Fatal paraquat poisoning in seven Portland, Oregon, dogs

Veterinary and Human Toxicology

Volumn 46, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 258-264

  Cope, R B ^a   Bildfell, R J ^a   Valentine, B A ^a   White, K S ^a   Cooper, B J ^a   Oncken, Andrea ^b  

^a OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Dove Lewis Emergency Animal Hospital   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PARAQUAT;

ARTICLE; CASE REPORT; CAT; CHRONOLOGY; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM FUNCTION DISORDER; DISEASE COURSE; DOG; GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; MALE; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PARAQUAT POISONING; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RESPIRATORY FAILURE;

ANIMALS; DOG DISEASES; DOGS; FEMALE; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES; HERBICIDES; HYPERTENSION; LIPIDS; MALE; PARAQUAT; RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY;

ANIMALIA; CANIS FAMILIARIS; FELIS CATUS;

EID: 4544341915     PISSN: 01456296     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. EPA: Restricted Use Products Report. 2003.
2. Akintonwa DA, Bainova A, Bus J et al: Paraquat and Diquat. Environmental Health Criteria 38: 1-131, 1984.
3. WHO: Paraquat WHO FAO Pesticide Data Sheets 4 Rev. 1: 1975.
4. Bischoff K, Brizzee-Buxton B, Gatto N et al: Malicious paraquat poisoning in Oklahoma dogs. Vet Hum Toxicol 40: 151-153, 1998.
5. Longstaffe JA, Humphreys DJ, Hayward AH et al: Paraquat poisoning in dogs and cats - differences between accidental and malicious poisoning. J Small Anim Pract 22: 153-156, 1981.
6. Cruickshank AK: Metaldehyde and paraquat poisoning. Vet Rec 111: 149-150, 1982.
7. Barton M, Gaskell CJ: Poisoning after illegal use of paraquat bait. Vet Rec 110: 565, 1982.
8. Hosli J: Paraquat poisoning in dogs. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 119: 377-381, 1977.
9. Johnson RP, Huxtable CR: Paraquat poisoning in a dog and cat. Vet Rec 98: 189-191, 1976.
10. Leonpacher RJ: Herbicide poisoning in a dog. Mod Vet Pract 57: 375, 1976.
11. Quick MP, Dyson DA, Holliman A: Acute and sub-acute paraquat poisoning in a pack of foxhounds. J Forensic Sci Soc 30: 371-376, 1990.
12. Kelly DF, Morgan DG, Darke PG et al: Pathology of acute respiratory distress in the dog associated with paraquat poisoning. J Comp Pathol 88: 275-294, 1978.
13. Nagata T, Kono I, Masaoka T et al: Subacute toxicity of paraquat in beagle dogs: clinicopathology and pathologic examinations. Vet Hum Toxicol 34: 15-20, 1992.
14. Saunier C, Schrijen F, Gille JP et al: Experimental chronic paraquat poisoning. Functional and histopathological pulmonary changes. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 18: 863-876, 1982.
15. Darke PG, Gibbs C, Kelly DF et al: Acute respiratory distress in the dog associated with paraquat poisoning. Vet Rec 100: 275-277, 1977.
16. Hofmann A, Frohberg H: Gramoxone poisoning in the Federal Republic of Germany: course and treatment. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 97: 1299-1303, 1972.
17. Rogers PA, Spillane TA, Fenlon M et al: Suspected paraquat poisoning in pigs and dogs. Vet Rec 93: 44-45, 1973.
18. Kawai S, Ueda K, Koyama K et al: Studies on preventive treatment of paraquat dichloride intoxication. Part 2. Nippon Noson Igakkai Zasshi 29: 1980.
19. Wright SH, Wunz TM: Paraquat2+/H+ exchange in isolated renal brush-border membrane vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta 1240: 18-24, 1995.
20. Chan BS, Seale JP, Duggin GG: The mechanism of excretion of paraquat in rats. Toxicol Lett 90: 1-9, 1997.
21. Chan BS, Lazzaro VA, Seale JP et al: The renal excretory mechanisms and the role of organic cations in modulating the renal handling of paraquat. Pharmacol Ther 79: 193-203, 1998.
22. Molck AM, Friis C: Transport of paraquat by isolated renal proximal tubular segments from rabbits. Pharmacol Toxicol 83: 208-213, 1998.
23. Machaalani R, Lazzaro V, Duggin GG: The characterisation and uptake of paraquat in cultured baboon kidney proximal tubule cells (bPTC). Hum Exp Toxicol 20: 90-99, 2001.
24. Nagata T, Kono I, Masaoka T et al: Acute toxicological studies on paraquat: pathological findings in beagle dogs following single subcutaneous injections. Vet Hum Toxicol 34: 105-112, 1992.
25. Botella de Maglia J, Belenguer Tarin JE: Paraquat poisoning. A study of 29 cases and evaluation of the effectiveness of the "Caribbean scheme". Med Clin (Bare) 115: 530-533, 2000.
26. Lee EY, Hwang KY, Yang JO et al: Predictors of survival after acute paraquat poisoning. Toxicol Ind Health 18: 201-206, 2002.
27. Takayama K, Takeuchi K, Suga E et al: A case of autopsy following paraquat dichloride intoxication. Nippon Byorigakki Kaishi 67: 139, 1978.
28. Lassen ED: Laboratory Evaluation of the Exocrine Pancreas. In Thrall MA: Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins: Baltimore, Maryland: 377-385, 2004.
29. Chen N, Bowles MR, Pond SM: Prevention of paraquat toxicity in suspensions of alveolar type II cells by paraquat-specific antibodies. Hum Exp Toxicol 13: 551-557, 1994.
30. Gaudreault P, Karl PI, Friedman PA: Paraquat and putrescine uptake by lung slices of fetal and newborn rats. Drug Metab Dispos 12: 550-552, 1984.
31. Smith LL, Pratt I, Elliott C et al: The accumulation of putrescine and paraquat into lung slices taken from BHT treated mice. Toxicology 27: 1-13, 1983.
32. Rannels DE, Pegg AE, Clark RS et al: Interaction of paraquat and amine uptake by rat lungs perfused in situ. Am J Physiol 249: E506-E513, 1985.
33. Oreffo VI, John RA, Richards RJ: Diamine uptake by rat lung type II cells in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 41: 1209-1215, 1991.
34. Smith LL, Lewis CP, Wyatt I et al: The importance of epithelial uptake systems in lung toxicity. Environ Health Perspect 85: 25-30, 1990.
35. Hara H, Yoneyama H, Tanabe J et al: Observations of the fibrosing process in paraquat lung injury by chest X-ray and CT. Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 29: 638-643, 1991.
36. Im JG, Lee KS, Ran MC et al: Paraquat poisoning: findings on chest radiography and CT in 42 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 157: 697-701, 1991.
37. Lee SH, Lee KS, Ahn JM et al: Paraquat poisoning of the lung: thin-section CT findings. Radiology 195: 271-274, 1995.
38. Okonek S, Setyadharma H, Borchert A et al: Activated charcoal is as effective as fuller's earth or bentonite in paraquat poisoning. Klin Wochenschr 60: 207-210, 1982.
39. Idid SZ, Lee CY: Effects of Fuller's Earth and activated charcoal on oral absorption of paraquat in rabbits. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 23: 679-681, 1996.
40. Gaudreault P, Friedman PA, Lovejoy Jr, FH: Efficacy of activated charcoal and magnesium citrate in the treatment of oral paraquat intoxication. Ann Emerg Med 14: 123-125, 1985.
41. Gfeller RW, Messonnier SP: Paraquat. In Gfeller RW: Small Animal Toxicolog and Poisoning, Mosby: St. Louis, MO: 255-257, 2004.
42. Nokata M, Tanaka T, Tsuchiya K et al: Alleviation of paraquat toxicity by Kayexalate and Kalimate in rats. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol, Copenhagen 55: 158-160, 1984.
43. Yamashita M, Naito H, Takagi S: The effectiveness of a cation resin (Kayexalate) as an adsorbent of paraquat: experimental and clinical studies. Hum Toxicol 6: 89-90, 1987.
44. Fennelly JJ, Fitzgerald MX, Fitzgerald O: Recovery from severe paraquat poisoning following forced diuresis and immunosuppressive therapy. J Ir Med Assoc 64: 69-71, 1971.
45. Lugo-Vallin N, Maradei-Irastorza I, Pascuzzo-Lima C et al: Thirty-five cases of S-carboxymethylcysteine use in paraquat poisoning. Vet Hum Toxicol 45: 45-46, 2003.
46. Drault JN, Baelen E, Mehdaoui H et al: [Massive paraquat poisoning. Favorable course after treatment with n-acetylcysteine and early hemodialysis]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 18: 534-537, 1999.
47. Eisenman A, Armali Z, Raikhlin-Eisenkraft B et al: Nitric oxide inhalation for paraquat-induced lung injury. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 36: 575-584, 1998.
48. Kaojarern S, Ongphiphadhanakul B: Predicting outcomes in paraquat poisonings. Vet Hum Toxicol 33: 115-118, 1991.
49. Addo E, Poon-King T: Leucocyte suppression in treatment of 72 patients with paraquat poisoning. Lancet 1: 1117-1120, 1986.
50. Demeere JL: Paraquat toxicity. The use of hypoxic ventilation. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 35: 219-230, 1984.
51. Hoffman S, Jedeikin R, Korzets Z et al: Successful management of severe paraquat poisoning. Chest 84: 107-109, 1983.
52. Kerr F, Patel AR, Scott PD et al: Paraquat poisoning treated by forced diuresis. Br Med J 3: 290-291, 1968.
53. Thomas PD, Thomas D, Chan YL et al: Paraquat poisoning is not necessarily fatal. Med J Aust 2: 564-565, 1977.
54. Fairshter RD, Dabir-Vaziri N, Smith WR et al: Paraquat poisoning: an analytical toxicologic study of three cases. Toxicology 12: 259-266, 1979.
55. Bismuth C, Gamier R, Dally S et al: Prognosis and treatment of paraquat poisoning: a review of 28 cases. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 19: 461-474, 1982.
56. Higuchi A, Yonemitsu K, Koreeda A et al: Inhibitory activity of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) in paraquat-induced microsomal lipid peroxidation - a mechanism of protective effects of EGCg against paraquat toxicity. Toxicology 183: 143-149, 2003.
57. Suntres ZE: Role of antioxidants in paraquat toxicity. Toxicology 180: 65-77, 2002.
58. Lugo-Vallin Ndel V, Pascuzzo-Lima C, I Maradei-Irastorza et al: Prolonged survival after experimental paraquat intoxication: role of alternative antioxidants. Vet Hum Toxicol 44: 40-41, 2002.
59. Hong SY, Hwang KY, Lee EY et al: Effect of vitamin C on plasma total antioxidant status in patients with paraquat intoxication. Toxicol Lett 126: 51-59, 2002.
60. Suntres ZE, Shek PN: Intratracheally administered liposomal alpha-tocopherol protects the lung against long-term toxic effects of paraquat. Biomed Environ Sci 8: 289-300, 1995.
61. Lheureux P, Leduc D, Vanbinst R et al: Survival in a case of massive paraquat ingestion. Chest 107: 285-289, 1995.
62. van Asbeck BS, Hillen FC, Boonen HC et al: Continuous intravenous infusion of deferoxamine reduces mortality by paraquat in vitamin E-deficient rats. Am Rev Respir Dis 139: 769-773, 1989.
63. Patterson CE, Rhoades RA: Protective role of sulfhydryl reagents in oxidant lung injury. Exp Lung Res 14 Suppl: 1005-1019, 1988.
64. Schvartsman S, Zyngier S, Schvartsman C: Ascorbic acid and riboflavin in the treatment of acute intoxication by paraquat. Vet Hum Toxicol 26: 473-475, 1984.
65. Redetzki HM, Wood CD, Grafton WD: Vitamin E and paraquat poisoning. Vet Hum Toxicol 22: 395-397, 1980.
66. Fairshter RD, Vaziri ND, Dearden LC et al: Effect of dimethylthiourea on paraquat toxicity in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 74: 150-154, 1984.
67. Shahar E, Barzilay Z, Aladjem M: Paraquat poisoning in a child: vitamin E in amelioration of lung injury. Arch Dis Child 55: 830-831, 1980.
68. Harley JB, Grinspan S, Root RK: Paraquat suicide in a young woman: results of therapy directed against the Superoxide radical. Yale J Biol Med 50: 481-488, 1977.
69. Lloyd EL: Ascorbic acid and paraquat toxicity. Lancet 2: 1255, 1976.
70. Halliwell B: Ascorbic acid and paraquat toxicity. Lancet 2: 854, 1976.
71. Akahori F, Nagata T, Masaoka T et al: Effect of dehydroproline as a collagen synthetic inhibitor in paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in beagle dogs. Vet Hum Toxicol 35: 216-222, 1993.
72. Yamada Y, Akahori F, Masaoka T et al: Chlorpromazine and paraquat poisoning. Vet Hum Toxicol 35: 112-115, 1993.
73. Nagao M: Production and toxicological application of anti-paraquat antibodies. Nippon Hoigaku Zasshi 43: 134-147, 1989.