Hierarchical multistream recognition of facial expressions

IEE Proceedings: Vision, Image and Signal Processing

Volumn 151, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 307-313

  Chibelushi, C C ^a   Bourel, F ^b  

^a STAFFORDSHIRE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b FLEXIMAGE   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTOMATION; FEATURE EXTRACTION; FUZZY SETS; INTEGRATION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; OPTIMIZATION; ROBUSTNESS (CONTROL SYSTEMS);

AUTOMATIC FACE RECOGNITION; FUZZY INTEGRATION; HIERARCHICAL MULTISTREAM RECOGNITION;

FACE RECOGNITION;

EID: 4544345415     PISSN: 1350245X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1049/ip-vis:20040748     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Donato, G., Bartlett, M.S., Hager, J.C., Ekman, P., and Sejnowski, T.J.: Classifying facial actions', IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 1999, 21, (10), pp. 974-989
2. Bruce, V.: 'What the human face tells the human mind: some challenges for the robot-human interface'. Proc. IEEE Int. Workshop on Robot and Human Communication, 1992, pp. 44-51
3. Essa, I.A., and Pentland, A.P.: 'Coding, Analysis, interpretation, and recognition of facial expressions', IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 1997, 19, (7), pp. 757-763
4. Chellappa, R., Wilson, C.L., and Sirohey, S.: 'Human and machine recognition of faces: a survey', Proc. IEEE, 1995, 83, (5), pp. 705-741
5. Pantic, M., and Rothkrantz, L.J.M.: 'Automatic analysis of facial expressions: the state of the art', IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 2000, 22, (12), pp. 1424-1445
6. Samal, A., and Iyengar, P.A.: .'Automatic recognition and analysis of human faces and facial expressions: a survey', Pattern Recognit., 1992, 25, (1), pp. 65-77
7. Kanade, T., Cohn, J.F., and Tian, Y.: 'Comprehensive database for facial expression analysis', Proc. 4th IEEE Int. Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2000, pp. 46-53
8. Ekman, P., and Friesen, W.: 'Facial action coding system: a technique for the measurement of facial movement' (Consulting Psychologists Press, 1978)
9. Ekman, P.: 'Emotion in the human face' (Cambridge University Press, UK, 1982)
10. Fasel, B., and Luettin, J.: 'Automatic facial expression analysis: a survey', Pattern Recognit., 2003, 36, (1), pp. 259-275
11. Lien, J.J., Kanade, T., Cohn, J.F., and Li, C-C.: 'Automated facial expression recognition based on FACS action units'. Proc. 3rd IEEE Int. Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 1998, pp. 390-395
12. Tian, Y-L., Kanade, T., and Cohn, J.F.: 'Recognizing action units for facial expression analysis', IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 2001, 23, (2), pp. 97-115
13. Jain, A.K., Duin, R.P.W., and Mao, J.: 'Statistical pattern recognition: a review', IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 2000, 22, (1), pp. 4-37
14. Pantic, M., and Rothkrantz, L.J.M.: 'An expert system for multiple emotional classification of facial expressions'. Proc. 11th IEEE Int. Conf. on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, 1999, pp. 113-120
15. Bourel, F., Chibelushi, C.C., and Low, A.A.: 'Robust facial expression recognition using a state-based model of spatially-localised facial dynamics'. Proc. 5th IEEE Int. Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2002, pp. 106-111
16. Cohen, I., Sebe, N., Chen, L., Garg, A., and Huang, T.S.: 'Facial expression recognition from video sequences: temporal and static modeling', Comput. Vis. Image Underst., 2003, 91, (1-2), pp. 160-187
17. Martinez, A.M.: 'Recognizing imprecisely localized, partially occluded, and expression variant faces from a single sample per class', IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 2002, 24, (6), pp. 748-763
18. Martinez, A.: 'Face image retrieval using HMMs'. Proc. IEEE Workshop on Content-Based Access of Image and Video Libraries, 1999, pp. 35-39
19. Martinez, A.M.: 'Semantic access of frontal face images: the expression-invariant problem'. Proc. IEEE Workshop on Content-based Access of Image and Video Libraries, 2000, pp. 55-59
20. Bourel, F.: 'Models of spatially-localised facial dynamics for robust expression recognition'. PhD thesis, Staffordshire University, UK, 2002
21. Brand, M., Oliver, N., and Pentland, A.:'Coupled hidden Markov models for complex action recognition'. Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1997, pp. 994-999
22. Nefian, A.V.: 'Embedded Bayesian networks for face recognition'. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Multimedia and Expo, 2002, vol. 2, pp. 133-136
23. Bezdek, J.C.: 'Pattern recognition with fuzzy objective function algorithms' (Plenum, New York, USA, 1981)
24. Prade, H.: 'A computational approach to approximate and plausible reasoning with applications to expert systems', IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 1985, PAMI-7, pp. 260-283
25. Sugeno, M.: 'Fuzzy measures and fuzzy integrals: a survey', in Gupta, M.M., Saridis, G.N., and Gaines, B.R. (Eds.): 'Fuzzy automata and decision processes' (North Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1977), pp. 89-102
26. Tahani, H., and Keller, J.M.: 'Information fusion in computer vision using the fuzzy integral', IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern., 1990, 20, (3), pp. 733-741
27. Grabisch, M., and Sugeno, M.: 'Multi-attribute classification using fuzzy integral'. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Fuzzy Systems, 1992, pp. 47-54
28. Keller, J.M., Gader, P., Tahani, H., Chiang, J.-H., and Mohamed, M.: 'Advances in fuzzy integration for pattern recognition', Fuzzy Sets Syst., 1994, 65, pp. 273-283
29. Chibelushi, C.C., Deravi, F., and Mason, J.S.D.: 'Adaptive classifier integration for robust pattern recognition', IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. B, Cybern., 1999, 29, (6), pp. 902-907
30. Bourel, F., Chibelushi, C.C., and Low, A.A.: 'Robust facial feature tracking'. Proc. 11th British Machine Vision Conf., 2000, vol. 1, pp. 232-241