Reflecting ecological criteria in laws supporting the Baja to Bering Sea marine protected areas network case study

Environmental Science and Policy

Volumn 11, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 394-407

  Vásárhelyi, Charlotte ^a   Thomas, Vernon G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH   (Canada)

Author keywords

Ecological criteria; Legislation; Marine protected areas; North America

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CANADA; CONTROLLED STUDY; ECOLOGY; ENDANGERED SPECIES; ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; LAW ENFORCEMENT; LEGAL ASPECT; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; MIGRATION; PACIFIC OCEAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPECIES ENDEMICITY; SPECIES HABITAT; SPECIES RARITY; UNITED STATES;

EID: 44649122798     PISSN: 14629011     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2008.01.007     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Acosta C.A. Benthic dispersal of Caribbean spiny lobsters among insular habitats: implications for the conservation of exploited marine species. Conserv. Biol. 13 3 (1999) 603-612
2. Agardy T. Information needs for marine protected areas: scientific and societal. Bull. Mar. Sci. 66 3 (2000) 875-888
3. Agardy T., Bridgewater P., Crosby M.P., Day J., Dayton P.K., Kenchington R., Laffoley D., McConney P., Murray P.A., Parks J.E., and Peau L. Dangerous targets? Unresolved issues and ideological clashes around marine protected areas. Aquat. Conserv.: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 13 4 (2003) 353-367
4. Airamé S., Dugan J.E., Lafferty K.D., Leslie H., McArdle D.A., and Warner R.R. Applying ecological criteria to marine reserve design: a case study from the California Channel Islands. Ecol. Appl. 13 1 (2003) S170-S184
5. Alaska Department of Fish and Game Marine Protected Areas Task Force, 2002. Marine protected areas in Alaska: recommendations for a public process. Regional Information Report 5J02-08. Report of the Alaska Board of Fisheries, Juneau, AK.
6. Antonelis G.A., Sinclair E.H., Ream R.R., and Robson B.W. Inter-island variation in the female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) in the Bering Sea. J. Zool. 242 3 (1997) 35-451
7. Ardron, J., Lash, J., Haggarty, D., 2001. Designing a network of marine protected areas in the central coast of British Columbia, vol. 1, Overview (3.2). Living Oceans Society, Sointula, BC. Available: http://www.livingoceans.org/library.htm.
8. Barr J., Henwood B., and Lewis K. A marine protected areas strategy for the Pacific coast of Canada. In: Munro N.W.P., and Willison J.H.M. (Eds). Linking Protected Areas with Working Landscapes Conserving Biodiversity (1998), Science and Management of Protected Areas Association, Wolfville, NS 161-168
9. Beier P., and Noss R.F. Do habitat corridors provide connectivity?. Conserv. Biol. 12 6 (1998) 1241-1252
10. Berdugo J.F., Arias Y., and Ángulo J. Communities and stakeholders in marine protected areas of Mexico Dominican Republic and Cuba. In: Breton Y., Brown D., Davy B., Haughton M., and Ovares L. (Eds). Coastal Resource Management in the Wider Caribbean: Resilience, Adaptation, and Community Diversity (2006), IDRC, Ottawa, ON 105-136
11. Botsford L.W., Hastings A., and Gaines S.D. Dependence of sustainability on the configuration of marine reserves and larval dispersal distance. Ecol. Lett. 4 2 (2001) 144-150
12. Botsford L.W., Micheli F., and Hastings A. Principles for the design of marine reserves. Ecol. Appl. 13 1 (2003) S25-S31
13. Braham H.W. Distribution and migration of gray whales in Alaska. In: Jones M., Swartz S., and Leatherwood S. (Eds). The Gray Whale, Eschrichtius Robustus (1984), Academic Press, Orlando, FL 249-266
14. Campbell M., and Thomas V.G. How the constitution affects conservation in Canada: effects of federalism on biodiversity protection. Environ. Policy Law 32 5 (2002) 223-232
15. CBD, 1992. Convention on Biological Diversity. Convention Text. Open for Signatures 5 June 1992 at Rio de Janeiro, A/CONF.151/26.31I.L.M.818. Montreal, PQ.
16. Commission for Environmental Cooperation of North America (CEC), 2002. North American Agenda for Action: 2003-2005. Conservation of Biodiversity. CEC, Montreal, PQ. Available: http://www.cec.org/pubs_docs/scope/indexcfm?varlan=english&ID=12.
17. Côté F., and Finney J. Marine Protected Areas: An Essential Element of The Fisheries Management Toolbox. Report of the Science and Technology Division (2006), Library of Parliament, Ottawa, ON
18. Croxall J.P., and Wood A.G. The importance of the Patagonian shelf for top predator species breeding at South Georgia. Aquat. Conserv.: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 12 1 (2002) 101-118
19. Dayton P.K., Tegner M.J., Edwards P.B., and Riser K.L. Sliding baselines, ghosts and reduced expectations in kelp forest communities. Ecol. Appl. 8 (1998) 309-322
20. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). Federal marine protected areas strategy. Communications Branch (2005), Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON
21. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Canada's Oceans Action Plan for Present and Future Generations. Communications Branch (2005), Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON
22. Halpern B.S. The impact of marine reserves: do reserves work and does reserve size matter?. Ecol. Appl. 13 1 (2003) S117-S137
23. Hastings A., and Botsford L.N. Equivalence in yield for marine reserves and traditional fisheries management. Science 284 5419 (1999) 1537-1538
24. Hastings A., and Botsford L.W. Comparing designs of marine reserves for fisheries and for biodiversity. Ecol. Appl. 13 1 (2003) S65-S70
25. Holland D.S., and Brazee R.J. Marine reserves for fisheries management. Mar. Resour. Econ. 11 3 (1996) 157-171
26. International Fisheries Division, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, 2002. International Agreements Concerning Living Marine Resources of Interest to NOAA Fisheries. Prepared for the National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Silver Spring, MD.
27. Jamieson G.S., and Levings C.D. Marine protected areas: connectivity considerations. In: Munro N.W.P., and Willison J.H.M. (Eds). Linking Protected Areas with Working Landscapes Conserving Biodiversity (1998), Science and management of Protected Areas Association, Wolfville, NS 151-160
28. Jamieson, G.S., Lessard, J., 2000. Marine protected areas and fisheries closures in British Columbia. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 131, 414 pp.
29. Jamieson G.S., and Levings C.O. Marine protected areas in Canada-implications for both conservation and fisheries management. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 58 1 (2001) 138-156
30. Joint Initiative of the Governments of Canada and British Columbia, 1998. Marine protected areas a strategy for Canada's pacific coast. Discussion paper. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Vancouver, BC. Available: http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/oceans/mpa/dispap_e.htm.
31. Kaiser M.J. Marine protected areas: the importance of being earnest. Aquat. Conserv.: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 14 6 (2004) 635-638
32. Kelleher G., and Kenchington R. Guidelines for Establishing Marine Protected Areas. A Marine Conservation and Development Report (1992), World Conservation Union (IUCN), Gland, VD, Switzerland
33. Lauck T., Clark C.W., Mangel M., and Munro G.R. Implementing the precautionary principle in fisheries management through marine reserves. Ecol. Appl. 8 1 (1998) S72-S78
34. Leis J.M. The pelagic stage of reef fishes: the larval biology of coral reef fishes. In: Sale P.F. (Ed). The Ecology of Coral Reefs (1991), Academic Press, San Diego, CA 183-230
35. Lyster S. International Wildlife Law An Analysis of International Treaties Concerned with the Conservation of Wildlife (1985), Grotius Publications Limited, Cambridge, UK
36. Mann K.H., and Lazier J.R.N. Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems: Biological-Physical Interactions in the Oceans (1996), Blackwell Science, Cambridge, MA
37. Mehlum F., Hunt, Decker M.B., and Nordlund N. Hydrographic features, cetaceans and the foraging of thick-billed murres and other marine birds in the northwestern Barents Sea. Arctic 51 3 (1998) 243-252
38. Morgan L., Maxwell S., Tsao F., Wilkinson T.A.C., and Etnoyer P. Marine Priority Conservation Areas: Baja California to the Bering Sea (2005), Commission for Environmental Cooperation of North America and the Marine Conservation Biology Institute, Montreal, PQ
39. National Research Council. Marine Protected Areas: Tools for Sustaining Ocean Ecosystems. Prepared by the Committee on the Evaluation, Design, and Monitoring of Marine Reserve and Protected Areas in the United States Ocean Studies Board Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources National Research Council (2001), Academy Press, Washington, DC
40. Pauly D., Christensen V., Dalsgaard J., Froese R., and Torres F. Fishing down marine food webs. Science 279 5352 (1998) 860-863
41. Poole M. Migration corridors of gray whales along the central California coast. In: Jones M., Swartz S., and Leatherwood S. (Eds). The Gray Whale, Eschrichtius Robustus (1984), Academic Press, Orlando, FL 389-407
42. Roberts C.M. Effects of fishing on the ecosystem structure of coral reefs. Conserv. Biol. 9 5 (1995) 988-995
43. Roberts C.M. Selecting marine reserve locations: optimality versus opportunism. Bull. Mar. Sci. 66 3 (2000) 581-592
44. Roberts C.M., Andelman S., Branch G., Bustamente R.H., Castilla J.C., Dugan J., Halpern B.S., Lafferty K.D., Leslie H., Lubchenko J., McArdle D., Possingham H.P., Ruckelshaus M., and Warner R.R. Ecological criteria for evaluating candidate sites for marine reserves. Ecol. Appl. 13 Suppl. 1 (2003) S199-S214
45. Roberts C.M., Branch G., Bustamante R.H., Castilla J.C., Dugan J., Halpern B.S., Lafferty K.D., Leslie H., Lubchenko J., McArdle D., Ruckelshaus M., and Warner R. Application of ecological criteria in selecting marine reserves and developing reserve networks. Ecol. Appl. 13 1 (2003) S215-S228
46. Robinson C.L.K., Morrison J., and Foreman M.G.G. Oceanographic connectivity among marine protected areas on the north coast of British Columbia, Canada. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 62 6 (2005) 1350-1362
47. Roff J.C. Conservation of marine biodiversity: too much diversity, to little co-operation. Aquat. Conserv.: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 15 1 (2005) 1-5
48. Roff J.C., and Taylor M.E. National frameworks for marine conservation-a hierarchical geophysical approach. Aquat. Conserv.: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 10 3 (2000) 209-223
49. Roff J.C., and Evans S. Frameworks for marine conservation: non hierarchical approaches and distinctive habitats. Aquat. Conserv.: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 12 6 (2002) 635-648
50. Roughgarden J., Gaines S., and Possingham H. Recruitment dynamics in complex life cycles. Science 241 4872 (1988) 1460-1466
51. Scovazzi T. Marine protected areas on the high seas: some legal and policy considerations. Int. J. Mar. Coast. Law 19 1 (2004) 1-17
52. Smith P.C. Seasonal and interannual variability of current, temperature, and salinity off southwest Nova Scotia. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 46 Suppl. 1 (1989) 4-20
53. Suzuki D. A look at world parks. Science 301 5638 (2003) 1289
54. UN Atlas of the Oceans, 2004. Available: http://www.oceansatlas.com.
55. UNCLOS, 1982. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Convention Text. Open for Signatures, 10 December 1982 at Montego Bay, Jamaica.
56. Vanderzwaag D.L., and Hutchings J.A. Canada's marine species at risk: science and law at the helm, but a sea of uncertainties. Ocean Dev. Int. Law 36 3 (2005) 219-259
57. Vásárhelyi, C., 2002. Analysis of national and international legislation for development of protected areas networks. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, 81 pp.
58. Vásárhelyi C., and Thomas V.G. Analysis of Canadian and American legislation for controlling exotic species in the Great Lakes. Aquat. Conserv.: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 13 5 (2003) 417-427
59. Vásárhelyi C., and Thomas V.G. Evaluating the capacity of Canadian and American legislation to implement terrestrial protected areas networks. Environ. Sci. Policy 9 1 (2006) 46-54
60. Welsh A.B. Factors influencing the effectiveness of local versus national protection of migratory species: a case study of lake sturgeon in the Great Lakes, North America. Environ. Sci. Policy 7 4 (2004) 315-328
61. Weible C., Sabatier P.A., and Lubell M. A comparison of a collaborative and top-down approach to the use of science in policy: establishing marine protected areas in California. Policy Stud. J. 32 2 (2004) 187-207
62. Zacharias M.A., and Roff J.C. A hierarchical ecological approach to conserving marine biodiversity. Conserv. Biol. 14 5 (2000) 1327-1334
63. × M.A., and Roff J.C. Use of focal species in marine conservation and management: a review and critique. Aquat. Conserv.: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 11 1 (2001) 59-76