Geochemical characterization of bentonite beds in the Two Medicine Formation (Campanian, Montana), including a new 40Ar/39Ar age

Cretaceous Research

Volumn 29, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 373-385

  Foreman, B Z ^a   Rogers, R R ^a   Deino, A L ^b   Wirth, K R ^a   Thole, J T ^a  

^a MACALESTER COLLEGE   (United States)

^b BERKELEY GEOCHRONOLOGY CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Bentonite; Geochemistry; Late cretaceous; Montana; Radioisotopic dating; Stratigraphy

Indexed keywords

ARGON-ARGON DATING; BENTONITE; CAMPANIAN; GEOCHEMISTRY; RADIONUCLIDE; TERRESTRIAL DEPOSIT; TRACE ELEMENT; X-RAY FLUORESCENCE;

NORTH AMERICA; WESTERN INTERIOR;

EID: 44649145193     PISSN: 01956671     EISSN: 1095998X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2007.07.001     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Bertog J.L., and Huff W.D. Biotite geochemistry of the bentonites in the Sharon Springs member of the Pierre Shale (Campanian, Late Cretaceous): their use in magmatic interpretation and stratigraphic correlation. Abstracts with Programs. Geological Society of America 31 (1999) 233
2. Borchardt G.A., Harward M.E., and Schmitt R.A. Correlation of volcanic ash deposits by activation analysis of glass separates. Quaternary Research 1 (1971) 247-260
3. Chadwick R.A. Chronology and structural setting of volcanism in southwestern and central Montana. In: Tucker T.A. (Ed). Southwest Montana (1981) 301-310 (Montana Geology Society, Field Conference 1981)
4. Christidis G.E. Comparative study of the mobility of major and trace elements during alteration of an andesite and a rhyolite to bentonite, in the islands of Milos and Kimolos, Aegean, Greece. Clays and Clay Minerals 46 (1998) 379-399
5. Christidis G.E. Geochemical correlation of bentonites from Milos Island, Aegean, Greece. Clay Minerals 36 (2001) 295-306
6. Cunningham, B., 1999. Petrogenesis of the Adel Mountains Volcanic Field, central Montana, Unpublished Maters thesis, Department of Geology, University of Montana, Missoula, 82 pp.
7. Delano J.W., and Tice S. Geochemical fingerprinting of volcanic glass from K-bentonites in the Utica Shale and Trenton Group, New York State: Stratigraphic and structural implications. Abstracts with Programs. Geological Society of America 25 (1993) 33
8. Eberth, D.A., Deino, A.L., 1992. A geochronology of the nonmarine Judith River Formation of southern Alberta. SEPM Theme Meeting, Mesozoic of the Western Interior, 24-25.
9. Eberth D.A., and Hamblin A.P. Tectonic, stratigraphic, and sedimentologic significance of a regional discontinuity in the upper Judith River Group (Belly River wedge) of southern Alberta, Saskatchewan, and northern Montana. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30 (1993) 174-200
10. Gill, J.R., Cobban, W.A., 1973. Stratigraphy and geologic history of the Montana Group and equivalent rocks, Montana, Wyoming, and North and South Dakota. United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper 776, 37.
11. Goodwin M.B., and Deino A.L. The first radiometric ages from the Judith River Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Hill County, Montana. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26 (1989) 1384-1391
12. Gradstein F.M., Ogg J.G., Smith A.G., Bleeker W., and Lourens L.J. A new Geologic Time Scale, with special reference to Precambrian and Neogene. Episodes 27 (2004) 83-100
13. 39Ar isotopic dates from the Adel Mountains Volcanics: Implications for the relationship between deformation and magnetism in the Montana Disturbed Belt, western Montana. Abstracts with Programs. Geological Society of America 23 (1991) 136
14. 39Ar isotopic age of the C33r/C33n geomagnetic reversal from the Judith River Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Elk Basin, Wyoming, USA. Journal of Geology 103 (1995) 243-356
15. Hicks J.F., Obradovich J.D., and Tauxe L. Magnetostratigraphy, isotopic age calibration and intercontinental correlation of the Red Bird section of the Pierre Shale, Niobrara County, Wyoming, USA. Cretaceous Research 20 (1999) 1-27
16. Horner, J.R., Schmitt, J.G., Jackson, F., Hanna, R., 2001. Bones and rocks of the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine-Judith River clastic wedge complex, Montana. Museum of the Rockies Occasional Paper No. 3, 3-13.
17. Horner J.R., Varricchio D.J., and Goodwin M.B. Marine transgressions and the evolution of Cretaceous dinosaurs. Nature 358 (1992) 59-61
18. Huff W.D. Correlation of Middle Ordovician K-bentonites based on chemical fingerprinting. Journal of Geology 91 (1983) 657-669
19. Huff W.D., and Kolata D.R. Correlation of K-bentonite beds by chemical fingerprinting using multivariate statistics. In: Cross T.A. (Ed). Quantitative Dynamic Stratigraphy (1989), Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 567-577
20. Jack, R.N., and Carmichael, I.S.E., 1969. The chemical 'fingerprinting' of acid volcanic rocks. California Division of Mines and Geology, Short Contributions 100, 17-32.
21. King, J.T., 1997. Facies analysis of the volcaniclastic Two Medicine Formation, Wolf Creek, Montana. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Department of Geology, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 54 pp.
22. Klecka W.R. Discriminant Analysis. In: Nie N.H., Hull C.H., Jenkins J.G., Steinbrenner K., and Bent D.H. (Eds). SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. second ed. (1981), McGraw-Hill, New York 434-467
23. Kolata, D.R., Frost, J.K., and Huff, W.D., 1986. K-bentonites of the Ordovician Decorah Subgroup, upper Mississippi Valley: Correlation by chemical fingerprinting: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 537, 30.
24. Lerbekmo J.F. Chemical and modal analyses of some Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene bentonites from western Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 5 (1968) 1505-1511
25. Lorenz, J.C., 1981. Sedimentary and tectonic history of the Two Medicine Formation, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), northwestern Montana. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Department of Geology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 215 pp.
26. Lyons J.B. Igneous rocks of the northern Big Belt range, Montana. Geological Society of America Bulletin 55 (1944) 445-472
27. McLean, J.R., 1971. Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation in the Canadian Great Plains. Saskatchewan Research Council, Geology Division, Report 11, 96 pp.
28. Pellenard P., Deconinick J.-F., Huff W.D., Thierry J., Marchand D., Fortwengler D., and Trouiller A. Characterization and correlation of Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian) bentonite deposits in the Paris Basin and the Subalpine Basin, France. Sedimentology 50 (2003) 1035-1060
29. Randle K., Goles G.G., and Kittleman L.R. Geochemical and petrological characterization of ash samples from Cascade Range Volcanoes. Quaternary Research 1 (1971) 261-282
30. 39Ar dating. Chemical Geology 145 (1998) 117-152
31. Roberts, E.M., 1999. A stratigraphic and sedimentologic analysis of the southern Two Medicine Formation, central Montana. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Department of Geology, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 80 pp.
32. Roberts E.M., and Hendrix M.S. Taphonomy of a petrified forest in the Two Medicine Formation (Campanian), Northwest Montana: Implications for palinspastic restoration of the Boulder Batholith and Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics. Palaios 15 (2000) 478-482
33. 39Ar age of the Kaiparowits Formation, southern Utah, and correlation of contemporaneous Campanian strata and vertebrate faunas along the margin of the Western Interior Basin. Cretaceous Research 26 (2005) 307-318
34. Rogers R.R. Taphonomy of three dinosaur bone beds in the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of northwestern Montana: Evidence for drought-related mortality. Palaios 5 (1990) 394-413
35. Rogers R.R. Nature and origin of through-going discontinuities in nonmarine foreland basin strata, Upper Cretaceous, Montana: Implications for sequence analysis. Geology 22 (1994) 1119-1122
36. Rogers, R.R., 1995. Sequence stratigraphy and vertebrate taphonomy of the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine and Judith River formations, Montana. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Department of Geology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 400 pp.
37. Rogers R.R. Sequence analysis of the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine and Judith River Formations, Montana: Nonmarine response to the Claggett and Bearpaw Marine Cycles. Journal of Sedimentary Research 68 (1998) 615-631
38. 39Ar age and correlation of the nonmarine Two Medicine Formation (Upper Cretaceous), northwestern Montana, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 30 (1993) 1066-1075
39. Ross, C.P., Andrews, D.A., and Witkind, I.J., 1955. Geologic map of Montana. United States Geological Survey, Map MR-411.
40. Russell L.S. Correlation of the Upper Cretaceous Montana Group between southern Alberta and Montana. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 7 (1970) 1099-1108
41. Sanderson, J.O.G., 1931. Upper Cretaceous volcanic ash beds in Alberta. Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada 25, 61-70.
42. Smedes, H.W., 1966. Geology and igneous petrology of the northern Elkhorn Mountains Jefferson and Broadwater counties, Montana. United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper 510, 116.
43. Smith, A.E. 1998. Volcanism and associated sedimentation in a retroarc foreland basin: the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of west-central Montana. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Department of Geology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 170 pp.
44. Smith A.E., and Schmitt J.G. Response of fluvial systems to explosive and effusive volcanism: Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation, west-central Montana. Abstracts with Programs. Geological Society of America 30 (1998) 192
45. Spivey, R.C. 1940. Bentonite in southwestern South Dakota. South Dakota Geological Survey, Report of Investigations 36, 56
46. Stebinger, E., 1914. The Montana Group of northwestern Montana. United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper 90-G, pp. 60-68.
47. Thomas R.G., Eberth D.A., Deino A.L., and Robinson D. Composition, radioisotopic ages, and potential significance of an altered volcanic ash (bentonite) from the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation, Dinosaur Provincial Park, southern Alberta, Canada. Cretaceous Research 11 (1990) 125-162
48. Tilling R.I., Klepper M.R., and Obradovich J.D. Potassium-argon ages and time of emplacement of the Boulder batholith, Montana. American Journal of Science 266 (1968) 671-689
49. Vervoort, J.D., Wirth, K., Kennedy, B., Sandland, T., Harpp, K.S. The magmatic evolution of the Midcontinental rift: New geochronologic and geochemical evidence from felsic magmatism. Precambrian Research, in press. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2007.02.019.
50. Viele G.W., and Harris II F.G. Montana Group stratigraphy, Lewis and Clark County, Montana. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 49 (1965) 379-417
51. Winchester J.A., and Floyd P.A. Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chemical Geology 20 (1977) 325-343
52. Wray D.S. Identification and long-range correlation of bentonites in Turonian-Coniacian (Upper Cretaceous) chalks of northwest Europe. Geological Magazine 136 (1999) 361-371