 2000, 4, 111-133.
6. Lopez Granados, M.; Zafra Poves, M. D.; Martin Alonso, D.; Mariscal, R.; Cabello Galisteo, F.; Moreno-Tost, R.; Santamaria, J.; Fierro, J. L. G. Biodiesel from sunflower oil by using activated calcium oxide. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2007, 73, 317-326.
7. Bambase, M. E. Jr.; Nakamura, N.; Tanaka, J.; Matsumura, M. Kinetics of hydroxide-catalyzed methanolysis of crude sunflower oil for the production of fuel-grade methyl esters. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2007, 82, 273-280.
8. Vicente, G.; Martinez, M.; Aracil, J.; Esteban, A. Kinetics of sunflower oil methanolysis. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2005, 44, 5447-5454.
9. Komers, K.; Skopal, F.; Stloukal, R.; Machek, J. Kinetics and mechanism of the KOH-catalyzed methanolysis of rapseed oil for biodiesel production. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 2002, 104, 728-737.
10. Goff, M. J.; Bauer, N. S.; Lopes, S.; Sutterlin, W. R.; Suppes, G. J. Acid-catalyzed alcoholysis of soybean oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 2004, 81, 415-420.
11. Ataya, F.; Dubè, M. A.; Ternan, M. Acid-catalyzed transesterification of canola oil to biodiesel under single- and two-phase reaction conditions. Energy Fuels 2007, 21, 2450-2459.
12. Dorado, M. P.; Ballestros, E.; Lopez, F. J.; Mittlebach, M. Optimization of alkali-catalyzed transesterification of Brassica carinata oil for biodiesel production. Energy Fuels 2004, 18, 77-83.
13. Ma, F.; Clements, L. D.; Hanna, M. A. The effect of mixing on the transesterification of beef tallow. Biores. Technol. 1999, 69, 289-293.
14. Freedman, B.; Butterfield, R. O.; Pryde, E. H. Transesterification kinetics of soybean oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 1986, 63, 1375-1380.
15. Vicente, G.; Coteron, A.; Martinez, M.; Aracil, J. Application of the factorial design of experiments and response surface methodology to optimize biodiesel production. Ind. Crop. Prod. 1998, 8, 29-35.
16. Darnoko, D.; Cheryan, M. Kinetics of palm oil transesterification in a batch reactor. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 2000, 77, 1263-1267.
17. Noureddini, H.; Zhu, D. Kinetics of transesterification soybean oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 1997, 74, 1457-1463.
18. Encinar, J. M.; Gonzales, J. F.; Rodriguez, J. J.; Tejedor, A. Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils: transesterification of Cynara cardunculus oils with ethanol. Energy Fuels 2002, 16, 443-450.
19. Freedman, B.; Pryde, E. H.; Mounts, T. L. Variables affecting the yields of fatty esters from transesterified vegetable oils. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 1984, 61, 1638-1643.
20. Reddy, C.; Reddy, V.; Oshel, R.; Verkade, J. G. Room-temperature conversion of soybean oil and poultry fat to biodiesel catalysed by nanocrystalline calcium oxides. Energy Fuels 2006, 20, 1310-1314.
21. Suppes, G. J.; Dasari, M. A.; Doskocil, E. J.; Mankidy, P. J.; Goff, M. J. Transesterification of soybean oil with zeolite and metal catalysts. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 2004, 257, 213-223.
22. Demirbas, A. Biodiesel from sunflower oil in supercritical methanol with calcium oxide. Energy Convers. Manage. 2007, 48, 937-941.
23. Abreu, F. R.; Lima, D. G.; Hamù, E. H.; Einloft, S.; Rubim, J. C.; Suarez, P. A. Z. New metal catalysts for soybean oil transesterification. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 2003, 80, 601-604.
24. Martín Alonso, D.; Mariscal, R.; Tost, R; Zafra Poves, M. D.; López Granados, M. Potassium leaching during triglycerides transesterification using K/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Catal. Commun. 2007, 8, 2074-2080.
25. Noureddini, H.; Harkey, D.; Medikonduru, V. A continuous process for the conversion of vegetable oils into methyl esters of fatty acids. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 1998, 75, 1755-1783.
26. Peterson, C. L.; Cook, J. L.; Thompson, J. C.; Taberski, J. S. Continuous flow biodiesel production. Appl. Eng. Agric. 2002, 18, 5-11.
27. Thompson, J. C.; He, B. B. Biodiesel production using static mixers. Trans. ASABE 2007, 50, 161-165.
28. Thakur, R. K.; Vial, C.; Nigam, K. D. P.; Nauman, E. B.; Djelveh, G. Static mixers in the process industries - a review. Trans. IChemE 2003, 81, 787-826.
29. Chamayou, A.; Delmas, H.; Casamatta, G. Kinetics of liquid/liquid/solid fine chemical reaction: modelling of a continuous pilot plant reactor. Chem. Eng. Technol. 1996, 19, 67-74.
30. Bayer, T.; Himmler, K.; Hessel, V. Don't be baffled by static mixers. Chem. Eng. 2003, 5, 50-57.
31. Taweel, A. M.; Walker, L. D. Liquid dispersion in static in-line mixers. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 1983, 61, 527-533.
32. Wadley, R.; Dawson, M. K. LIF measurements of blending in static mixers in the turbulent and transitional regimes. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2005, 60, 2469-2478.
33. De Greyt, W. New challenges and opportunities for the oils and fats processing industry in the 21st century. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Renewable Resources and Biorefineries, Ghent, June 4-6, 2007 (www.rrbconference.com).
34. World Watch Institute. Biofuels for Transportation. Global Potential and Implications for Sustainable Agriculture and Energy in the 21st Century; World Watch Institute: Washington, DC, 2006.
35. Muys, B. Biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas: energy balance, global warming potential and land use impact. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Renewable Resources and Biorefineries; Ghent, June 4-6, 2007 (www.rrbconference.com).
36. Leng, D.; Calabrese, R. V. Immiscible liquid-liquid systems. In Handbook of Industrial Mixing. Science and Practice; Paul, E. L., Atiemo-Obeng, V. A., Kresta, S. M., Eds.; John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, NJ, 2004.
37. Streiff, F. A. Dispersion en ligne et transport de matière au moyen de mélangeurs statiques. Rev. Tech. Sulzer 1977, 3, 108-113.
38. Rushton, J. H.; Costich, E. W.; Everett, H. J. Power characteristics of mixing impellers, Part II. Chem. Eng. Progr. 1950, 46, 467-476.
39. Van Gerpen, J.; Shanks, B.; Pruszko, R.; Clements, D.; Knothe, G. Biodiesel Production Technology August 2002-January 2004; National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Golden, CO, 2004.
40. Middleman, S. Drop size distributions produced by turbulent pipe flow of immiscible fluids through a static mixer. Ind. Eng. Chem. Process. Des. Dev. 1974, 13, 78-83.
41. Davies, J. T. A physical interpretation of drop sizes in homogenizers and agitated tanks, including the dispersion of viscous oils. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1987, 42, 1671-1676.
42. Etchel III, A. W.; Meyer, C. F. Mixing in Pipelines; In Handbook of Industrial Mixing. Science and Practice; Paul, E. L., Atiemo-Obeng, V. A., Kresta, S. M., Eds.; John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, NJ, 2004.
43. Bournay, L.; Casanave, D.; Delfort, B.; Hillion, G.; Chodorge, J. A. New heterogeneous process for biodiesel production: a way to improve the quality and value of the crude glycerin produced by biodiesel plants. Catal. Today 2007, 106, 190-192.
44. Darnoko, D.; Cheryan, M. Continuous production of palm methyl esters. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 2000, 77, 1269-1272.