-
1
-
-
39149143296
-
Genetic benefits at risk
-
Editorial. Genetic benefits at risk. Nature 2008;451:745-6
-
(2008)
Nature
, vol.451
, pp. 745-746
-
-
Editorial1
-
2
-
-
4344580348
-
Pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics: Future role of molecular diagnostics in clinical diagnostic laboratory
-
Ito RK, Demers LM. Pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics: future role of molecular diagnostics in clinical diagnostic laboratory. Clin Chem 2004;50:1526-7
-
(2004)
Clin Chem
, vol.50
, pp. 1526-1527
-
-
Ito, R.K.1
Demers, L.M.2
-
3
-
-
44649158670
-
-
University of Utah Research Foundation/Brcast and Ovarian Cancer. Case no. T1213/05. Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office. 27 September 2007
-
University of Utah Research Foundation/Brcast and Ovarian Cancer. Case no. T1213/05. Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office. 27 September 2007
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
44649123973
-
-
Laboratory Corp. of America v. Metabolite Laboratories, Inc., 126 Sup. Ct. 2921; 2006
-
Laboratory Corp. of America v. Metabolite Laboratories, Inc., 126 Sup. Ct. 2921; 2006
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
26844464326
-
Intellectual property landscape of the human genome
-
Jensen K Murray F. Intellectual property landscape of the human genome. Science 2005;301:239-40
-
(2005)
Science
, vol.301
, pp. 239-240
-
-
Jensen, K.1
Murray, F.2
-
7
-
-
0003628087
-
-
Nuffield Council on Bioethics, A Discussion Paper. Nuffield Council on Bioethics: London;
-
Nuffield Council on Bioethics. The Ethics of Patenting DNA. A Discussion Paper. Nuffield Council on Bioethics: London; 2002
-
(2002)
The Ethics of Patenting DNA
-
-
-
9
-
-
0036918490
-
Patents, genomics, research, and diagnostics
-
Barton JH. Patents, genomics, research, and diagnostics. Acad Med 2002;77:1339-47
-
(2002)
Acad Med
, vol.77
, pp. 1339-1347
-
-
Barton, J.H.1
-
10
-
-
0026746604
-
Genes, patents and product development
-
Eisenberg RS. Genes, patents and product development. Science 1992;257:903-8
-
(1992)
Science
, vol.257
, pp. 903-908
-
-
Eisenberg, R.S.1
-
11
-
-
0036912834
-
Genome patents: A case study in Patenting research tools
-
Rai AK. Genome patents: a case study in Patenting research tools. Acad Med 2002;77:1368-72
-
(2002)
Acad Med
, vol.77
, pp. 1368-1372
-
-
Rai, A.K.1
-
12
-
-
44649114295
-
-
Verbeure B, Marrhijs G, Van Overwalle G. Analysing DNA patents in relation with diagnostic genetic testing. Eur J Hum Genetics 2005:1-8
-
Verbeure B, Marrhijs G, Van Overwalle G. Analysing DNA patents in relation with diagnostic genetic testing. Eur J Hum Genetics 2005:1-8
-
-
-
-
13
-
-
14944379478
-
Patents on human genes: An analysis of scope and claims
-
Paradise J, Andrews L, Holbrook T. Patents on human genes: an analysis of scope and claims. Science 2005;307:1566-7
-
(2005)
Science
, vol.307
, pp. 1566-1567
-
-
Paradise, J.1
Andrews, L.2
Holbrook, T.3
-
14
-
-
44649127085
-
-
National Research Council Committee on Intellectual Property Rights in Genomic and Protein Research and Innovation. Reaping the Benefits of Genomic and Proteomic Research: Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Public Health. National Academies Press, Washington: DC; 2006
-
National Research Council Committee on Intellectual Property Rights in Genomic and Protein Research and Innovation. Reaping the Benefits of Genomic and Proteomic Research: Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Public Health. National Academies Press, Washington: DC; 2006
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
44649151503
-
-
Hopkins MM, Mahdi S, Thomas SM, Patel P. The Patenting of Human DNA. Global Trends in Public and Private Sector Activity (the PATGEN Project). Science Technology Policy Research Unit, Brighton; 2006
-
Hopkins MM, Mahdi S, Thomas SM, Patel P. The Patenting of Human DNA. Global Trends in Public and Private Sector Activity (the PATGEN Project). Science Technology Policy Research Unit, Brighton; 2006
-
-
-
-
16
-
-
1442287392
-
History of a gene patent: Tracing the development and application of commercial BRCA testing
-
Williams-Jones B. History of a gene patent: tracing the development and application of commercial BRCA testing. Health Law J 2002;10:121-44
-
(2002)
Health Law J
, vol.10
, pp. 121-144
-
-
Williams-Jones, B.1
-
17
-
-
0042250674
-
Myriad Genetics: Patent law and genetic testing
-
Rimmer M. Myriad Genetics: patent law and genetic testing. Eur Int Prop Rev 2003;25:20-33
-
(2003)
Eur Int Prop Rev
, vol.25
, pp. 20-33
-
-
Rimmer, M.1
-
18
-
-
44649137665
-
-
Skolnick MH, Goldgar GE, Miki Y, et al. 170-Linked breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene. US5753441; 1998
-
Skolnick MH, Goldgar GE, Miki Y, et al. 170-Linked breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene. US5753441; 1998
-
-
-
-
19
-
-
0021028244
-
A polymorphic DNA marker genetically linked to Huntingtor's disease
-
Gusella JF, Wexler NS, Conneally PM, et al. A polymorphic DNA marker genetically linked to Huntingtor's disease. Nature 1983;306:234-8
-
(1983)
Nature
, vol.306
, pp. 234-238
-
-
Gusella, J.F.1
Wexler, N.S.2
Conneally, P.M.3
-
20
-
-
44649157436
-
-
Gusella JF. Test for Huntingto's disease. US4666828;1987
-
Gusella JF. Test for Huntingto's disease. US4666828;1987
-
-
-
-
23
-
-
0013161935
-
Process for producing biologically functional molecular chimeras
-
US4237224;
-
Cohen SN, Boyer HW. Process for producing biologically functional molecular chimeras. US4237224; 1980
-
(1980)
-
-
Cohen, S.N.1
Boyer, H.W.2
-
24
-
-
44649169435
-
Biologically functional molecular chimeras
-
US4740470;
-
Cohen SN, Boyer HW. Biologically functional molecular chimeras. US4740470; 1988
-
(1988)
-
-
Cohen, S.N.1
Boyer, H.W.2
-
25
-
-
0011686552
-
Process for amplifying nucleic acid sequences,
-
US4683202;
-
Mullis KB. Process for amplifying nucleic acid sequences, US4683202; 1987
-
(1987)
-
-
Mullis, K.B.1
-
26
-
-
46649093445
-
Process for amplifying, detecting, and/or 68 cloning nucleic acid sequences
-
US4800159;
-
Mullis KB, Erlich HA, Arnheim N, et al. Process for amplifying, detecting, and/or 68 cloning nucleic acid sequences. US4800159; 1989
-
(1989)
-
-
Mullis, K.B.1
Erlich, H.A.2
Arnheim, N.3
-
27
-
-
46649093445
-
Process for amplifying, detecting, and/or cloning nucleic acid sequences using a thermostable enzyme
-
US4965188;
-
Mullis KB, Erlich HA, Gelfand DH, et al. Process for amplifying, detecting, and/or cloning nucleic acid sequences using a thermostable enzyme. US4965188; 1990
-
(1990)
-
-
Mullis, K.B.1
Erlich, H.A.2
Gelfand, D.H.3
-
28
-
-
44649187212
-
Intron sequence analysis method for detection of adjacent and remote locus alleles as haplotypes
-
US5192659;
-
Simons MJ. Intron sequence analysis method for detection of adjacent and remote locus alleles as haplotypes. US5192659; 1993
-
(1993)
-
-
Simons, M.J.1
-
29
-
-
44649157435
-
Genomic mapping method by direct haplotyping using intron sequence analysis
-
US5851762;
-
Simons MJ. Genomic mapping method by direct haplotyping using intron sequence analysis. US5851762; 1998
-
(1998)
-
-
Simons, M.J.1
-
30
-
-
44649134288
-
Intron sequence analysis method for detection of adjacent and remote locus alleles as haplotypes
-
US5612179;
-
Simons MJ. Intron sequence analysis method for detection of adjacent and remote locus alleles as haplotypes. US5612179; 1997
-
(1997)
-
-
Simons, M.J.1
-
31
-
-
44649134287
-
On the legality of gene patents
-
Nicol D. On the legality of gene patents. Melbourne Univ Law Rev 2005;29:809-42
-
(2005)
Melbourne Univ Law Rev
, vol.29
, pp. 809-842
-
-
Nicol, D.1
-
32
-
-
44649165422
-
-
991 F2d 781 Fed Cir
-
Re Bell, 991 F2d 781 (Fed Cir, 1993)
-
(1993)
-
-
Bell, R.1
-
33
-
-
44649138311
-
-
51 F3d 1552 Fed Cir
-
Re Deuel, 51 F3d 1552 (Fed Cir, 1995)
-
(1995)
-
-
Deuel, R.1
-
34
-
-
44649142928
-
-
United States Patent and Trademark Office. Utility examination guidelines. Fed Reg 2001;66:1092, 1095
-
United States Patent and Trademark Office. Utility examination guidelines. Fed Reg 2001;66:1092, 1095
-
-
-
-
35
-
-
44649188884
-
-
421 F3d 1365 Fed Cir
-
Re Fisher, 421 F3d 1365 (Fed Cir, 2005)
-
(2005)
-
-
Fisher, R.1
-
36
-
-
44649184377
-
-
Skolnick MH, Goldgar GE, Miki Y, et al. Method for diagnosing a predisposition for breast and ovarian cancer. EP699754; 1996
-
Skolnick MH, Goldgar GE, Miki Y, et al. Method for diagnosing a predisposition for breast and ovarian cancer. EP699754; 1996
-
-
-
-
37
-
-
44649125776
-
-
Shatruck-Eidens DM, Simard J. In vivo mutations and polymorphisms in the 17q-linked breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene. EP705903; 1996
-
Shatruck-Eidens DM, Simard J. In vivo mutations and polymorphisms in the 17q-linked breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene. EP705903; 1996
-
-
-
-
38
-
-
44649156769
-
-
Skolnick MH, Goldgar GE. 17q-Linked breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene. EP705902; 1996
-
Skolnick MH, Goldgar GE. 17q-Linked breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene. EP705902; 1996
-
-
-
-
40
-
-
44649190149
-
-
European Patent Office. Patent on breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene amended after public hearing. Press release, 21 January 2005, Available from: http://www.epo.org/about-us/press/releases/ archive/2005.html [Last accessed 3 Match 2008]
-
European Patent Office. Patent on breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene amended after public hearing. Press release, 21 January 2005, Available from: http://www.epo.org/about-us/press/releases/ archive/2005.html [Last accessed 3 Match 2008]
-
-
-
-
41
-
-
44649128316
-
-
European Patent Office. European patent on mutations in breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene amended after public hearing. Press release, 25 January 2005. Available from: http//www.=epo.org/about-us/ press/releases/archive/2005-html [Last accessed 3 March 2008]
-
European Patent Office. European patent on mutations in breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene amended after public hearing. Press release, 25 January 2005. Available from: http//www.=epo.org/about-us/ press/releases/archive/2005-html [Last accessed 3 March 2008]
-
-
-
-
42
-
-
44649160993
-
BRCA1 patent revisited
-
Vermij P. BRCA1 patent revisited. Nat Biotechnol 2005;23:277
-
(2005)
Nat Biotechnol
, vol.23
, pp. 277
-
-
Vermij, P.1
-
43
-
-
44649175421
-
-
Convention on the Grant of European Patents. Opened for signature 5 October 1973. United Nations Treaty Series 1065:254 Entered into force 7 October 1977
-
Convention on the Grant of European Patents. Opened for signature 5 October 1973. United Nations Treaty Series 1065:254 (Entered into force 7 October 1977)
-
-
-
-
44
-
-
44649152649
-
-
Directive 98/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 1998 on die Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions. Official journal of the European Communities L213:13 (Entered into force 30 July 1998)
-
Directive 98/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 1998 on die Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions. Official journal of the European Communities L213:13 (Entered into force 30 July 1998)
-
-
-
-
45
-
-
44649104841
-
Relaxin, Case number V0008/94. Opposition Division of the
-
European Patent Office; 8 December, 1995] EPOR 541
-
Howard Florey/Relaxin, Case number V0008/94. Opposition Division of the European Patent Office; 8 December 1994. [1995] EPOR 541
-
(1994)
-
-
Florey, H.1
-
46
-
-
34247394408
-
Assay far sulfhydryl amino adds and methods for detecting and distinguishing cobalamin and folic acid deficiency
-
US4940658;
-
Allen RH, Stabler SP, Lindenbaum J. Assay far sulfhydryl amino adds and methods for detecting and distinguishing cobalamin and folic acid deficiency. US4940658; 1990
-
(1990)
-
-
Allen, R.H.1
Stabler, S.P.2
Lindenbaum, J.3
-
47
-
-
40449124708
-
-
Klein RD, Mahoney MJ. Labcorp v. Metabolite Laboratories: the Supreme Court listens, but declines to speak. J Law Med Ethics 2008;36:141-9
-
Klein RD, Mahoney MJ. Labcorp v. Metabolite Laboratories: the Supreme Court listens, but declines to speak. J Law Med Ethics 2008;36:141-9
-
-
-
-
48
-
-
44649132990
-
-
Laboratory Corp. of America v. Metabolite Laboratories, Inc., 126 Sup. Ct. 543; 2005
-
Laboratory Corp. of America v. Metabolite Laboratories, Inc., 126 Sup. Ct. 543; 2005
-
-
-
-
49
-
-
44649090378
-
-
Metabolite Laboratories, Inc. v. Laboratory Corp. of America, No. 99-Z-870 (District of Colorado, 21 November 2001)
-
Metabolite Laboratories, Inc. v. Laboratory Corp. of America, No. 99-Z-870 (District of Colorado, 21 November 2001)
-
-
-
-
50
-
-
44649116181
-
-
Metabolite Laboratories, Inc. v. Laboratory Corp. of America, 370 F3d 1354 (Fed Cir, 2004)
-
Metabolite Laboratories, Inc. v. Laboratory Corp. of America, 370 F3d 1354 (Fed Cir, 2004)
-
-
-
-
51
-
-
0037320920
-
Effect of patents and licenses on the provision of clinical genetic testing services
-
Cho MK, Illangasekare S, Weaver MA, et al. Effect of patents and licenses on the provision of clinical genetic testing services. J Mol Diagnostics 2003;5:3-8
-
(2003)
J Mol Diagnostics
, vol.5
, pp. 3-8
-
-
Cho, M.K.1
Illangasekare, S.2
Weaver, M.A.3
-
52
-
-
2942676910
-
European opposition to exclusive control over predictive breast cancer testing and the inherent implications for United States patent law and public policy: A case study of the Myriad Genetics BRCA patent controversy
-
Paradise J. European opposition to exclusive control over predictive breast cancer testing and the inherent implications for United States patent law and public policy: a case study of the Myriad Genetics BRCA patent controversy. Food Drug Law J 2004;59:133-54
-
(2004)
Food Drug Law J
, vol.59
, pp. 133-154
-
-
Paradise, J.1
-
53
-
-
30544437182
-
The licensing of DNA patents by US academic institutions: An empirical study
-
Pressman L, Burgess R, Cook-Deegan RM, et al. The licensing of DNA patents by US academic institutions: an empirical study. Nat Biotechnol 2006;24:31-9
-
(2006)
Nat Biotechnol
, vol.24
, pp. 31-39
-
-
Pressman, L.1
Burgess, R.2
Cook-Deegan, R.M.3
-
54
-
-
0012235762
-
Hopkins v CellPro: An illustration that parenting and exclusive Rcensing of fundamental science is not always in the public interest
-
Mikhail P. Hopkins v CellPro: an illustration that parenting and exclusive Rcensing of fundamental science is not always in the public interest. Harvard J Law Technol 2000; 13:375-94
-
(2000)
Harvard J Law Technol
, vol.13
, pp. 375-394
-
-
Mikhail, P.1
-
55
-
-
3142781905
-
Effects of research tool patenting and licensing on biomedical innovation
-
Cohen WM, Merrill SA, editors, National Academies Press: Washington DC;
-
Walsh JP, Arora A, Cohen WM. Effects of research tool patenting and licensing on biomedical innovation. In: Cohen WM, Merrill SA, editors, Patents in the knowledge-based economy. National Academies Press: Washington DC; 2003. p. 285-340
-
(2003)
Patents in the knowledge-based economy
, pp. 285-340
-
-
Walsh, J.P.1
Arora, A.2
Cohen, W.M.3
-
56
-
-
27144478320
-
Balancing innovation and access to healthcare through the patent system: An Australian perspective
-
Nicol D. Balancing innovation and access to healthcare through the patent system: an Australian perspective. Comm Genet 2005;8:228-34
-
(2005)
Comm Genet
, vol.8
, pp. 228-234
-
-
Nicol, D.1
-
57
-
-
44649129787
-
-
Genetic Technologies Ltd, 15 January 2008. Available from:, Last accessed 3 March 2008
-
Genetic Technologies Ltd. Company announcements: licensing update. 15 January 2008. Available from: http://www.gtg.com.aulindex.asp?menuid=060.070.130&artid= 10722&funccion=NewsArticle [Last accessed 3 March 2008]
-
Company announcements: Licensing update
-
-
-
58
-
-
44649167963
-
-
Genetic Technologies Ltd, Available from:, Last accessed 3 March 2008
-
Genetic Technologies Ltd. Issued licences. Available from: http://www.gtg.com.au/index.asp?menuid=060.070.190.020 [Last accessed 3 March 2008]
-
Issued licences
-
-
-
59
-
-
33750093339
-
Shifting emphasis from pharmacogenomics to theragnostics
-
Ozdemir V, Williams-Jones B, Glatt SJ, et al. Shifting emphasis from pharmacogenomics to theragnostics. Nat Biotechnol 2006;24:942-6
-
(2006)
Nat Biotechnol
, vol.24
, pp. 942-946
-
-
Ozdemir, V.1
Williams-Jones, B.2
Glatt, S.J.3
-
62
-
-
44649188255
-
Biotechnology patents and the New Zealand health and research sectors [abstract]
-
Calgary, 15-17 November 2007. Available from:, Last accessed 31 March 2008
-
Green A, Wee R, Henaghan B. Biotechnology patents and the New Zealand health and research sectors [abstract]. Alberta Civil Liberties Research Centre Conference, One Origin, One Race, One Earth. Calgary, 15-17 November 2007. Available from: http://www.aclrc.com/OneOrigin/index.htm [Last accessed 31 March 2008]
-
Alberta Civil Liberties Research Centre Conference, One Origin, One Race, One Earth
-
-
Green, A.1
Wee, R.2
Henaghan, B.3
-
63
-
-
44649199617
-
-
Stern S, Murray FE. Do formal intellectual property rights hinder the free flow of scientific knowledge? An empirical test of the anti-commons hypothesis. NBER Working Paper No. W11465 2005. Available fiom: htcp:// ssm.com/abstract=755701 [Last accessed 31 March 2008]
-
Stern S, Murray FE. Do formal intellectual property rights hinder the free flow of scientific knowledge? An empirical test of the anti-commons hypothesis. NBER Working Paper No. W11465 2005. Available fiom: htcp:// ssm.com/abstract=755701 [Last accessed 31 March 2008]
-
-
-
-
64
-
-
25444510682
-
View from the bench: Patents and material transfers
-
Walsh JP, Cho C, Cohen W. View from the bench: patents and material transfers. Science 2005;309:2002-3
-
(2005)
Science
, vol.309
, pp. 2002-2003
-
-
Walsh, J.P.1
Cho, C.2
Cohen, W.3
-
66
-
-
33750102879
-
Emerging patent issues in genomic diagnostics
-
Barton JH. Emerging patent issues in genomic diagnostics. Nat Biotechnol 2006;24:939-41
-
(2006)
Nat Biotechnol
, vol.24
, pp. 939-941
-
-
Barton, J.H.1
-
67
-
-
0036914122
-
Why the gene patenting controversy persists
-
Eisenberg RS. Why the gene patenting controversy persists. Acad Med 2002;77:1381-7
-
(2002)
Acad Med
, vol.77
, pp. 1381-1387
-
-
Eisenberg, R.S.1
-
68
-
-
44649086793
-
-
National Research Council, Committee on Intellectual Property Rights in the Knowledge-Based Economy, Merrill SA, Levin RC, Myers MB, editors. National Academies Press: Washington DC;
-
National Research Council, Committee on Intellectual Property Rights in the Knowledge-Based Economy. A patent system for the 21st century. Merrill SA, Levin RC, Myers MB, editors. National Academies Press: Washington DC; 2004
-
(2004)
A patent system for the 21st century
-
-
-
69
-
-
14544298751
-
Genes and ingenuity: Gene patenting and human health
-
Australian Law Reform Commission, Report 99. Australian Government, Canberra
-
Australian Law Reform Commission. Genes and ingenuity: gene patenting and human health. Report 99. Australian Government, Canberra, 2004
-
(2004)
-
-
-
70
-
-
44649158037
-
-
Canadian Biotechnology Advisory Council. Report on human genetic materials, intellectual property and the health sector. Government of Canada, Ottawa; 2006
-
Canadian Biotechnology Advisory Council. Report on human genetic materials, intellectual property and the health sector. Government of Canada, Ottawa; 2006
-
-
-
-
71
-
-
14544283542
-
The freedom to tinker: Patent law and experimental use
-
Rimmer M. The freedom to tinker: patent law and experimental use. Expert Opin Ther Patents 2005;15:167-200
-
(2005)
Expert Opin Ther Patents
, vol.15
, pp. 167-200
-
-
Rimmer, M.1
-
72
-
-
33747035261
-
Genetic profiteering
-
De Francesco L. Genetic profiteering. Nat Biotechnol 2006;24:888-90
-
(2006)
Nat Biotechnol
, vol.24
, pp. 888-890
-
-
De Francesco, L.1
-
73
-
-
42549168089
-
Pharmacogenetic testing; legal considerations for consent, privacy, and disclosure
-
Romeo-Malanda S, Nicol D. Pharmacogenetic testing; legal considerations for consent, privacy, and disclosure. Personalized Med 2008;5:155-61
-
(2008)
Personalized Med
, vol.5
, pp. 155-161
-
-
Romeo-Malanda, S.1
Nicol, D.2
-
74
-
-
33747071175
-
A change in the market: Investing in diagnostics
-
Batchelder K. Miller P. A change in the market: investing in diagnostics. Nat Biotechnol 2006;24:922-6
-
(2006)
Nat Biotechnol
, vol.24
, pp. 922-926
-
-
Batchelder, K.1
Miller, P.2
-
75
-
-
33747054729
-
New-wave diagnostics
-
Baker M. New-wave diagnostics. Nat Biotechnol 2006;24:931-9
-
(2006)
Nat Biotechnol
, vol.24
, pp. 931-939
-
-
Baker, M.1
-
76
-
-
3242803464
-
Genomic patents and product development incentives
-
Knoppers BM, Laberge C, Hirde M, editors, Kluwer Law International, The Hague;
-
Eisenberg RS. Genomic patents and product development incentives. In: Knoppers BM, Laberge C, Hirde M, editors, Human DNA: law and policy. Kluwer Law International, The Hague; 1997:373-8
-
(1997)
Human DNA: Law and policy
, pp. 373-378
-
-
Eisenberg, R.S.1
-
77
-
-
0001445105
-
Navigating the patent thicket: Cross licences, patent pools and standard-setting
-
Jaffe A, Lerner J, Stern S, editors, MIT Press: Cambridge, MA
-
Shapiro C. Navigating the patent thicket: cross licences, patent pools and standard-setting. In: Jaffe A, Lerner J, Stern S, editors, Innovation Policy and the Economy. MIT Press: Cambridge, MA: 2001;119-50
-
(2001)
Innovation Policy and the Economy
, pp. 119-150
-
-
Shapiro, C.1
-
78
-
-
0032076909
-
Can patents deter innovation? The anticommons in biomedical research
-
Heller MA, Eisenberg RS. Can patents deter innovation? The anticommons in biomedical research. Science 1998;280:698-702
-
(1998)
Science
, vol.280
, pp. 698-702
-
-
Heller, M.A.1
Eisenberg, R.S.2
-
82
-
-
44649141638
-
-
IP Worldwide. 30 December, Available from:, Last accessed 28 February 2008
-
Caulfield BA. Why we hate gene patents. IP Worldwide. 30 December 2002. Available from: http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1039054490790 [Last accessed 28 February 2008]
-
(2002)
Why we hate gene patents
-
-
Caulfield, B.A.1
-
83
-
-
33846946591
-
-
Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development:, OECD, Paris;
-
Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development: Guidelines for the Licensing of Genetic Inventions. OECD, Paris; 2006
-
(2006)
Guidelines for the Licensing of Genetic Inventions
-
-
-
84
-
-
0011279933
-
Principles and guidelines for recipients of NIH research grants and contracts on obtaining and disseminating biomedical research resources: Final notice
-
National Institutes of Health
-
National Institutes of Health. Principles and guidelines for recipients of NIH research grants and contracts on obtaining and disseminating biomedical research resources: final notice. Fed Reg 1999;64:72090
-
(1999)
Fed Reg
, vol.64
, pp. 72090
-
-
-
85
-
-
30544441485
-
Best practices for the licensing of genomic inventions: Final notice
-
National Institutes of Health
-
National Institutes of Health. Best practices for the licensing of genomic inventions: final notice. Fed Reg 2005;70:18413
-
(2005)
Fed Reg
, vol.70
, pp. 18413
-
-
-
86
-
-
44649172844
-
-
Patent pools: a solution to the problem of access in biotechnology patents? United States Patent and Trademark Office: Washington DC; 2000
-
Clark J, Piccolo J, Stanton B, Tyson K. Patent pools: a solution to the problem of access in biotechnology patents? United States Patent and Trademark Office: Washington DC; 2000
-
-
-
Clark, J.1
Piccolo, J.2
Stanton, B.3
Tyson, K.4
-
87
-
-
23444446348
-
-
Patent pools and standard setting in diagnostic genetics. Nat Biotechnol 2005;23:937-8
-
Ebersole TJ, Guthrie MN, Goldstein JA. Patent pools and standard setting in diagnostic genetics. Nat Biotechnol 2005;23:937-8
-
-
-
Ebersole, T.J.1
Guthrie, M.N.2
Goldstein, J.A.3
-
91
-
-
44649154166
-
Intellectual property management strategies to accelerate the development and access of vaccines and diagnostics: Case studies on pandemic influenza, malaria and SARS
-
Krattiger A, Kowalski S, Eiss R, Taubman A. Intellectual property management strategies to accelerate the development and access of vaccines and diagnostics: case studies on pandemic influenza, malaria and SARS. Innov Strategy Today 2006;2:67-122
-
(2006)
Innov Strategy Today
, vol.2
, pp. 67-122
-
-
Krattiger, A.1
Kowalski, S.2
Eiss, R.3
Taubman, A.4
-
93
-
-
33644502956
-
Towards an intellectual property clearinghouse for agricultural biotechnology
-
Graff G, Zilberman D. Towards an intellectual property clearinghouse for agricultural biotechnology. Intellectual Prop Strategy Today 2001;3:1-14
-
(2001)
Intellectual Prop Strategy Today
, vol.3
, pp. 1-14
-
-
Graff, G.1
Zilberman, D.2
-
94
-
-
33646481382
-
A clearing house for diagnostic testing: The solution to ensure access to and use of patented genetic inventions?
-
Van Zimmeren E, Verbeure B, Van Overwalle G, Mattijs G. A clearing house for diagnostic testing: the solution to ensure access to and use of patented genetic inventions? Bull World Health Org 2006;84:352-9
-
(2006)
Bull World Health Org
, vol.84
, pp. 352-359
-
-
Van Zimmeren, E.1
Verbeure, B.2
Van Overwalle, G.3
Mattijs, G.4
-
96
-
-
44649136449
-
Cooperative strategies for facilitating use of patented inventions in biotechnology
-
Nicol D, Hope J. Cooperative strategies for facilitating use of patented inventions in biotechnology. Law Context 2006;24:85-112
-
(2006)
Law Context
, vol.24
, pp. 85-112
-
-
Nicol, D.1
Hope, J.2
-
97
-
-
47149100308
-
On Behalf of the Eshg Working Party on Human Genetics. Patenting and licensing in genetic testing: Recommendations of the European Society of Human Genetics
-
Aymé S, Matthijs G, Soni S; On Behalf of the Eshg Working Party on Human Genetics. Patenting and licensing in genetic testing: recommendations of the European Society of Human Genetics. Eur J Hum Genetics 2008;16:405-11
-
(2008)
Eur J Hum Genetics
, vol.16
, pp. 405-411
-
-
Aymé, S.1
Matthijs, G.2
Soni, S.3
|