-
1
-
-
44849089796
-
-
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew from 489 billion yuan in 1980 to 18,308 billion yuan in 2005. See Statistical Yearbook of China (Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2006) 57 [Hereinafter 2006 Statistical Yearbook of China].
-
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew from 489 billion yuan in 1980 to 18,308 billion yuan in 2005. See Statistical Yearbook of China (Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2006) 57 [Hereinafter 2006 Statistical Yearbook of China].
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
44849110706
-
-
FDI grew from US$ 1.98 billion in 1983 to US$63.8 billion in 2005. See Statistical Yearbook of China (Beijing: China Statistics Press, 1990) 653
-
FDI grew from US$ 1.98 billion in 1983 to US$63.8 billion in 2005. See Statistical Yearbook of China (Beijing: China Statistics Press, 1990) 653
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
44849110394
-
-
and 2006 Statistical Year Book of China at 52. The accumulated amount of FDI by the end of September 2006 is greater than US$665 billion.
-
and 2006 Statistical Year Book of China at 52. The accumulated amount of FDI by the end of September 2006 is greater than US$665 billion.
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
44849116744
-
-
See Long Yongtu, 'The Mergers and Acquisition of Chinese Firms by Foreign Investors Do Not Cause Serious Economic Security Problems', available at http:// www.people.com.cn (visited on 20 January 2007).
-
See Long Yongtu, 'The Mergers and Acquisition of Chinese Firms by Foreign Investors Do Not Cause Serious Economic Security Problems', available at http:// www.people.com.cn (visited on 20 January 2007).
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
44849118607
-
-
The total amount of investment in fixed assets grew from 42.78 billion yuan in 1981 to 8877 billion yuan in 2005. See Statistical Yearbook of China (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Economic Daily Press, 1981) (Overseas Chinese edition) at 295 [Hereinafter 1981 Statistical Yearbook of China]
-
The total amount of investment in fixed assets grew from 42.78 billion yuan in 1981 to 8877 billion yuan in 2005. See Statistical Yearbook of China (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Economic Daily Press, 1981) (Overseas Chinese edition) at 295 [Hereinafter 1981 Statistical Yearbook of China]
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
44849124258
-
-
and 2006 Statistical Yearbook of China at 187.
-
and 2006 Statistical Yearbook of China at 187.
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
44849085236
-
-
The total number of university students grew from 1.28 million in 1981 to 20.95 million in 2005
-
The total number of university students grew from 1.28 million in 1981 to 20.95 million in 2005.
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
44849092332
-
-
and 2006 Statistical Yearbook of China, at 798. Employment by administrative allocation has been replaced by employment through market allocation. The number of employed in urban areas has increased from 109.4 million in 1981 to 273.3 million in 2005.
-
and 2006 Statistical Yearbook of China, at 798. Employment by administrative allocation has been replaced by employment through market allocation. The number of employed in urban areas has increased from 109.4 million in 1981 to 273.3 million in 2005.
-
-
-
-
11
-
-
44849123903
-
-
and 2006 Statistical Yearbook of China, at 798.
-
and 2006 Statistical Yearbook of China, at 798.
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
0039403204
-
Insecure Property Rights and Government Ownership of Firms', 113
-
Jiahua Che and Yingyi Qian, 'Insecure Property Rights and Government Ownership of Firms', 113 The Quarterly Journal of Economics 467 (1998).
-
(1998)
The Quarterly Journal of Economics
, vol.467
-
-
Che, J.1
Qian, Y.2
-
13
-
-
0034485891
-
Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth in China', 49
-
at
-
Justin Yifu Lin and Zhiqiang Liu, 'Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth in China', 49 (1) Economic Development and Cultural Change 1 (2000), at 3.
-
(2000)
Economic Development and Cultural Change
, vol.1
, pp. 3
-
-
Yifu Lin, J.1
Liu, Z.2
-
15
-
-
80052938832
-
Asymmetric Property Rights in China's Economic Growth', 33
-
at
-
Xiaobo Zhang, 'Asymmetric Property Rights in China's Economic Growth', 33 William Mitchell Law Review 567 (2007), at 584.
-
(2007)
William Mitchell Law Review
, vol.567
, pp. 584
-
-
Zhang, X.1
-
16
-
-
0346531907
-
Economic Development and the Rights Hypothesis: The China Problem
-
89 , at
-
Donald Clarke, 'Economic Development and the Rights Hypothesis: The China Problem', 51 American Journal Comparative Law 89 (2003), at 109.
-
(2003)
American Journal Comparative Law
, vol.51
, pp. 109
-
-
Clarke, D.1
-
17
-
-
33845422033
-
The Role of Formal Contract Law and Enforcement in Economic Development', 92
-
and 1675-7, at
-
Michael Trebilcock and Jing Leng, 'The Role of Formal Contract Law and Enforcement in Economic Development', 92 Virginia Law Review 1517 (2006), at 1519 and 1675-7.
-
(2006)
Virginia Law Review
, vol.1517
, pp. 1519
-
-
Trebilcock, M.1
Leng, J.2
-
21
-
-
44849091693
-
-
Clarke, above n 9, at 109 (arguing that rights of any kind are not well protected through courts and the legal system);
-
Clarke, above n 9, at 109 (arguing that rights of any kind are not well protected through courts and the legal system);
-
-
-
-
22
-
-
44849111674
-
-
Trebilcock and Leng, above n 10, at 1554 (observing that the absence in China of a consistently enforced legal framework largely prevents the state from being the credible third-party enforcer of contracts).
-
Trebilcock and Leng, above n 10, at 1554 (observing that the absence in China of a consistently enforced legal framework largely prevents the state from being the credible third-party enforcer of contracts).
-
-
-
-
24
-
-
44849118605
-
Reforming Informal Financing to Promote Economic Growth
-
Shuguang Zhang ed, Beijing: The Finance and Economic Press of China
-
Wang Guogang, 'Reforming Informal Financing to Promote Economic Growth', in Zhang Shuguang (ed.), Case Studies of China's Institutional Change (Beijing: The Finance and Economic Press of China, 1999) 459-61.
-
(1999)
Case Studies of China's Institutional Change
, pp. 459-461
-
-
Wang, G.1
-
26
-
-
44849114439
-
The Trip to Wenzhou
-
Lin Bai ed, Nanning: Guangxi People's Press
-
Fei Xiaotong, 'The Trip to Wenzhou', in Lin Bai (ed.), A Theoretical Enquiry of the Wenzhou Model (Nanning: Guangxi People's Press, 1987) 46.
-
(1987)
A Theoretical Enquiry of the Wenzhou Model
, pp. 46
-
-
Xiaotong, F.1
-
27
-
-
44749095150
-
-
Shanghai: Shanghai Social Sciences Press
-
Li Haoran, The New Rise of Wenzhou (Shanghai: Shanghai Social Sciences Press, 1996) 3.
-
(1996)
The New Rise of Wenzhou
, pp. 3
-
-
Li, H.1
-
29
-
-
44849102535
-
Three Principles
-
Lin Bai ed, Nanning: Guangxi People's Press
-
Zhang Renshou, 'Three Principles', in Lin Bai (ed.), A Theoretical Enquiry of the Wenzhou Model (Nanning: Guangxi People's Press, 1987) 123-5;
-
(1987)
A Theoretical Enquiry of the Wenzhou Model
, pp. 123-125
-
-
Zhang, R.1
-
30
-
-
44849091995
-
Five Trends
-
Lin Bai ed, Nanning: Guangxi People's Press
-
Lin Renxu, 'Five Trends', in Lin Bai (ed.), A Theoretical Enquiry of the Wenzhou Model (Nanning: Guangxi People's Press, 1987) 127-30.
-
(1987)
A Theoretical Enquiry of the Wenzhou Model
, pp. 127-130
-
-
Lin, R.1
-
33
-
-
0003758305
-
-
Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House
-
Zhang Renshou and Li Hong, A Study of the Wenzhou Model (Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House, 1990) 128.
-
(1990)
A Study of the Wenzhou Model
, pp. 128
-
-
Zhang, R.1
Hong, L.2
-
38
-
-
44849115148
-
The Informal Financial Institutions in a Post Reform Rural Area: The Case of Wenzhou
-
Shuguang Zhang ed, Beijing: The Finance and Economics Press of China
-
Zhang Jun, 'The Informal Financial Institutions in a Post Reform Rural Area: The Case of Wenzhou', in Zhang Shuguang (ed.), Case Studies of China's Institutional Change (Beijing: The Finance and Economics Press of China, 1999) 442.
-
(1999)
Case Studies of China's Institutional Change
, pp. 442
-
-
Jun, Z.1
-
39
-
-
44849093329
-
-
See Zhang and Li, above n 24, at 129.
-
See Zhang and Li, above n 24, at 129.
-
-
-
-
40
-
-
44849099423
-
-
See Zhang Jun, above n 29, at 440.
-
See Zhang Jun, above n 29, at 440.
-
-
-
-
42
-
-
44849097932
-
-
See Zhang and Li, above n 24, at 130.
-
See Zhang and Li, above n 24, at 130.
-
-
-
-
49
-
-
44849113298
-
-
See Zhang Jun, above n 29, at 442.
-
See Zhang Jun, above n 29, at 442.
-
-
-
-
55
-
-
44849129020
-
-
North, above n 11, at 74
-
North, above n 11, at 74.
-
-
-
-
56
-
-
44849083600
-
-
Zhang and Li, above n 24, at 136.
-
Zhang and Li, above n 24, at 136.
-
-
-
-
57
-
-
44849111046
-
-
at
-
Ibid, at 135.
-
-
-
-
58
-
-
44849113942
-
-
Provisional Measures on the Credit Fund Administration by Rural Credit Cooperatives, Article 13; the Measures appear in the Collection of the Laws of the PRC (Jilin: Jilin People's Press, 1949-1989) 879 at 880.
-
Provisional Measures on the Credit Fund Administration by Rural Credit Cooperatives, Article 13; the Measures appear in the Collection of the Laws of the PRC (Jilin: Jilin People's Press, 1949-1989) 879 at 880.
-
-
-
-
59
-
-
44849106564
-
-
Certain Opinions Concerning the Handling of Lending Cases, Article 6; see Collection of the Laws of the PRC (Jilin: Jilin People's Press, 1990-1992) 272 at 273.
-
Certain Opinions Concerning the Handling of Lending Cases, Article 6; see Collection of the Laws of the PRC (Jilin: Jilin People's Press, 1990-1992) 272 at 273.
-
-
-
-
60
-
-
44849084591
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
61
-
-
44849087532
-
-
People's Bank of China, Notice on the Adjustment of Deposit and Lending Interest Rate of Financial Institutions, 28 October 2004, Article 2(1), available at http://www.chinainfobank,legal database (visited 12 August 2007).
-
People's Bank of China, Notice on the Adjustment of Deposit and Lending Interest Rate of Financial Institutions, 28 October 2004, Article 2(1), available at http://www.chinainfobank,legal database (visited 12 August 2007).
-
-
-
-
62
-
-
44849088537
-
-
Ibid, Articles 1(2) and 2(2).
-
Ibid, Articles 1(2) and 2(2).
-
-
-
-
63
-
-
44849086886
-
-
Articles 4 and 28, the repealed Regulation is available at http://www.chinalawinfo.com (visited 12 August 2007).
-
Articles 4 and 28, the repealed Regulation is available at http://www.chinalawinfo.com (visited 12 August 2007).
-
-
-
-
64
-
-
44849105301
-
-
Measures of the State Council on the Abolishment of Illegal Financial Institutions and Illegal Financial Operation, Articles 1-4, The Measures appear in the Collection of the Laws of the PRC (Jilin: Jilin People's Press, 1998) 571
-
Measures of the State Council on the Abolishment of Illegal Financial Institutions and Illegal Financial Operation, Articles 1-4, The Measures appear in the Collection of the Laws of the PRC (Jilin: Jilin People's Press, 1998) 571.
-
-
-
-
65
-
-
44849116111
-
-
Ibid, Article 22.
-
Ibid, Article 22.
-
-
-
-
66
-
-
44849123025
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
67
-
-
44849137644
-
-
North, above n 11, at 54
-
North, above n 11, at 54.
-
-
-
-
68
-
-
44849108777
-
-
Zhang and Li, above n 24, at 135.
-
Zhang and Li, above n 24, at 135.
-
-
-
-
69
-
-
44849103161
-
-
See Feng Xinyuan, Informal Financial Development Report in Rural China, available at http://www.jiuding.org/printpage.asp?ArticleID=297 (visited 20 August 2007).
-
See Feng Xinyuan, Informal Financial Development Report in Rural China, available at http://www.jiuding.org/printpage.asp?ArticleID=297 (visited 20 August 2007).
-
-
-
-
70
-
-
44849099732
-
-
See Zhang and Li, above n 24, at 135.
-
See Zhang and Li, above n 24, at 135.
-
-
-
-
71
-
-
44849122069
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
72
-
-
44849118606
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
73
-
-
44849125856
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
74
-
-
44849144152
-
-
at
-
Ibid, at 136.
-
-
-
-
75
-
-
44849134944
-
-
Ibid, at 137. The distribution of shares to the public by these two credit cooperatives was one year earlier than the passage of the Resolution by the Board of Directors of the Shanghai Vacuum Electronic Components Ltd. authorizing the distributing shares to the public;
-
Ibid, at 137. The distribution of shares to the public by these two credit cooperatives was one year earlier than the passage of the Resolution by the Board of Directors of the Shanghai Vacuum Electronic Components Ltd. authorizing the distributing shares to the public;
-
-
-
-
77
-
-
44849114122
-
-
North, above n 11, at 59-59
-
North, above n 11, at 59-59.
-
-
-
-
78
-
-
0002963088
-
A Theory of Self-enforcing Agreements', 53
-
at
-
Lester Telser, 'A Theory of Self-enforcing Agreements', 53(1) Journal of Business 24 (1980), at 42.
-
(1980)
Journal of Business
, vol.24
, pp. 42
-
-
Telser, L.1
-
79
-
-
44849109096
-
Farmers Financial Demand and Rural Financial Supply: A Sociology Perspective
-
31
-
Ye Jinzhong, 'Farmers Financial Demand and Rural Financial Supply: A Sociology Perspective', 8 Rural Economy in China 31 (2004).
-
(2004)
Rural Economy in China
, vol.8
-
-
Ye, J.1
-
80
-
-
0000026333
-
Private Order Under Dysfunctional Public Order', 98
-
at
-
John McMillan and Christopher Woodruff, 'Private Order Under Dysfunctional Public Order', 98 Michigan Law Review 2421(2000), at 2426.
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(2000)
Michigan Law Review
, vol.2421
, pp. 2426
-
-
McMillan, J.1
Woodruff, C.2
-
81
-
-
18744409933
-
-
Princeton, N.J, Princeton University Press
-
Avinash Dixit, Lawlessness and Economics (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2004) 80.
-
(2004)
Lawlessness and Economics
, pp. 80
-
-
Dixit, A.1
-
82
-
-
44849104981
-
-
McMillan and Woodruff, above n 70, at 2423.
-
McMillan and Woodruff, above n 70, at 2423.
-
-
-
-
84
-
-
57649195519
-
Contract Theory and the Limits of Contract Law
-
at
-
Alan Schwartz and Robert Scott, 'Contract Theory and the Limits of Contract Law', Yale Law Journal 541 (2003), at 544.
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(2003)
Yale Law Journal
, vol.541
, pp. 544
-
-
Schwartz, A.1
Scott, R.2
-
87
-
-
0004058275
-
-
See generally, Cambridge: Harvard University Press
-
See generally Diego Gambetta, The Sicilian Mafia (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993) 28-33;
-
(1993)
The Sicilian Mafia
, pp. 28-33
-
-
Gambetta, D.1
-
88
-
-
44849097933
-
-
Avner Greif and Eugene Kandel, 'Contract Enforcement Institutions: Historical Perspective and Current Status in Russia', in Edward P. Lazear (ed.), Economic Transition in Eastern Europe and Russia: Realities of Reform (Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press, 1995) 291 307, at 315-16.
-
Avner Greif and Eugene Kandel, 'Contract Enforcement Institutions: Historical Perspective and Current Status in Russia', in Edward P. Lazear (ed.), Economic Transition in Eastern Europe and Russia: Realities of Reform (Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press, 1995) 291 307, at 315-16.
-
-
-
-
89
-
-
0346819831
-
The Dark Side of Private Ordering: An Institutional and Empirical Analysis of Organized Crime', 67
-
at
-
Curtis J. Milhaupt and Mark West, 'The Dark Side of Private Ordering: An Institutional and Empirical Analysis of Organized Crime', 67 University of Chicago Law Review 41 (2000), at 43.
-
(2000)
University of Chicago Law Review
, vol.41
, pp. 43
-
-
Milhaupt, C.J.1
West, M.2
-
91
-
-
44849084934
-
-
Zhang and Li, above n 24, at 132;
-
Zhang and Li, above n 24, at 132;
-
-
-
-
92
-
-
44849110392
-
-
also see Current Status of and Management Strategy for Capital Circulated Outside the Formal Financial System, Report of the Research Team of Urban Financing at the China Industrial and Commercial Bank, 3 Financial Forum 3 2006, note 6
-
also see Current Status of and Management Strategy for Capital Circulated Outside the Formal Financial System, Report of the Research Team of Urban Financing at the China Industrial and Commercial Bank, 3 Financial Forum 3 (2006), note 6.
-
-
-
-
93
-
-
0346754362
-
A Spectrum Theory of Negotiability', 78
-
Curtis Nyguist, 'A Spectrum Theory of Negotiability', 78 Marquette Law Review 897 (1995);
-
(1995)
Marquette Law Review
, vol.897
-
-
Nyguist, C.1
-
94
-
-
44849117645
-
-
James Rogers, 'The Myth of Negotiability', 31 Boston College Law Review 265 (1990), at 283 (observing that the twentieth century books all proceed on the assumption that the concept of negotiability and the rules permitting holders in due course to take free from defenses have always been the central, defining characteristics of the law of bills and notes).
-
James Rogers, 'The Myth of Negotiability', 31 Boston College Law Review 265 (1990), at 283 (observing that the twentieth century books all proceed on the assumption that the concept of negotiability and the rules permitting holders in due course to take free from defenses have always been the central, defining characteristics of the law of bills and notes).
-
-
-
-
95
-
-
77951276910
-
The Holder in Due Course Doctrine as a Default Rule', 32
-
asserting that the holder in due course doctrine reduces transaction costs
-
Gregory Maggs, 'The Holder in Due Course Doctrine as a Default Rule', 32 Georgia Law Review 783 (1998) (asserting that the holder in due course doctrine reduces transaction costs);
-
(1998)
Georgia Law Review
, vol.783
-
-
Maggs, G.1
-
96
-
-
44849112304
-
-
M. Sinclair, 'Codification of Negotiable Instruments Law: A Tale of Reiterated Anachronism', 21 University Toledo Law Review 625 (1990), at 628 (focusing on the doctrine of holder in due course to illustrate that legislation is largely responsible for the lack of change of the negotiable instruments law).
-
M. Sinclair, 'Codification of Negotiable Instruments Law: A Tale of Reiterated Anachronism', 21 University Toledo Law Review 625 (1990), at 628 (focusing on the doctrine of holder in due course to illustrate that legislation is largely responsible for the lack of change of the negotiable instruments law).
-
-
-
-
97
-
-
44849095614
-
-
For a survey and analysis of the law and development literature, see Graham Mayeda, 'Appreciate the Difference: The Role of Different Domestic Norms in Law and Development Reform: Lessons from China and Japan', 51 McGill Law Journal 547 (2006);
-
For a survey and analysis of the law and development literature, see Graham Mayeda, 'Appreciate the Difference: The Role of Different Domestic Norms in Law and Development Reform: Lessons from China and Japan', 51 McGill Law Journal 547 (2006);
-
-
-
-
98
-
-
44849109414
-
-
also see Tom Ginsburg, 'Does Law Matter for Economic Development? Evidence from East Asia', 34 Law and Society Review 829 (2000).
-
also see Tom Ginsburg, 'Does Law Matter for Economic Development? Evidence from East Asia', 34 Law and Society Review 829 (2000).
-
-
-
-
99
-
-
44849083601
-
-
Beijing: Law Press
-
Qiang Li, Financial Law (Beijing: Law Press, 1997) 376.
-
(1997)
Financial Law
, pp. 376
-
-
Li, Q.1
-
101
-
-
44849116415
-
-
Infra, n 104-106 and the accompanying text
-
Infra, n 104-106 and the accompanying text.
-
-
-
-
102
-
-
44849093642
-
-
See Liu Xin-wen, The Negotiable Instruments Law (Beijing: China University of Politics and Law, 1997) 39.
-
See Liu Xin-wen, The Negotiable Instruments Law (Beijing: China University of Politics and Law, 1997) 39.
-
-
-
-
103
-
-
44849098453
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
104
-
-
44849139949
-
-
at
-
Ibid, at 40.
-
-
-
-
105
-
-
44849110705
-
-
The Measures appear in the Collection of the Laws of the PRC (Jilin: Jilin People's Press, 1989) 799.
-
The Measures appear in the Collection of the Laws of the PRC (Jilin: Jilin People's Press, 1989) 799.
-
-
-
-
106
-
-
44849131161
-
-
See Qiang Li, above n 84, at 377.
-
See Qiang Li, above n 84, at 377.
-
-
-
-
107
-
-
44849112979
-
-
The Negotiable Instruments Law was adopted at the Thirteenth Session of the Eighth Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on 5 October 1995. The official Chinese version appears in the Collection of the Law of the PRC (Jilin: Jilin People's Press, 1995) 435
-
The Negotiable Instruments Law was adopted at the Thirteenth Session of the Eighth Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on 5 October 1995. The official Chinese version appears in the Collection of the Law of the PRC (Jilin: Jilin People's Press, 1995) 435.
-
-
-
-
108
-
-
44849085559
-
-
Available at http://www.chinainfobank, Supreme People's Court file (visited 20 August 2007).
-
Available at http://www.chinainfobank, Supreme People's Court file (visited 20 August 2007).
-
-
-
-
109
-
-
44849107806
-
Supreme People's Court
-
Supreme People's Court Gazette, 135 (2000);
-
(2000)
Gazette
, vol.135
-
-
-
110
-
-
44849095617
-
-
also available at http://www.chinainfobank,Supreme People's Court File (visited 20 August 2007).
-
also available at http://www.chinainfobank,Supreme People's Court File (visited 20 August 2007).
-
-
-
-
111
-
-
44849127772
-
-
Infra n 135 and the accompanying text
-
Infra n 135 and the accompanying text.
-
-
-
-
112
-
-
44849089163
-
-
See the case database established by the Beijing University School of Law, available at
-
See the case database established by the Beijing University School of Law, available at http:// www.chinalawinfo.com;
-
-
-
-
113
-
-
44849142195
-
The PRC's Negotiable Instruments Law: An Instrument for Facilitating Private Economic Activity or Monetary Control?', 20
-
observing with cited cases that banks often participate in negotiations or attempted negotiations of bank drafts, see also, at
-
see also Amy Sommers and Kara Philips, 'The PRC's Negotiable Instruments Law: An Instrument for Facilitating Private Economic Activity or Monetary Control?', 20 Houston Journal of International Law 317 (1998), at 340 (observing with cited cases that banks often participate in negotiations or attempted negotiations of bank drafts).
-
(1998)
Houston Journal of International Law
, vol.317
, pp. 340
-
-
Sommers, A.1
Philips, K.2
-
114
-
-
44849093331
-
-
See China Financial Yearbook (Beijing: China Financial Yearbook Press, 2003) 735.
-
See China Financial Yearbook (Beijing: China Financial Yearbook Press, 2003) 735.
-
-
-
-
115
-
-
44849083272
-
-
See various years of the China Financial Yearbook, also available online at http://www.chinainfobank.com (visited 20 August 2007).
-
See various years of the China Financial Yearbook, also available online at http://www.chinainfobank.com (visited 20 August 2007).
-
-
-
-
116
-
-
44849102220
-
-
Above n 97, at 734
-
Above n 97, at 734.
-
-
-
-
117
-
-
44849096268
-
-
at
-
Ibid, at 737-9.
-
-
-
-
118
-
-
44849138598
-
-
The reply to the questionnaire is supplied by the manager or director for legal affairs in these banks or branches. For the purpose of confidentiality, the names of banks and of the individuals filling the questionnaires are not disclosed. The survey was conducted in May 2007
-
The reply to the questionnaire is supplied by the manager or director for legal affairs in these banks or branches. For the purpose of confidentiality, the names of banks and of the individuals filling the questionnaires are not disclosed. The survey was conducted in May 2007.
-
-
-
-
119
-
-
44849097936
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
120
-
-
44849133318
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
121
-
-
44849099422
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
122
-
-
44849126474
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
123
-
-
44849133000
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
124
-
-
44849112305
-
-
The calculation is based on the statistics in the, at and
-
The calculation is based on the statistics in the 2006 China Statistical Yearbook, above n 1, at 57 and 734.
-
(2006)
China Statistical Yearbook, above
, Issue.1
, pp. 57-734
-
-
-
125
-
-
44849129881
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
126
-
-
44849127433
-
-
China Has Become a Middle Income Country, available at http://www.mpinews.com/htp/Inews/20070918/ca22021c.htm (visited 18 September 2007).
-
China Has Become a Middle Income Country, available at http://www.mpinews.com/htp/Inews/20070918/ca22021c.htm (visited 18 September 2007).
-
-
-
-
127
-
-
44849090733
-
-
See Curtis v Leavitt, 15N.Y. 9 (1857);
-
See Curtis v Leavitt, 15N.Y. 9 (1857);
-
-
-
-
128
-
-
44849099731
-
-
Fletcher v Tayleur, 17 CB 21 (1855). As for international practice, the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP) is an outstanding successful codification of banking practice in relation to letters of credit. First published in 1933, the UCP 600 is the current text. The text is available online at http://letterofcreditforum.com/node/3.
-
Fletcher v Tayleur, 17 CB 21 (1855). As for international practice, the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP) is an outstanding successful codification of banking practice in relation to letters of credit. First published in 1933, the UCP 600 is the current text. The text is available online at http://letterofcreditforum.com/node/3.
-
-
-
-
129
-
-
44849090125
-
-
Anglo-South Am. Trust Co. v Uhe, 261 N.Y. 150, 156, 184N. E. 741, 742-43 (1933).
-
Anglo-South Am. Trust Co. v Uhe, 261 N.Y. 150, 156, 184N. E. 741, 742-43 (1933).
-
-
-
-
130
-
-
44849143813
-
-
UCP 600, Article 7(b).
-
UCP 600, Article 7(b).
-
-
-
-
131
-
-
44849102219
-
-
Ibid, Article 4(a).
-
Ibid, Article 4(a).
-
-
-
-
132
-
-
44849096582
-
-
Ibid, Article 5.
-
Ibid, Article 5.
-
-
-
-
133
-
-
44849131479
-
-
Ibid, Article 7.
-
Ibid, Article 7.
-
-
-
-
134
-
-
44849132999
-
-
Above n 101
-
Above n 101.
-
-
-
-
135
-
-
44849104102
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
136
-
-
44849139330
-
-
See Imports and Exports in Inner Mongolia in 2003 Continued to Grow and Grew at a Faster Rate, available at http://www.bailingnews.com/news/article/ 20040218/2004218029387_1.html (visited 18 September 2007).
-
See Imports and Exports in Inner Mongolia in 2003 Continued to Grow and Grew at a Faster Rate, available at http://www.bailingnews.com/news/article/ 20040218/2004218029387_1.html (visited 18 September 2007).
-
-
-
-
137
-
-
44849110704
-
-
Above n 101
-
Above n 101.
-
-
-
-
138
-
-
44849097935
-
-
This Law appears in the Collection of the Laws of the PRC (Jilin: Jilin People's Press, 1989) 315
-
This Law appears in the Collection of the Laws of the PRC (Jilin: Jilin People's Press, 1989) 315.
-
-
-
-
139
-
-
44849085234
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
140
-
-
44849123024
-
-
Judicial Interpretation on Finance, Compiling and Selection Team of the Supreme People's Court (ed.), (Beijing: People's Court Press, 2006) 153. According to that source, the Supreme People's Court alone had dealt with more than 100 cases on letters of credit by the end of 2004.
-
Judicial Interpretation on Finance, Compiling and Selection Team of the Supreme People's Court (ed.), (Beijing: People's Court Press, 2006) 153. According to that source, the Supreme People's Court alone had dealt with more than 100 cases on letters of credit by the end of 2004.
-
-
-
-
141
-
-
44749095147
-
-
The Provisions can be found at China Law and Practice 63 (September 2006).
-
The Provisions can be found at China Law and Practice 63 (September 2006).
-
-
-
-
142
-
-
44849141917
-
Documentary Credits and Fraud: English and Chinese Law Compared
-
For a treatment of the fraud exception under English and Chinese law, see
-
For a treatment of the fraud exception under English and Chinese law, see Mark Williams, 'Documentary Credits and Fraud: English and Chinese Law Compared', Journal of Business Law 155 (2004).
-
(2004)
Journal of Business Law
, vol.155
-
-
Williams, M.1
-
143
-
-
44849119934
-
-
Rainer Haselmann et al., How Law Affects Lending (1 Columbia Law and Economics Working Paper No. 285, 2006), available at http://ssrn.com/ abstract=846665. (visited 20 September 2007).
-
Rainer Haselmann et al., How Law Affects Lending (1 Columbia Law and Economics Working Paper No. 285, 2006), available at http://ssrn.com/ abstract=846665. (visited 20 September 2007).
-
-
-
-
145
-
-
44849137321
-
-
http://www.lawinfochina.com/case/dispccontent.asp?db=2& id=243 (visited 18 September 2007).
-
http://www.lawinfochina.com/case/dispccontent.asp?db=2& id=243 (visited 18 September 2007).
-
-
-
-
148
-
-
44849105300
-
-
http://www.isinolaw.com/isinolaw/detail_cj.jsp?searchword= %28%B5%D6%D1%BA%2... 8/23/2007 (visited 18 September 2007).
-
http://www.isinolaw.com/isinolaw/detail_cj.jsp?searchword= %28%B5%D6%D1%BA%2... 8/23/2007 (visited 18 September 2007).
-
-
-
-
151
-
-
44849120821
-
-
Interview with Professor Qiang Li, Faculty of Law, Northwest University of Political Science and Law on 5 November 2007
-
Interview with Professor Qiang Li, Faculty of Law, Northwest University of Political Science and Law on 5 November 2007.
-
-
-
-
152
-
-
44849083271
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
153
-
-
44849138275
-
-
Administration Yearbook of China Administration for Industry and Commerce (Beijing: Press of the Industry and Commerce, 2005) 639;
-
Administration Yearbook of China Administration for Industry and Commerce (Beijing: Press of the Industry and Commerce, 2005) 639;
-
-
-
-
154
-
-
44849126181
-
-
Administration Yearbook of China Administration for Industry and Commerce (Beijing: Press of the Industry and commerce, 2006) 650.
-
Administration Yearbook of China Administration for Industry and Commerce (Beijing: Press of the Industry and commerce, 2006) 650.
-
-
-
-
158
-
-
44849134295
-
-
Data from various years' Law Yearbook of China (Beijing: Press of Law Yearbook, 1988-2006).
-
Data from various years' Law Yearbook of China (Beijing: Press of Law Yearbook, 1988-2006).
-
-
-
-
160
-
-
44849131478
-
Property Rights and Finance
-
at
-
Simon Johnson et al., 'Property Rights and Finance', American Economic Review 1335 (2002), at 1354.
-
(2002)
American Economic Review
, vol.1335
, pp. 1354
-
-
Johnson, S.1
-
164
-
-
44849133317
-
-
Trebilcock and Leng, above n 10, at 1563.
-
Trebilcock and Leng, above n 10, at 1563.
-
-
-
-
165
-
-
44849090732
-
The Role of Different Domestic Norms in Law and Development Reform: Lessons from China and Japan', 51
-
at
-
Graham Mayeda, 'The Role of Different Domestic Norms in Law and Development Reform: Lessons from China and Japan', 51 McGill Law Journal 547 (2006), at 586.
-
(2006)
McGill Law Journal
, vol.547
, pp. 586
-
-
Mayeda, G.1
-
166
-
-
34548025978
-
A New Alliance for Profit: China's Local Industries and the Chinese Diaspora
-
See, Thomas Menkhoff and Solvay Gerke eds, London: Routledge Curzen, at
-
See Noel Tracy and Constance Lever-Tracy, 'A New Alliance for Profit: China's Local Industries and the Chinese Diaspora', in Thomas Menkhoff and Solvay Gerke (eds), Chinese Entrepreneurship and Asian Business Networks (London: Routledge Curzen, 2002) 65, at 71-2.
-
(2002)
Chinese Entrepreneurship and Asian Business Networks
, vol.65
, pp. 71-72
-
-
Tracy, N.1
Lever-Tracy, C.2
-
167
-
-
44849091032
-
-
The Hongye case and the Jiangguang case discussed in Part C of the previous section show that firms owned by Chinese outside of mainland China are more likely to rely upon formal contractual mechanisms.
-
The Hongye case and the Jiangguang case discussed in Part C of the previous section show that firms owned by Chinese outside of mainland China are more likely to rely upon formal contractual mechanisms.
-
-
-
-
168
-
-
44849092330
-
-
See Donald Clarke et al., The Role of Law in China's Economic Development (George Washington University School of Law, Public Law & Legal Theory, Working Paper No. 187, 2006), available at http://papers.ssrn.com/ sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=878672, at 42.
-
See Donald Clarke et al., The Role of Law in China's Economic Development (George Washington University School of Law, Public Law & Legal Theory, Working Paper No. 187, 2006), available at http://papers.ssrn.com/ sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=878672, at 42.
-
-
-
-
169
-
-
0013322150
-
Power and Politics in the Chinese Court System: The Enforcement of Civil Judgments', 10
-
at
-
Donald Clarke, 'Power and Politics in the Chinese Court System: The Enforcement of Civil Judgments', 10 Columbia Journal of Asian Law 1 (1996), at 27-34.
-
(1996)
Columbia Journal of Asian Law
, vol.1
, pp. 27-34
-
-
Clarke, D.1
-
173
-
-
44849087531
-
-
Trebilcock and Leng, above n 10, at 1561.
-
Trebilcock and Leng, above n 10, at 1561.
-
-
-
-
174
-
-
44849117319
-
-
Trebilcock and Leng, above n 10, at 1569.
-
Trebilcock and Leng, above n 10, at 1569.
-
-
-
-
175
-
-
44849127112
-
-
Clarke et al., above n 149.
-
Clarke et al., above n 149.
-
-
-
-
176
-
-
4544228973
-
Legal Reform in China: Institutions, Culture, and Selective Adaptation', 29
-
at
-
Pitman B. Potter, 'Legal Reform in China: Institutions, Culture, and Selective Adaptation', 29 Law and Social Inquiry 465 (2004), at 468.
-
(2004)
Law and Social Inquiry
, vol.465
, pp. 468
-
-
Potter, P.B.1
-
179
-
-
44849088173
-
-
Simon Johnson et al., above n 15, at 261.
-
Simon Johnson et al., above n 15, at 261.
-
-
-
-
180
-
-
4544325024
-
Order with Some Law: Complementarity Versus Substitution of Formal and Informal Arrangements', 20
-
Sergio G. Lazzarini et al., 'Order with Some Law: Complementarity Versus Substitution of Formal and Informal Arrangements', 20 Journal of Law, Economics and Organization 261 (2004);
-
(2004)
Journal of Law, Economics and Organization
, vol.261
-
-
Lazzarini, S.G.1
-
181
-
-
44849100357
-
-
Trebilcock and Leng, above n 10.
-
Trebilcock and Leng, above n 10.
-
-
-
-
182
-
-
44849120822
-
-
North, above n 11, at 107
-
North, above n 11, at 107.
-
-
-
|