Palaeohydrogeology: A methodology based on fracture mineral studies

Applied Geochemistry

Volumn 23, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 1881-1897

  Tullborg, Eva Lena ^a   Drake, Henrik ^b   Sandström, Björn ^b  

^a Terralogica AB   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALUMINUM; CALCITE; CALCIUM; CARBONATE MINERALS; CHEMISTRY; CORE DRILLING; COREMAKING; CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; CRYSTALLINE ROCKS; FARM BUILDINGS; FELDSPAR; FRACTURE FIXATION; GALLIUM; GARNETS; GROUNDWATER; HYDROGEOLOGY; IRON; ISOTOPES; MICROFLUIDICS; MINERALOGY; MINERALS; MINING; NUMERICAL METHODS; ORGANOCLAY; OXIDE MINERALS; PETROLEUM DEPOSITS; PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS; QUARTZ; RADIOACTIVE WASTES; ROCKS; SILICA; SILICATE MINERALS; SILICATES; SULFATE MINERALS; UNDERGROUND RESERVOIRS;

(I ,J) CONDITIONS; BALTIC SEA; CONCEPTUAL MODELLING; CORE MATERIALS; EAST COAST; EVOLUTION (CO); FE-OXIDES; GEOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; GROUNDWATER CHEMISTRY; HIGH QUALITY (HQ); HOLOCENE; HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY; IN ORDER; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; K FELDSPAR; LAUMONTITE; NUCLEAR WASTE; PLEISTOCENE; PREHNITE; STABLE ISOTOPES; STEP-BY-STEP; TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS; WATER INTERFACES; WIDE-RANGE;

FRACTURE;

CALCITE; CRYSTALLINE ROCK; FRACTURE; GROUNDWATER; HOLOCENE; IRON HYDROXIDE; IRON OXIDE; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; MINERAL; MINERALIZATION; PALEOHYDROLOGY; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; PLEISTOCENE; POSTGLACIAL; RADIOACTIVE WASTE; REPOSITORY; SULFIDE; TRACE ELEMENT; WATER CHEMISTRY; WATER DEPTH;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; BALTIC SEA; EURASIA; EUROPE; FORSMARK; KALMAR [SWEDEN]; NORTHERN EUROPE; SCANDINAVIA; SIMPEVARP; SWEDEN; UPPSALA [SWEDEN];

EID: 45049086771     PISSN: 08832927     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.02.009     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Aaltonen, J., Gustafsson, C., Nilsson, P., 2003. Oskarshamn site investigation. RAMAC and BIPS logging and deviation measurements in boreholes KSH01A, KSH01B and the upper part of KSH02. SKB P-report P-03-73. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden. .
2. Alm, E., Sundblad, K., 2002. Fluorite-calcite-galena-bearing fractures in the counties of Kalmar and Blekinge, Sweden. SKB R-report R-02-42. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden. .
3. Alm, E., Sundblad, K., Huhma, H., 2005. Sm-Nd isotope determinations of low-temperature fluorite-calcitegalena mineralization in the margins of the Fennosciandian Shield. Report of activities carried out during 2004. SKB R-report R-05-66. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden. .
4. Bath, A., Milodowski, A., Ruotsalainen, P., Tullborg, E.-L., Cortés Ruiz, A., Aranyossy, J.-F., 2000. Evidences from mineralogy and geochemistry for the evolution of groundwater systems during the quaternary for use in radioactive waste repository safety assessment (EQUIP project). EUR report 19613. Contract number: F14W-CT96-0038.
5. Björck S. A review of the history of the Baltic Sea. 13.0-8.0 ka BP. Quatern. Internat. 27 (1995) 19-40
6. Blyth A., Frape S., Ruskeeniemi T., and Blomqvist R. Origins, closed system formation and preservation of calcites in glaciated crystalline bedrock: evidence from Palmottu natural analogue site, Finland. Appl. Geochem. 19 (2004) 675-686
7. Cederbom C., Larson S.Å., Tullborg E.-L., and Stiberg J.-P. Fission track thermochronology applied tp Phanerozoic thermotectonic events in central and southern Sweden. Tectonophysics 316 (2000) 153-167
8. Cederbom C. Phanerozoic, pre-Cretaceous thermotectonic events in southern Sweden revealed by fission track thermochronology. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 188 (2001) 199-209
9. Claesson, L.-Å., Nilsson, G., 2004. Forsmark site investigation. Drilling of the telescopic borehole KFM03A and the core drilled borehole KFM03B at drilling site DS3. SKB P-report P-03-59. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden. .
10. Didriksen, K., Stipp, S.L.S., 2006. Iron oxides in fractures at Äspö. A feasibility study to test the possibility of finding a geothermometer or a palaeo-redox indicator. SKB IPR report 06-09. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden.
11. Dideriksen K., Christiansen B.C., Baker, J A., Frandsen C., Balic-Zunic T., Tullborg E.-L., Mørup S., and Stipp S.L.S. Fe-oxide fracture-fillings as a palæo-temperature and -redox indicator: Structure, crystal form, REE content and Fe isotope composition. Chem. Geol 244 (2007) 330-343
12. Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2004. Oskarshamn site investigation. Fracture mineralogy and wall rock alteration, results from drill core KSH01A + B. SKB P-report P-04-250. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden. .
13. Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2006. Oskarshamn site investigation. Fracture mineralogy, Results from drill core KSH03A + B. SKB P-report P-06-03. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden. .
14. Drake, H, Tullborg, E.-L., 2007, Oskarshamn site investigation. Mineralogy in water conducting zones. Results from boreholes KLX03, KLX04, KLX06, KSH01A+B, KSH02 and KSH03A. SKB P-report. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden. .
15. 39Ar dating of fracture minerals. SKB P-report P-07-27. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden. .
16. Eliasson, T., Tullborg, E.-L., Landström, O., 1990. Fracture filling minerals and geochemistry at the Swedish HDR research site. In: Baria, R. (Ed.) Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy, Camborne School of Mines Internat. Conf., Extended Abst. ISBN 1-85365-217-2, pp. 425-435.
17. Fairchild I.J., Smith C.L., Baker A., Fuller L., Spötl C., Mattey D., and McDermott F.E.I.M.F. Modification and preservation of environmental signals in speleothems. Earth. Sci. Rev. 75 (2006) 105-153
18. Ferrill D.A., Morris A.P., Evans M.A., Burkhard M., Groshong Jr. R.H., and Onasch A.M. Calcite twin morphology: a low-temperature deformation geothermometer. J. Struct. Geol. 16 (2004) 1521-1529
19. Fredén, C. (Ed.), 2002. Berg och Jord. Sveriges Nationalatlas, third ed. p. 208 (in Swedish).
20. Gascoyne M. Palaeoclimate determination from cave calcite deposits. Quatern. Sci. Rev. 11 (1992) 609-632
21. Gascoyne M., and Cramer J.J. History of actinide and minor element mobility in an Archean granite batholith in Manitoba, Canada. Appl. Geochem. 2 (1987) 37-54
22. Gascoyne, M., McMurry, J., Ejekam, R.B., 2004. Palaeohydrogeologic case study of the Whiteshell research Area. OPG Report No. 06819-REP-01200-10121-R00.
23. Gehör, S., Karhy, J., Kärki, A., Löfman, J., Pitkänen, P., Ruotsalainen, P., Taikina-aho, O., 2002. Fracture calcites at Olkiluoto. Posiva 2002-03. Posiva Oy, Finland. .
24. Hallam A. Pre-Quaternary sea-level changes. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci Lett. 12 (1984) 205-243
25. Hermansson T., Stephens M.B., Corfu F., Andersson J., and Page L. Penetrative ductile deformation and amphibolite-facies metamorphism prior to 1851 Ma in the western part of the Svecofennian orogen, Fennoscandian Shield. Precambrian Res. 153 (2007) 29-45
26. Koistinen, T., Stephens, M.B., Bogatchev, V., Nordgulen, Ø., Wennerström, M., Korkonen, J., 2001. Geological map of the Fennoscandian Shield Scale 1:2 000 000. Geol. Surv. Finland, Norway and Sweden and Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia.
27. Laaksoharju M., Smellie J.A.T., Tullborg E.-L., Gimeno M., Molinero J., Gurban I., and Hallbeck L. Hydrogeochemical evaluation and modelling performed within the site investigation program. Appl. Geochem. 23 (2008) 1761-1795
28. Landström, O., Tullborg, E.-L., 1995. Interactions of trace elements with fracture filling minerals from the Äspö Hars Rock laboratory. SKB Technical Report TR 95-13. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden. .
29. Landström, O., Smellie, J., Tullborg, E.-L., 1989. Mineralogical and geochemical studies of fracture-infillings in drillcore KLJ01. In: Bäckblom, G. (Ed.), Interdisciplinary Study of Post-glacial Faulting in the Lansjärv area, Northern Sweden 1986-1988, 9:1-17. SKB Technical report TR 89-31. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden. .
30. Landström, O., Tullborg, E.-L., Eriksson, G., Sandell, Y., 2001. Effects of glacial/post-glacial weathering compared with hydrothermal alteration - implications for matrix diffusion. SKB R-report R-01-37. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden. .
31. Larson S.Å., and Tullborg E.-L. Stable isotopes of fissure-filling calcite from Finnsjön, Uppland, Sweden. Lithos 17 (1984) 117-125
32. Larson S.Å., Tullborg E.-L., Cederbom C., and Stiberg J.-P. Sveconorwegian and Caledonian foreland basins in the Baltic Shield revealed by fission track thermochronology. Terra Nova 11 (1999) 210-215
33. Lidmar-Bergström K. Long term morphotectonic evolution in Sweden. Geomorphology 16 (1996) 33-59
34. 14C ages from Lake Lahontan carbonates, Nevada, USA, and discussion for the origin of initial thorium contents. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60 (1996) 2817-2832
35. Louvat, D., Beaucaire, C., Michelot, J.L., Sacchi, E., 1997. Etude des cristallisations dans sea fractures. Application au site ANDRA Vienne-Sud. Rap. FT-CEA-ANDRA 96-2-103.
36. Maddock, R.H., Hailwood, E.A., Rhodes, E.J., Muir Wood, R., 1993. Direct fault dating trials at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory. SKB TR-report TR-93-24. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden. .
37. Milodowski, A.E., Fortey, N.J., Gillespie, M.R., Pearce, J.M., Hyslop, E.K., 2002. Synthesis report on the mineralogical characteristics of fractures from the Nirex boreholes in the Sellafield area. British Geological Survey, Technical Report WG/98/8.
38. Milodowski, A.E., Gillespie, M.R., Pearce, J.M., Metcalfe, R., 1998. Collaboration with the SKB EQUIP programme; Petrographic characterisation of calcites from Äspö and Laxemar deep boreholes by scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe and cathodoluminescence petrography, WG/98/45C. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, 1998.
39. Milodowski, A.E., Tullborg, E.-L., Buil, B., Gômez, P., Turrero, M.-J., Haszeldine, S., England G., Gillespie, M.R., Torres, T., Ortiz, J.E., Zacharias, J., Silar, J., Chvátal, M., Strnad, L., Šebek, O., Bouch, J.E., Chenery, S.R., Chenery, C., Shepherd, T.J., McKervey, J.A., 2005. Application of mineralogical petrological and geochemical tools for evaluating the palaeohydrogeological evolution of the PADAMOT Study sites. PADAMOT PROJECT Technical Report WP2. EU FP5 Contract No. FIKW-CT2001-20129.
40. 235U geochronology of Quaternary opal, Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64 (2000) 2913-2929
41. Neymark L.A., Amelin Y., Paces J.B., and Peterman Z.E. U-Pb ages of secondary silica at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: implications for the palaeohydrology of the unsaturated zone. Appl. Geochem. 17 (2002) 709-734
42. Paces J.B., Neymark L.A., Wooden J.L., and Persing H.M. Improved spatial resolution for U-series dating of opal at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, using ion-microprobe and microdigestion methods. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 68 (2004) 1591-1606
43. Paces, J.B., Peterman, Z.E., Neymark, L.A., Whelan, J.F., Marchall, B.D., 1998. Constraints on Quaternary unsaturated- and saturated-zone hydrology from geochronological and isotopic studies of calcite and silica, Yucca mountain, Nevada, USA. In: Use of Hydrogeochemical Information in Testing Groundwater Flow Models. Technical Summary of Workshop, Borgholm, Sweden, September 1997, NEA/OECD, Paris, France.
44. 39Ar and (U-Th)/He geochronology. SKB P-report P-04-126. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden. .
45. Påsse T., and Andersson L. Shore-level displacement in Fennoscandia calculated from empirical data. GFF 127 (2005) 253-268
46. Peterman Z.E., and Wallin B. Synopsis of strontium isotope variations in groundwater at Äspö, southern Sweden. Appl. Geochem. 14 (1999) 939-952
47. Rönnback, P., Åström, M., 2008. Concentrations and fractionation patterns of rare earth elements in surface waters and groundwaters in a granite and till environment. Appl. Geochem., in press.
48. Sandström, B., Tullborg, E.-L., 2005. Forsmark site investigation. Fracture mineralogy. Results from fracture minerals and wall rock alteration in boreholes KFM01B, KFM04A, KFM05A and KFM06A. SKB P-report P-05-197. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden. .
49. Sandström, B., Tullborg, E.-L., 2006. Forsmark site investigation. Fracture mineralogy. Results from KFM06B, KFM06C, KFM07A, KFM08A, KFM08B. SKB P-report P-06-226. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden. .
50. 39Ar (adularia) and Rb-Sr (adularia, prehnite, calcite) ages of fracture minerals. SKB P-report P-06-213. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden. .
51. Sandström B., Tullborg E.-L., de Torres T., and Ortiz J.E. The occurrence and potential origin of asphaltite in bedrock fractures, Forsmark, central Sweden. GFF 128 (2006) 233-242
52. SKB, 2005. Hydrogeochemical evaluation. Preliminary site description Forsmark - version 1.2., SKB R-report R-05-17. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden. .
53. SKB, 2006. Hydrogeochemical evaluation. Preliminary site description Laxemar subarea - version 1.2. SKB report R-06-12. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden. .
54. Söderlund P., Juez-Larré J., Page L.M., and Dunai T.J. Extending the time range of apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometry in slowly cooled terranes: Palaeozoic to Cenozoic exhumation history of southeast Sweden. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 239 (2005) 266-275
55. Stephens, M.B., Lundqvist, S., Bergman, T., Ekström, M., 2005. Forsmark site investigation. Bedrock mapping. Petrographic and geochemical characteristics of rock types based on Stage 1 (2002) and Stage 2 (2003) surface data. SKB P-report P-04-87. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden. .
56. Ström A., Andersson J., Skagius K., and Winberg A. Site descriptive modelling during characterization for a geological repository for nuclear waste in Sweden. Appl. Geochem. 23 (2008) 1747-1760
57. Suksi, J., 2001. Natural uranium as a tracer in radionuclide geosphere transport studies. Ph.D. Thesis. Univer. Helsinki, Department of Chemistry. Report series in Radiochemistry 16/2001.
58. Suksi, J., Rasilainen, K., 2002. Isotope fractionation of U in rocks reflecting redox conditions around a groundwater flow route. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. vol. 663. Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management, 961-969.
59. 238U activity ratios in groundwater - A key to flow system characterisation. Phys. Chem. Earth 31 (2006) 556-571
60. Tullborg, E.-L., 1997. Recognition of low-temperature processes in the Fennoscandian shield. Ph.D. Thesis. Earth Sciences Centre A17. Göteborg Univ.
61. Tullborg, E.-L., 2003. Palaeohydrogeological evidences from fracture filling minerals - Results from the Äspö/Laxemar area. Mat. Res. Soc. (MRS) Symp. Proc. vol. 807, Scientific basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXVII, 873-878.
62. 13C for limestones, calcite fissure infillings and calcite precipitates from Sweden. Geol. Fören. Stock. För. 106 (1984) 127-130
63. Tullborg E.-L., Landström O., and Wallin B. Low-temperature trace element mobility influenced by biogenic activity - Indications from fracture calcite and pyrite in crystalline basement. Chem. Geol. 157 (1999) 199-218
64. Tullborg, E.-L., Smellie, J.A.T., MacKenzie, A.B., 2003. The use of natural uranium decay series studies in support of understanding redox conditions at potential radioactive waste disposal sites. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. vol. 807, Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXVII, 571-576.
65. Vaniman D.T., and Chipera S.J. Paleotransport of lanthanides and strontium recorded in calcite compositions from tuffs at Yucca Montain, Nevada, USA. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60 (1996) 4417-4433
66. Wahlgren, C.-H., Hermanson, J., Curtis, P., Forsberg, O., Triumf, C.-A., Drake, H., Tullborg, E.-L., 2005. Geological description of rock domains and deformation zones in the Simpevarp and Laxemar subareas. SKB R-report R-05-69. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden. .
67. Wallin B., and Peterman Z. Calcite fracture fillings as indicators of palaeohydrogeology at Laxemar and the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, southern Sweden. Appl. Geochem. 14 (1999) 953-962
68. Whelan J.F., Paces J.B., and Peterman Z.E. Physical and stable-isotope evidence for formation of secondary calcite and silica in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Appl. Geochem. 17 (2002) 735-750