Corticosteroids for treating nerve damage in leprosy

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn , Issue 2, 2007, Pages

  Van Veen, Natasja H J ^a   Nicholls, P G ^b   Smith, W C S ^b   Richardus, J H ^b  

^a ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Glucocorticoids *therapeutic use ; Leprosy *complications ; Peripheral nervous system diseases diagnosis; *drug therapy; etiology ; Prednisolone therapeutic use ; Randomized controlled trials as topic

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID; PLACEBO; PREDNISOLONE;

ACNE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIABETES MELLITUS; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LEPROSY; MOON FACE; MOTOR NERVE; MYCOSIS; NERVE FUNCTION; NERVE INJURY; PSYCHOSIS; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SENSORY NERVE; STOMACH PAIN; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 44949172614     PISSN: 1469493X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005491.pub2     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. Rao 2006 {published data only} Sundar Rao PSS, Sugamaran DST, Richard J, Smith WCS. Multicentre, double blind, randomized trial of three steroid regimens in the treatment of type-1 reactions in leprosy. Leprosy Review 2006;77(1):25-33.
2. Richardus 2003 {published data only} Richardus JH, Withington SG, Anderson AM, Croft RP, Nicholls PG, Van Brakel WH, Smith WC. Treatment with corticosteroids of long-standing nerve function impairment in leprosy: a randomized controlled trial (TRIPOD 3). Leprosy Review 2003;74(4):311-8.
3. Van Brakel 2003 {published data only} Van Brakel WH, Anderson AM, Withington SG, Croft RP, Nicholls PG, Richardus JH, et al.The prognostic importance of detecting mild sensory impairment in leprosy: a randomized controlled trial (TRIPOD 2). Leprosy Review 2003;74(4):300-10.
4. Boucher 1999 Boucher P, Millan J, Parent M, Moulia-Pela JP. Randomized controlled trial of medical and medico-surgical treatment of Hansen's neuritis [Essai compare randomise du traitement medical et medicochirurgical des nevrites hanseniennes]. Acta Leprologica 1999;11(4):171-7.
5. Croft 2000 Croft RP, Nicholls PG, Richardus JH, Smith WC. The treatment of acute nerve function impairment in leprosy: results froma prospective cohort study in Bangladesh. Leprosy Review 2000;71(2):154-68.
6. Dandapat 1991 Dandapat MC, Sahu DM, Mukherjee LM, Panda C, Baliarsing AS. Treatment of leprous neuritis by neurolysis combined with perineural corticosteroid injection. Leprosy Review 1991;62(1):27- 34.
7. Ebenezer 1996 Ebenezer M, Andrews P, Solomon S. Comparative trial of steroids and surgical intervention in the management of ulnar neuritis. International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases 1996;64 (3):282-6.
8. Marlowe 2004 Marlowe SN, Hawksworth RA, Butlin CR, Nicholls PG, Lockwood DN. Clinical outcomes in a randomized controlled study comparing azathioprine and prednisolone versus prednisolone alone in the treatment of severe leprosy type 1 reactions in Nepal. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2004;98(10):602-9.
9. Pannikar 1984 Pannikar VK, Ramprasad S, Reddy NR, Andrews P, Ravi K, Fritschi EP. Effect of epicondylectomy in early ulnar neuritis treated with steroids. International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases 1984;52(4):501-5.
10. Smith 2004 Smith WC, Anderson AM, Withington SG, van Brakel WH, Croft RP, Nicholls PG, Richardus JH. Steroid prophylaxis for prevention of nerve function impairment in leprosy: randomised placebo controlled trial (TRIPOD 1). British Medical Journal 2004;328(7454):1459.
11. Wilder-Smith 1997 Wilder-Smith, A. Wilder-Smith A, Wilder-Smith E. Effect of steroid therapy on parameters of peripheral autonomic dysfunction in leprosy patients with acute neuritis. International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases 1997;65(1):20-7.
12. Anderson 1999 Anderson AM, Croft RP. Reliability of Semmes Weinstein monofilament and ballpoint sensory testing, and voluntary muscle testing in Bangladesh. Leprosy Review 1999;70(3):305-13.
13. Becx-Bleumink 1990 Becx-Bleumink M, Berhe D, Mannetje W. The management of nerve damage in the leprosy control services. Leprosy Review 1990;61(1):1-11.
14. Bell-Krotoski 1990 Bell-Krotoski JA. "Pocket filaments" and specifications for the Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments. Journal of Hand Therapy 1990;3:26-31.
15. Brandsma 1981 Brandsma W. Basic nerve function assessment in leprosy patients. Leprosy Review 1981;52(2):161-70.
16. Britton 1998 Britton WJ. The management of leprosy reversal reactions. Leprosy Review 1998;69(3):225-34.
17. Conn 1994 Conn HO, Poynard T. Corticosteroids and peptic ulcer: meta-analysis of adverse events during steroid therapy. Journal of Internal Medicine 1994;236:619-32.
18. Croft 1999 Croft RP, Richardus JH, Nicholls PG, Smith WC. Nerve function impairment in leprosy: design, methodology, and intake status of a prospective cohort study of 2664 new leprosy cases in Bangladesh (The Bangladesh Acute Nerve Damage Study). Leprosy Review 1999;70(2):140-59.
19. Heijnders 2004 Heijnders ML. The dynamics of stigma in leprosy. International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases 2004;72(4):437-47.
20. ILEP 2001 The International Federation of Anti-Leprosy Associations (ILEP). How to diagnose and treat leprosy. London: ILEP, 2001.
21. ILEP 2002 The International Federation of Anti-Leprosy Associations (ILEP). How to recognise and manage reactions. London: ILEP, 2002.
22. Job 1989 Job CK. Nerve damage in leprosy. International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases 1989;57(2):532-9.
23. Koelewijn 2003 Koelewijn LF, Meima A, Broekhuis SM, Richardus JH, Mitchell PD, Benbow C, Saunderson PR. Sensory testing in leprosy: comparison of ballpoint pen andmonofilaments. Leprosy Review 2003;74(1):42-52.
24. Leekassa 2004 Leekassa R, Bizuneh E, Alem A. Prevalence of mental distress in the outpatient clinic of a specialized leprosy hospital. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2002. Leprosy Review 2004;75(4):367-75.
25. Lienhardt 1994 Lienhardt C, Fine PEM. Type 1 reaction, neuritis and disability in leprosy. What is the current epidemiological situation?. Leprosy Review 1994;65(1):9-33.
26. Little 2001 Little D, Khanolkar-Young S, Coulthart A, Suneetha S, Lockwood DN. mmunohistochemical analysis of cellular infiltrate and gamma interferon, interleukin-12, and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in leprosy type 1 (reversal) reactions before and during prednisolone treatment. Infection and Immunity 2001;69(5):3413-7.
27. Lockwood 1993 Lockwood DN, Vinayakumar S, Stanley JN, McAdam KP, Colston MJ. Clinical features and outcome of reversal (type 1) reactions in Hyderabad, India. International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases 1993;61(1):8-15.
28. Lockwood 2000 Lockwood DN. Steroids in leprosy type 1 (reversal) reactions: mechanisms of action and effectiveness. Leprosy Review 2000;71 (Supplement):S111-4.
29. Lockwood 2005 Lockwood DN, Suneetha S. Leprosy: too complex a disease for a simple elimination paradigm. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2005;83(3):230-5.
30. Naafs 1979 Naafs B, Pearson JM, Wheate HW. Reversal reaction: the prevention of permanent nerve damage. Comparison of short and longterm steroid treatment. International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases 1979;47(1):7-12.
31. Naafs 1996 Naafs B. Treatment of reactions and nerve damage. International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases 1996;64(4 Supplement): S21-8.
32. Naafs 2003 Naafs B. Treatment duration of reversal reaction: a reappraisal. Back to the past. Leprosy Review 2003;74(4):328-36.
33. Naik 1998 Naik SS, Ganapati R. Socioeconomics of a global leprosy eradication programme. Pharmacoeconomics 1998;13(6):677-86.
34. Nicholls 2003 Nicholls PG, Croft RP, Richardus, JH, Withington SG, Smith WC. Delay in presentation, an indicator for nerve function status at registration and for treatment outcome - the experience of the Bangladesh Acute Nerve Damage Study cohort. Leprosy Review 2003;74(4):349-56.
35. Pearson 1981 Pearson JM. The use of corticosteroids in leprosy. Leprosy Review 1981;52(4):293-8.
36. Pearson 1982 Pearson JMH. The evaluation of nerve damage in leprosy. Leprosy Review 1982;53(2):119-30.
37. Rafferty 2005 Rafferty J. Curing the stigma of leprosy. Leprosy Review 2005;76(2):119-26.
38. Ravi 2004 Ravi HN, George R, Eapen EP, Pulimood SA, Gnanamuthu C, Jacob M, et al.A comparison of economic aspects of hospitalization versus ambulatory care in the management of neuritis occurring in lepra reaction. International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases 2004;72(4):448-56.
39. Richardus 2003a Richardus JH, Withington SG, Anderson AM, Croft RP, Nicholls PG, Van Brakel WH, et al.Adverse events of standardized regimens of corticosteroids for prophylaxis and treatment of nerve function impairment in leprosy: results from the 'TRIPOD' trials. Leprosy Review 2003;74(4):319-27.
40. Ridley 1966 Ridley DS, Jopling WH. Classification of leprosy according to immunity. A five-group system. International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases 1966;34(3):255-73.
41. Rose 1991 Rose P, Waters MF. Reversal reactions in leprosy and their management. Leprosy Review 1991;62(2):113-21.
42. Saunderson 2000 Saunderson P, Gebre S, Desta K, Byass P, Lockwood DN. The pattern of leprosy-related neuropathy in the AMFES patients in Ethiopia: definitions, incidence, risk factors and outcome. Leprosy Review 2000;71(3):285-308.
43. Schreuder 1998 Schreuder PA. The occurrence of reactions and impairments in leprosy: experience in the leprosy control program of three provinces in northeastern Thailand, 1987-1995 [correction of 1978-1995]. III. Neural and other impairments. International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases 1998;66(2):170-81.
44. Sugumaran 1998 Sugumaran DS. Leprosy reactions - complications of steroid therapy. International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases 1998;66(1):10-5.
45. Van Brakel 1996 van Brakel WH, Khawas IB. Nerve function impairment in leprosy: an epidemiological and clinical study - Part 2: Results of steroid treatment. Leprosy Review 1996;67(2):104-18.
46. Van Brakel 2005 van Brakel WH, Nicholls PG, Das L, Barkataki P, Suneetha SK, Jadhav RS, et al.The INFIR Cohort Study: investigating prediction, detection and pathogenesis of neuropathy and reactions in leprosy. Methods and baseline results of a cohort of multibacillary leprosy patients in north India. Leprosy Review 2005;76(3):14-34.
47. WHO 1995 World Health Organization. WHO Action Programme for the Elimination of Leprosy. A guide to eliminate leprosy as a public health problem. World Health Organization 1995.
48. WHO 1998 World Health Organization. WHO Expert Committee on Leprosy [editorial]. World Health Organization Technical Report Series 1998;874:1-43.
49. WHO 2004 World Health Organization. WHO Leprosy Elimination Project: Status Report 2003. Geneva: World Health Organization.
50. WHO 2006a World Health Organization. Leprosy. http://www.who.int/ mediacentre/factsheets/fs101/en/index.html (Accessed 27 November 2006).
51. WHO 2006b World Health Organization. Global leprosy situation, 2006. Weekly Epidemiological Record 2006;81(32):309-16.