Do calorie restriction or alternate-day fasting regimens modulate adipose tissue physiology in a way that reduces chronic disease risk?

Nutrition Reviews

Volumn 66, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 333-342

  Varady, Krista A ^a   Hellerstein, Marc K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Adipose tissue; Alternate day fasting; Calorie restriction; Circulating adipokines; Fat cell size

Indexed keywords

ADIPOCYTOKINE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADIPOCYTE; ADIPOSE TISSUE; CALORIC RESTRICTION; CYTOKINE RELEASE; DIET RESTRICTION; HEALTH HAZARD; HUMAN; LIPOLYSIS; MORPHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION;

ADIPOCYTES; ADIPONECTIN; ADIPOSE TISSUE; ANIMALS; CALORIC RESTRICTION; CHRONIC DISEASE; FASTING; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; TRIGLYCERIDES;

EID: 44849119874     PISSN: 00296643     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00041.x     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. Shoelson SE, Herrero L, Naaz A. Obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Gastroenterology. 2007 132 : 2169 2180.
2. Hursting SD, Nunez NP, Varticovski L, Vinson C. The obesity-cancer link: lessons learned from a fatless mouse. Cancer Res. 2007 67 : 2391 2393.
3. Rondinone CM. Adipocyte-derived hormones, cytokines, and mediators. Endocrine. 2006 29 : 81 90.
4. Ahima RS. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006 14 (suppl 5 S242 S249.
5. Avram MM, Avram AS, James WD. Subcutaneous fat in normal and diseased states: 1. Introduction. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005 53 : 663 670.
6. Smith J, Al-Amri M, Dorairaj P, Sniderman A. The adipocyte life cycle hypothesis. Clin Sci (Lond). 2006 110 : 1 9.
7. Fontana L, Klein S. Aging, adiposity, and calorie restriction. JAMA. 2007 297 : 986 994.
8. Gredilla R, Barja G. Minireview: the role of oxidative stress in relation to caloric restriction and longevity. Endocrinology. 2005 146 : 3713 3717.
9. Hursting SD, Lavigne JA, Berrigan D, Perkins SN, Barrett JC. Calorie restriction, aging, and cancer prevention: mechanisms of action and applicability to humans. Annu Rev Med. 2003 54 : 131 152.
10. Varady KA, Hellerstein MK. Alternate-day fasting and chronic disease prevention: a review of human and animal trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 86 : 7 13.
11. Varady KA, Roohk DJ, Loe YC, McEvoy-Hein BK, Hellerstein MK. Effects of modified alternate-day fasting regimens on adipocyte size, triglyceride metabolism and plasma adiponectin levels in mice. J Lipid Res. 2007 48 : 2212 2219.
12. Varady KA, Roohk DJ, Hellerstein MK. Dose effects of modified alternate-day fasting regimens on in vivo cell proliferation and plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 in mice. J Appl Physiol. 2007 103 : 547 551.
13. Redman LM, Heilbronn LK, Martin CK, Alfonso A, Smith SR, Ravussin E. Effect of calorie restriction with or without exercise on body composition and fat distribution. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 92 : 865 872.
14. Weyer C, Foley JE, Bogardus C, Tataranni PA, Pratley RE. Enlarged subcutaneous abdominal adipocyte size, but not obesity itself, predicts type II diabetes independent of insulin resistance. Diabetologia. 2000 43 : 1498 1506.
15. Heilbronn L, Smith SR, Ravussin E. Failure of fat cell proliferation, mitochondrial function and fat oxidation results in ectopic fat storage, insulin resistance and type II diabetes mellitus. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004 28 (suppl 4 S12 S21.
16. Ryysy L, Hakkinen AM, Goto T, et al. Hepatic fat content and insulin action on free fatty acids and glucose metabolism rather than insulin absorption are associated with insulin requirements during insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes. 2000 49 : 749 758.
17. Goodpaster BH, Thaete FL, Kelley DE. Thigh adipose tissue distribution is associated with insulin resistance in obesity and in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 71 : 885 892.
18. Suganami T, Nishida J, Ogawa Y. A paracrine loop between adipocytes and macrophages aggravates inflammatory changes: role of free fatty acids and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 25 : 2062 2068.
19. Reardon MF, Goldrick RB, Fidge NH. Dependence of rates of lipolysis, esterification, and free fatty acid release in isolated fat cells on age, cell size, and nutritional state. J Lipid Res. 1973 14 : 319 326.
20. Jaiswal M, LaRusso NF, Burgart LJ, Gores GJ. Inflammatory cytokines induce DNA damage and inhibit DNA repair in cholangiocarcinoma cells by a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Cancer Res. 2000 60 : 184 190.
21. Larson-Meyer DE, Heilbronn LK, Redman LM, et al. Effect of calorie restriction with or without exercise on insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, fat cell size, and ectopic lipid in overweight subjects. Diabetes Care. 2006 29 : 1337 1344.
22. Cha MC, Johnson JA, Hsu CY, Boozer CN. High-fat hypocaloric diet modifies carbohydrate utilization of obese rats during weight loss. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001 280 : E797 803.
23. Yang MU, Presta E, Bjorntorp P. Refeeding after fasting in rats: effects of duration of starvation and refeeding on food efficiency in diet-induced obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990 51 : 970 978.
24. Tzur R, Rose-Kahn G, Adler JH, Bar-Tana J. Hypolipidemic, antiobesity, and hypoglycemic-hypoinsulinemic effects of beta,beta'-methyl-substituted hexadecanedioic acid in sand rats. Diabetes. 1988 37 : 1618 1624.
25. Porter MH, Fine JB, Cutchins AG, Bai Y, DiGirolamo M. Sexual dimorphism in the response of adipose mass and cellularity to graded caloric restriction. Obes Res. 2004 12 : 131 140.
26. Votruba SB, Jensen MD. Regional fat deposition as a factor in FFA metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr. 2007 27 : 149 163.
27. Bjorntorp P, Karlsson M. Triglyceride synthesis in human subcutaneous adipose tissue cells of different size. Eur J Clin Invest. 1970 1 : 112 117.
28. Holm G, Jacobsson B, Bjorntorp P, Smith U. Effects of age and cell size on rat adipose tissue metabolism. J Lipid Res. 1975 16 : 461 464.
29. Jamdar SC. Glycerolipid biosynthesis in rat adipose tissue. Influence of adipose-cell size and site of adipose tissue on triacylglycerol formation in lean and obese rats. Biochem J. 1978 170 : 153 160.
30. Hellstrom L, Reynisdottir S, Langin D, Rossner S, Arner P. Regulation of lipolysis in fat cells of obese women during long-term hypocaloric diet. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1996 20 : 745 752.
31. Hagstrom-Toft E, Thorne A, Reynisdottir S, et al. Evidence for a major role of skeletal muscle lipolysis in the regulation of lipid oxidation during caloric restriction in vivo. Diabetes. 2001 50 : 1604 1611.
32. Labayen I, Diez N, Parra MD, Gonzalez A, Martinez JA. Time-course changes in macronutrient metabolism induced by a nutritionally balanced low-calorie diet in obese women. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2004 55 : 27 35.
33. Wang Z, Al-Regaiey KA, Masternak MM, Bartke A. Adipocytokines and lipid levels in Ames dwarf and calorie-restricted mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006 61 : 323 331.
34. Novelli M, De Tata V, Masiello P. Calorie restriction counteracts the impairment of adipocyte insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in aging rats, but not that induced by dexamethasone treatment. Biogerontology. 2004 5 : 11 16.
35. Sugden MC, Grimshaw RM, Holness MJ. Caloric restriction leads to regional specialisation of adipocyte function in the rat. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 1437 : 202 213.
36. Fruebis J, Tsao TS, Javorschi S, et al. Proteolytic cleavage product of 30-kDa adipocyte complement-related protein increases fatty acid oxidation in muscle and causes weight loss in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001 98 : 2005 2010.
37. Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Waki H, et al. The fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity. Nat Med. 2001 7 : 941 946.
38. Hotta K, Funahashi T, Arita Y, et al. Plasma concentrations of a novel, adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in type 2 diabetic patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000 20 : 1595 1599.
39. Maffei M, Fei H, Lee GH, et al. Increased expression in adipocytes of ob RNA in mice with lesions of the hypothalamus and with mutations at the db locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995 92 : 6957 6960.
40. Leibel RL. The role of leptin in the control of body weight. Nutr Rev. 2002 60 (Suppl S15 S19 discussion S68 S84, S85 S17.
41. Konstantinides S, Schafer K, Koschnick S, Loskutoff DJ. Leptin-dependent platelet aggregation and arterial thrombosis suggests a mechanism for atherothrombotic disease in obesity. J Clin Invest. 2001 108 : 1533 1540.
42. Park HY, Kwon HM, Lim HJ, et al. Potential role of leptin in angiogenesis: leptin induces endothelial cell proliferation and expression of matrix metalloproteinases in vivo and in vitro. Exp Mol Med. 2001 33 : 95 102.
43. Steppan CM, Bailey ST, Bhat S, et al. The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes. Nature. 2001 409 : 307 312.
44. Hotamisligil GS, Shargill NS, Spiegelman BM. Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science. 1993 259 : 87 91.
45. Weisberg SP, McCann D, Desai M, Rosenbaum M, Leibel RL, Ferrante Jr AW. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest. 2003 112 : 1796 1808.
46. Hotamisligil GS, Arner P, Caro JF, Atkinson RL, Spiegelman BM. Increased adipose tissue expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 1995 95 : 2409 2415.
47. Anderlova K, Kremen J, Dolezalova R, et al. The influence of very-low-calorie-diet on serum leptin, soluble leptin receptor, adiponectin and resistin levels in obese women. Physiol Res. 2006 55 : 277 283.
48. Garaulet M, Viguerie N, Porubsky S, et al. Adiponectin gene expression and plasma values in obese women during very-low-calorie diet. Relationship with cardiovascular risk factors and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 89 : 756 760.
49. Lejeune MP, Hukshorn CJ, Saris WH, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Effects of very low calorie diet induced body weight loss with or without human pegylated recombinant leptin treatment on changes in ghrelin and adiponectin concentrations. Physiol Behav. 2007 91 : 274 280.
50. Salas-Salvado J, Bullo M, Garcia-Lorda P, et al. Subcutaneous adipose tissue cytokine production is not responsible for the restoration of systemic inflammation markers during weight loss. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006 30 : 1714 1720.
51. Weiss EP, Racette SB, Villareal DT, et al. Improvements in glucose tolerance and insulin action induced by increasing energy expenditure or decreasing energy intake: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 84 : 1033 1042.
52. Xydakis AM, Case CC, Jones PH, et al. Adiponectin, inflammation, and the expression of the metabolic syndrome in obese individuals: the impact of rapid weight loss through caloric restriction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 89 : 2697 2703.
53. Arita Y, Kihara S, Ouchi N, et al. Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 257 : 79 83.
54. Fogteloo J, Meinders E, Frolich M, McCamish M, Pijl H. The decline in plasma leptin in response to calorie restriction predicts the effects of adjunctive leptin treatment on body weight in humans. Eur J Intern Med. 2003 14 : 415 418.
55. Kok P, Roelfsema F, Langendonk JG, et al. High circulating thyrotropin levels in obese women are reduced after body weight loss induced by caloric restriction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 90 : 4659 4663.
56. Miyawaki T, Masuzaki H, Ogawa Y, et al. Clinical implications of leptin and its potential humoral regulators in long-term low-calorie diet therapy for obese humans. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 56 : 593 600.
57. Thompson WG, Rostad Holdman N, Janzow DJ, Slezak JM, Morris KL, Zemel MB. Effect of energy-reduced diets high in dairy products and fiber on weight loss in obese adults. Obes Res. 2005 13 : 1344 1353.
58. Vogels N, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Categorical strategies based on subject characteristics of dietary restraint and physical activity, for weight maintenance. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005 29 : 849 857.
59. Lehrke M, Reilly MP, Millington SC, Iqbal N, Rader DJ, Lazar MA. An inflammatory cascade leading to hyperresistinemia in humans. PLoS Med. 2004 1 : E45.
60. Johnson JB, Summer W, Cutler RG, et al. Alternate day calorie restriction improves clinical findings and reduces markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in overweight adults with moderate asthma. Free Radic Biol Med. 2007 42 : 665 674.
61. Halberg N, Henriksen M, Soderhamn N, et al. Effect of intermittent fasting and refeeding on insulin action in healthy men. J Appl Physiol. 2005 99 : 2128 2136.
62. Skurk T, Alberti-Huber C, Herder C, Hauner H. Relationship between adipocyte size and adipokine expression and secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 92 : 1023 1033.