Clinical and economic consequences of antibiotic-impregnated cerebrospinal fluid shunt catheters

Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics

Volumn 1, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 444-450

  Eymann, Regina ^a   Chehab, Somar ^a   Strowitzki, Martin ^a   Steudel, Wolf Ingo ^a   Kiefer, Michael ^a  

^a SAARLAND UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Adverse effect; Antibiotic impregnated catheter; Complication; Hydrocephalus; Shunt; Shunt infection

Indexed keywords

CLINDAMYCIN; RIFAMPICIN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CATHETER; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID DRAINAGE; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SHUNTING; CONTROLLED STUDY; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HYDROCEPHALUS; INFECTION CONTROL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SHUNT INFECTION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; CATHETERS, INDWELLING; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SHUNTS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COHORT STUDIES; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; HUMANS; HYDROCEPHALUS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MIDDLE AGED; PROSTHESIS-RELATED INFECTIONS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES;

EID: 44849115689     PISSN: 19330707     EISSN: 19330715     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3171/PED/2008/1/6/444     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Ammirati M, Raimondi A: Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections in children. A study of the relationship between the etiology and hydrocephalus, age at the time of shunt placement, and infection rate. Childs Nerv Syst 3:106-109, 1987
2. Aryan HE, Meltzer HS, Park MS, Bennett RL, Jandial R, Levy ML: Initial experience with antibiotic-impregnated silicone catheters for shunting of cerebrospinal fluid in children. Childs Nerv Syst 21:56-61, 2005
3. Bayston R, Ashraf W, Bhundia C: Mode of action of an antimicrobial biomaterial for use in hydrocephalus shunts. J Antimicrob Chemother 53:778-782, 2004
4. Bayston R, Bhundia C, Ashraf W: Hydromer-coated catheters to prevent shunt infections? J Neurosurg 102 (2 Suppl):207-212, 2005
5. Bayston R, Grove N, Siegel J, Lawellin D, Barsham S: Prevention of hydrocephalus shunt catheter colonisation in vitro by impregnation with antimicrobials. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 52:605-609, 1989
6. Bayston R, Lari J: A study of the sources of infection in colonised shunts. Dev Med Child Neurol 16 (6 Suppl):16-22, 1974
7. Bayston R, Mills A, Howdle SM, Ashraf W: Comment on: the increasing use of silver-based products as antimicrobial agents: a useful development or a cause for concern? J Antimicrob Chemother 60:447, 2007
8. Boelens JJ, Tan WF, Dankert J, Zaat SAJ: Antibacterial activity of antibiotic-soaked polyvinylpyrrolidone-grafted silicon elastomer hydrocephalus shunts. J Antimicrob Chemother 45:221-224, 2000
9. Borgbjerg BM, Gjerris F, Albeck MJ, Borgesen SE: Risk of infection after cerebrospinal fluid shunt: an analysis of 884 first-time shunts. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 136:1-7, 1995
10. Boynton BR, Boynton CA, Merritt TA, Vaucher YE, James HE, Bejar RF: Ventriculoperitoneal shunts in low birth weight infants with intracranial hemorrhage: neurodevelopmental outcome. Neurosurgery 18:141-145, 1986
11. Chapman PH, Borges LF: Shunt infections: prevention and treatment. Clin Neurosurg 32:652-664, 1985
12. Choksey MS, Malik IA: Zero tolerance to shunt infections: can it be achieved? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 75:87-91, 2004
13. Chopra I: The increasing use of silver-based products as antimicrobial agents: a useful development or a cause for concern? J Antimicron Chemother 59:587-590, 2007
14. Choux M, Genitori L, Lang D, Lena G: Shunt implantation: reducing the incidence of shunt infection. J Neurosurg 77:875-880, 1992
15. Cochrane DD, Kestle JR: The influence of surgical operative experience on the duration of first ventriculoperitoneal shunt function and infection. Pediatr Neurosurg 38:295-301, 2003
16. Cotton MF, Hartzenberg B, Donald PR, Burger PJ: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections in children. A 6-year study. S Afr Med J 79:139-142, 1991
17. Davis SE, Levy ML, McComb JG, Masri-Lavine L: Does age or other factors influence the incidence of ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections? Pediatr Neurosurg 30:253-257, 1999
18. Dennis M, Fitz CR, Netley CT, Sugar J, Harwood-Nash DC, Hendrick EB, et al: The intelligence of hydrocephalic children. Arch Neurol 38:607-615, 1981
19. Drake JM, Kestle JR, Milner R, Cinalli G, Boop F, Piatt J Jr, et al: Randomized trial of cerebrospinal fluid shunt valve design in pediatric hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 43:294-305, 1998
20. Ersahin Y, Mutluer S, Güzelbag E: Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections. J Neurosurg Sci 1994:161-165, 1994
21. Eymann R, Steudel WI, Kiefer M: Pediatric gravitational shunts: initial results from a prospective study. J Neurosurg 106 (3 Suppl):179-184, 2007
22. Faillace WJ: A no-touch technique protocol to diminish cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection. Surg Neurol 43:344-350, 1995
23. Fan-Havard P, Nahata MC: Treatment and prevention of infections of cerebrospinal fluid shunts. Clin Pharm 6:866-880, 1987
24. Fernell E, von Wendt L, Serlo W, Heikkinen E, Andersson H: Ventriculoatrial and ventriculoperitoneal shunts in the treatment of hydrocephalus in children? Z Kinderchir 40 (1 Suppl):12-14, 1985
25. Furno F, Morley KS, Wong B, Sharp BL, Arnold PL, Howdle SM, et al: Silver nanoparticles and polymeric medical devices: a new approach to prevention of infections? J Antimicrob Chemother 54:1019-1024, 2004
26. Gardner P, Leipzig T, Phillips P: Infections of central nervous system shunts. Med Clin North Am 69:297-314, 1985
27. Gardner P, Leipzig TJ, Sadigh M: Infections of mechanical cerebrospinal fluid shunts. Curr Clin Top Infect Dis 9:185-214, 1988
28. George R, Leibrock L, Epstein M: Long-term analysis of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections. A 25-year experience. J Neurosurg 51:804-811, 1979
29. Govender ST, Nathoo N, van Dellen JR: Evaluation of an antibiotic-impregnated shunt system for the treatment of hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg 99:831-839, 2003
30. Gray ED, Peters G, Verstegen M, Regelmann WE: Effect of extracellular slime substance from Staphylococcus epidermis on the human cellular immune response. Lancet 1:365-367, 1984
31. Hampl J, Schierholz J, Jansen B, Aschoff A: In vitro and in vivo efficacy of a rifampin-loaded silicone catheter for the prevention of CSF shunt infections. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 133:147-152, 1995
32. Hunt GM, Holmes AE: Factors relating to intelligence in treated cases of spina bifida cystica. Am J Dis Child 130:823-827, 1976
33. Jimenez DF, Keating R, Goodrich JT: Silicone allergy in ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Childs Nerv Syst 10:59-63, 1994
34. John SF, Hillier VF, Handley PS, Derrick MR: Adhesion of staphylococci to polyurethane and hydrogel-coated polyurethane catheters assayed by an improved radiolabeling technique. J Med Microbiol 43:133-140, 1995
35. Kan P, Kestle J: Lack of efficacy of antibiotic-impregnated shunt systems in preventing shunt infections in children. Childs Nerv Syst 23:773-777, 2007
36. Kanev PM, Sheehan JM: Reflections on shunt infection. Pediatr Neurosurg 39:285-290, 2003
37. Kariyattil R, Steinbok P, Singhal A, Cochrane DD: Ascites and abdominal pseudocysts following ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery: variations of the same theme. J Neurosurg 106 (5 Suppl): 350-353, 2007
38. Kaufman BA: Management of complications of shunting, in McLone DG (ed): Pediatric Neurosurgery: Surgery of the Developing Nervous System, ed 4. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2001, pp 529-547
39. Kestle JR, Cochrane DD, Drake JM: Shunt insertion in the summer: is it safe? J Neurosurg 105 (3 Suppl):165-168, 2006
40. Kestle JR, Drake JM, Cochrane DD, Milner R, Walker ML, Abbott R III, et al: Lack of benefit of endoscopic ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion: a multicenter randomized trial. J Neurosurg 98:284-290, 2003
41. Kestle JR, Garton HJ, Whitehead WE, Drake JM, Kulkarni AV, Cochrane DD, et al: Management of shunt infections: a multicenter pilot study. J Neurosurg 105 (3 Suppl):177-181, 2006
42. Kestle JR, Hoffman HJ, Soloniuk D, Humphreys RP, Drake JM, Hendrick EB: A concerted effort to prevent shunt infections. Childs Nerv Syst 9:163-165, 1993
43. Kiefer M, Eymann R, Leonhardt S, Walter M, Mayer A, Neumann K, et al: Possibilities and limits of automatic detection of pathologic intracranial pressure waves with FFT. Biomed Tech 43:6-13, 1998
44. Kiefer M, Eymann R, Mascarós V, Walter M, Steudel WI: [Significance of hydrostatic valves in the therapy of chronic hydrocephalus.] Nervenarzt 71:975-986, 2000 (Ger)
45. Kiefer M, Eymann R, Steudel WI: The dynamic infusion test in rats. Childs Nerv Syst 16:451-456, 2000
46. Kiefer M, Eymann R, Steudel WI: Outcome predictors for normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir Suppl 96:364-367, 2006
47. Kockro RA, Hampl JA, Jansen B, Peters G, Scheihing M, Giacomelli R, et al: Use of scanning electron microscopy to investigate the prophylactic efficacy of rifampin-impregnated CSF shunt catheters. J Med Microbiol 49:441-450, 2000
48. Kohnen W, Schäper J, Klein O, Tieke B, Jansen B: A silicone ventricular catheter coated with a combination of rifampin and trimethoprim for the prevention of catheter-related infections. Zentralbl Bakteriol 287:147-156, 1998
49. Kulkarni AV, Drake JM, Lamberti-Pasculli M: Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection: a prospective study of risk factors. J Neurosurg 94:195-201, 2001
50. Liptak GS, McDonald JV: Ventriculoperitoneal shunts in children: factors affecting shunt survival. Pediatr Neurosci 12:289-293, 1985
51. Mancao M, Miller C, Cochrane B, Hoff C, Sauter K, Weber E: Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections in infants and children in Mobile, Alabama. Acta Paediatr 87:667-670, 1998
52. O'Kane MC, Richards H, Winfield P, Pickard JD: The United Kingdom Shunt Registry. Eur J Pediatr Surg 7 (1 Suppl):56, 1997 (Abstract)
53. Pattavilakom A, Kotasnas D, Korman TM, Xenos C, Danks A: Duration of in vivo antimicrobial activity of antibiotic-impregnated cerebrospinal fluid catheters. Neurosurgery 58:930-935, 2006
54. Pattavilakom A, Xenos C, Bradfield O, Danks RA: Reduction in shunt infection using antibiotic impregnated CSF shunt catheters: an Australian prospective study. J Clin Neurosci 14:526-531, 2007
55. Peters G, Locci R, Pulverer G: Adherence and growth of coagulase-negative staphylococci on surfaces of intravenous catheters. J Infect Dis 146:479-482, 1982
56. Pople IK, Bayston R, Hayward WD: Infection of cerebrospinal fluid shunts in infants: a study of etiological factors. J Neurosurg 77:29-36, 1992
57. Quigley MR, Reigel DH, Kortyna R: Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections. Report of 41 cases and a critical review of the literature. Pediatr Neurosci 15:111-120, 1989
58. Rainov N, Schobess A, Heidecke V, Burkert W: Abdominal CSF pseudocysts in patients with ventriculo-peritoneal shunts. Report of fourteen cases and review of the literature. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 127:73-78, 1994
59. Ratilal B, Costa J, Sampaio C: Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgical introduction of intracranial ventricular shunts. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD005365, 2006
60. Renier D, Lacombe J, Pierre-Kahn A, Sainte-Rose C, Hirsch JF: Factors causing shunt infection: computer analysis of 1174 operations. J Neurosurg 61:1072-1078, 1984
61. Resch B, Müller W, Oberbauer R: [Precipitating factors for shunt insufficiency in post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus in the premature infant.] Z Kinderchir 45:203-208, 1990 (Ger)
62. Ritz R, Roser F, Morgalla M, Dietz K, Tatagiba M, Will BE: Do antibiotic-impregnated shunts in hydrocephalus therapy reduce the risk of infection? An observational study in 258 patients. BMC Infect Dis 7:38, 2007
63. Schierholz JM, Pulverer G: Development of a new CSF-shunt with sustained release of an antimicrobial broad-spectrum combination. Zentralbl Bakteriol 286:107-123
64. Schiff SJ, Oakes WJ: Delayed cerebrospinal-fluid shunt infection in children. Pediatr Neurosci 15:131-135, 1989
65. Schoenbaum SC, Gardner P, Shillito J: Infections of cerebrospinal fluid shunts: epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and therapy. J Infect Dis 131:543-552, 1975
66. Sciubba DM, McGirt MJ, Woodworth GF, Carson B, Jallo GI: Prolonged exposure to antibiotic-impregnated shunt catheters does not increase incidence of late shunt infections. Childs Nerv Syst 23:867-871, 2007
67. Sciubba DM, Stuart RM, McGirt MJ, Woodworth GF, Samdani A, Carson B, et al: Effect of antibiotic-impregnated shunt catheters in decreasing the incidence of shunt infection in the treatment of hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg 103 (2 Suppl):131-136, 2005
68. Serlo W, Fernell E, Heikkinen E, Anderson H, von Wendt L: Functions and complications of shunts in different etiologies of childhood hydrocephalus. Childs Nerv Syst 6:92-94, 1990
69. Shanklin DR, Smalley DL: Dynamics of wound healing after silicone device implantation. Exp Mol Pathol 67:26-39, 1999
70. Shurtleff DB, Foltz EL, Loeser JD: Hydrocephalus. A definition of its progression and relationship to intellectual function, diagnosis, and complications. Am J Dis Child 125:688-693, 1973
71. Shurtleff DB, Stuntz JT, Hayden PW: Experience with 1201 cerebrospinal fluid shunt procedures. Pediatr Neurosci 12:49-57, 1985-1986
72. Vinchon M, Defoort-Dhellemmes S, Nzeyimana C, Vallée L, Dhellemmes P: Infantile traumatic subdural hematomas: outcome after five years. Pediatr Neurosurg 39:122-128, 2003
73. Vinchon M, Dhellemmes P: Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection: risk factors and long-term follow-up. Childs Nerv Syst 22:692-697, 2006
74. Walter M, Kiefer M, Leonhardt S, Steudel WI, Isermann R: Online analysis of intracranial pressure waves. Acta Neurochir Suppl 81:161-162, 2002
75. Walters BC, Goumnerova L, Hoffman HJ, Hendrick EB, Humphreys RP, Levinton C: A randomized controlled trial of perioperative rifampin/trimethoprim in cerebrospinal fluid shunt surgery. Childs Nerv Syst 8:253-257, 1992
76. Walters BC, Hoffman HJ, Hendrick EB, Humphreys RP: Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections. J Neurosurg 60:1014-1021, 1984
77. Zentner J, Gilsbach J, Felder T: Antibiotic prophylaxis in cerebrospinal fluid shunting: a prospective randomized trial in 129 patients. Neurosurg Rev 18:169-172, 1995