Potentiometrically measured Eh in groundwaters from the Scandinavian Shield

Applied Geochemistry

Volumn 23, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 1820-1833

  Auque L ^a   Gimeno, M J ^a   Gomez J ^a   Nilsson, A C ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZARAGOZA   (Spain)

^b Geosigma AB   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTROCHEMISTRY; NUCLEAR FUELS; PARAMETER ESTIMATION; PH EFFECTS; RADIOACTIVE WASTES; WASTEWATER DISPOSAL;

OXYHYDROXIDES; REDOX PAIRS;

GROUNDWATER;

BOREHOLE; CARBON; DISSOLVED OXYGEN; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; GOLD; GROUNDWATER; HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY; MEASUREMENT METHOD; PH; PLATINUM; SULFIDE;

EURASIA; EUROPE; NORTHERN EUROPE; SCANDINAVIA; SWEDEN;

EID: 45049086494     PISSN: 08832927     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.02.016     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Almén K., Andersson P., Ekman L., Gustafsson E., Smellie J., and Tullborg E.-L. Preliminary investigations of fracture zones in the Brandan area, Finnsjön study site. SKB Technical Report (1986) 86-105
2. Appelo C.A.J., and Postma D. Geochemistry, Groundwater and Pollution. second ed. (2005), Balkema, Rotterdam
3. Ball, J.W., Nordstrom, D.K., 2001. User's manual for WATEQ4F, with revised thermodynamic data base and test cases for calculating speciation of major, trace, and redox elements in natural waters. U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep. 91-183.
4. Berner R.A. Thermodynamic stability of sedimentary iron sulfides. Am. J. Sci. 265 (1967) 773-785
5. Blomqvist, R., Ruskeeniemi, T., Kaija, J., Ahonen, L., Paananen, M., Smellie, J., Grundfelt, G., Pedersen, K, Bruno, J., Pérez del Villar, L., Cera, E., Rasilainen, K., Pitkänen, P., Suksi, J., Casanova, J., Read, D., Frape, S., 2000. The Palmottu Natural Analogue Project. Phase II: transport of radionuclides in a natural flow system. European Commission, Final Report, Phase II.
6. Bruno, J., Cera, E., Grivé, M., Rollin, C., Ahonen, L., Kaija, J., Blomqvist, R., El Aamrani, F.Z., Casas, I., de Pablo, J., 1999. Redox processes in the Palmottu uranium deposit. Redox measurements and redox controls in the Palmottu system. Draft. Informe 64023. ENRESA.
7. Christensen T.H., Bjerg P.L., Banwart S.A., Jacobsen R., Heron G., and Albrechtsen H.-J. Characterization of redox conditions in groundwater contaminant plumes. J. Contam. Hydrol. 45 (2000) 165-241
8. Davison W., Phillips N., and Tabner B.J. Soluble iron sulfide species in natural waters: reappraisal of their stoichiometry and stability constants. Aquat. Sci. 61 (1999) 23-43
9. Drever J.I. The Geochemistry of Natural Waters. Surface and Groundwater Environments. third ed. (1997), Prentice Hall
10. Glynn, P.D., Voss, C.I., 1999. SITE-94. Geochemical characterization of Simpevarp ground waters near the Äspö Hard Rock laboratory. SKI Report 96-29, SKI, Stockholm, Sweden.
11. Grenthe I., Stumm W., Laaksoharju M., Nilsson A.C., and Wikberg P. Redox potentials and redox reactions in deep groundwater systems. Chem. Geol. 98 (1992) 131-150
12. Hallbeck L., and Pedersen K. Characterization of microbial processes in deep aquifers of the Fennoscandian Shield. Appl. Geochem. 23 (2008) 1796-1819
13. Haveman S.A., and Pedersen K. Distribution of culturable microorganisms in Fennoscandian Shield groundwater. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 39 (2002) 129-137
14. Laaksoharju, M., Gimeno, M., Auqué, L., Gómez, J., Smellie, J., Tullborg, E.-L., Gurban, I., 2004a. Hydrogeochemical evaluation of the Forsmark site, model version 1.1. SKB Report 04-05, SKB, Stockholm, Sweden.
15. Laaksoharju, M., Smellie, J., Gimeno, M., Auqué, L., Gómez, J., Tullborg, E.-L., Gurban, I., 2004b. Hydrogeochemical evaluation of the Simpevarp area, model version 1.1. SKB Report 04-16, SKB, Stockholm, Sweden.
16. Laaksoharju, M., Smellie, J.A.T., Nilsson, A.-C., Skarman, C., 1995. Groundwater sampling and chemical characterisation of the Laxemar deep borehole KLX02. SKB Technical Report 95-05. SKB, Stockholm, Sweden.
17. Laaksoharju M., Smellie J.A.T., Tullborg E.-L., Gimeno M., Molinero J., Gurban I., and Hallbeck L. Hydrogeochemical evaluation and modelling performed within the site investigation programme. Appl. Geochem. 23 (2008) 1761-1795
18. Langmuir D. Aqueous Environmental Geochemistry (1997), Prentice Hall
19. Lindberg R.D., and Runnells D.D. Ground water redox reactions: an analysis of equilibrium state applied to Eh measurements and geochemical modelling. Science 225 (1984) 925-927
20. 3+ ion activities to compute Eh and ferric oxyhydroxide solubilities in anaerobic systems. In: Melchior, D.C., Basset, R.L. (Eds.), Chemical Modeling of Aqueous Systems II. Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser. 416, pp. 350-367.
21. Nordstrom D.K., and Munoz J.L. Geochemical Thermodynamics. second ed. (1994), Blackwell Scientific Publications
22. Nordstrom, D.K., Puigdomenech, I., 1986. Redox chemistry of deep ground-waters in Sweden. SKB Technical Report 86-03, SKB, Stockholm, Sweden.
23. Nordstrom, D.K., Jenne, E.A., Ball, J.W., 1979. Redox equilibria of iron in acid mine waters. In: Jenne, E.A. (Ed.), Chemical Modeling in Aqueous Systems. Am. Chem.Soc. Symp. Ser. 93, pp. 51-79 (Chapter 3).
24. Parkhurst, D.L., Appelo, C.A.J., 1999. User's guide to PHREEQC (Version 2), a computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations. U.S. Geol. Surv. Water-Resour. Invest. Rep. 99-4259.
25. Pedersen, K., 1997. Investigations of subterranean microorganisms and their importance for performance assessment of radioactive waste disposal. Results and conclusions achieved during the period 1995 to 1997. SKB Technical Report 97-22.
26. Rickard D. The chemistry of iron sulfide formation at low temperatures. Stockholm Contrib. Geol. 20 (1969) 67-95
27. Rickard D.T. Experimental concentration-time curves for the iron(II) sulphide precipitation precess in aqueous solutions and their interpretation. Chem. Geol. 78 (1989) 315-324
28. Rickard D.T. Kinetics of FeS precipitation. Part 1, Competing reaction mechanisms. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59 (1995) 4367-4379
29. 2S oxidation of iron(II) monosulfide in aqueous solutions between 25 and 125∞C: The rate equation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61 (1997) 115-134
30. SKB, 1992. SKB-91. Final disposal of spent nuclear fuel. Importance of the bedrock for safety. SKB Technical Report 92-20. SKB, Stockholm.
31. SKB, 2001. Site investigations: investigative methods and general execution programme. SKB TR-01-29, Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB.
32. Smellie, J.A.T., Laaksoharju, M., 1992. The Äspö hard rock laboratory: final evaluation of the hydrogeochemical pre-investigations in relation to existing geologic and hydraulic conditions. SKB Technical Report 92-31. SKB, Stockholm, Sweden.
33. Stumm W., and Morgan J.J. Aquatic Chemistry. Chemical Equilibria and Rates in Natural Waters. third ed. (1996), Wiley-Interscience Publication
34. Wacker, P., Berg, C., Bergelin, A., 2004a. Oskarshamn site investigation. Complete hydrochemical characterisation in KSH01A. Results from four investigated sections, 156.5-167.0, 245.0-261.6, 586.0-596.7 and 548.0-565.4 m. SKB, P-04-12.
35. Wacker, P., Berg, C., Bergelin, A., Nilsson, A.C., 2005c. Forsmark site investigation. Hydrochemical characterisation in KFM05A. Results from an investigated section at 712.6-722.0 m. SKB P-05-79.
36. Wacker, P., Bergelin, A., Berg, C., Nilsson, A.C., 2004b. Forsmark site investigation. Hydrochemical characterisation in KFM04A. Results from two investigated borehole sections: 230.0-237.6 and 354.0-361.1 m. SKB, P-04-109.
37. Wacker, P., Bergelin, A., Berg, C., Nilsson, A.C., 2004c. Forsmark site investigation. Hydrochemical characterisation in KFM03A. Results from six investigated borehole sections: 386.0-391.0 m, 448.9-453.0 m, 448.5-455.6 m, 639-646.1 m, 939.5-946.6, 980-1001.2 m. SKB P-04-108.
38. Wacker, P., Bergelin, A., Nilsson, A.C., 2003. Forsmark site investigation. Complete hydrochemical characterisation in KFM01A. Results from two investigated sections: 110.1-120.8 and 176.8-183.9 m. SKB, P-03-94.
39. Wacker, P., Bergelin, A., Nilsson, A.C., 2004d. Forsmark site investigation. Hydrochemical characterisation in KFM02A. Results from three investigated borehole sections: 106.5-126.5, 413.5-433.5 m and 509.0-516.1 m. SKB, P-04-70.
40. Wacker, P., Berg, C., Nilsson, A.C., 2005a. Forsmark site investigation. Chemical characterisation in borehole KFM06A. Results from the investigated sections at 353.5-360.6 and 768.0-775.1 m. SKB P-05-178.
41. Wacker, P., Berg, C., Nilsson, A.C., 2005b. Forsmark site investigation. Chemical characterisation in borehole KFM07A. Results from the investigated section at 848.0-1001.55 m. SKB P-05-170.
42. Whitfield M. Thermodynamic limitations on the use of the platinum electrode in Eh measurements. Limnol. Oceanogr. 19 (1974) 857-865
43. Wikberg, P., 1987. The chemistry of deep groundwaters in crystalline rocks. Ph.D. Thesis. Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm.