Ten years of measurement of tropical upper-tropospheric water vapor by MOZAIC. Part II: Assessing the ECMWF humidity analysis

Journal of Climate

Volumn 21, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 1449-1466

  Luo, Zhengzhao ^a,c   Kley, Dieter ^a,b   Johnson, Richard H ^a   Smit, Herman ^b  

^a Department of Mechanical Engineering   (United States)

^b FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH   (Germany)

^c CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATOLOGY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ICE; PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION; TRANSPORT PROPERTIES; TROPOSPHERE; WATER VAPOR;

DEEP CONVECTION; ICE SUPERSATURATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY;

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY;

MEASUREMENT METHOD; MOISTURE FLUX; RELATIVE HUMIDITY; TROPICAL REGION; TROPOSPHERE; WATER VAPOR; WEATHER FORECASTING;

EID: 44449179241     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2007JCLI1887.1     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Andersson, E., and Coauthors, 1998: The ECMWF implementation of three-dimensional variational assimilation (3D-Var). III: Experimental results. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 1831-1860.
2. Bates, J. J., X. Wu, and D. L. Jackson, 1996: Interannual variability of upper-troposphere water vapor band brightness temperature. J. Climate, 9, 427-438.
3. Courtier, P., and Coauthors, 1998: The ECMWF implementation of three-dimensional variational assimilation (3D-Var). I: Formulation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 1783-1807.
4. Elliot, W. P., and D. J. Gaffen, 1991: On the utility of radiosonde humidity archives for climate studies. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 1507-1520.
5. Folkins, I., K. K. Kelly, and E. M. Weinstock, 2002: A simple explanation for the increase in relative humidity between 11 and 14 km in the tropics. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4736, doi:10.1029/ 2002JD002185.
6. Helten, M., H. G. J. Smit, W. Sträter, D. Kley, P. Nedelc, M. Zöger, and R. Busen, 1998: Calibration and performance of automatic compact instrumentation for the measurement of relative humidity from passenger aircraft. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 25 643-25 652.
7. Helten, M., and Coauthors, 1999: In-flight intercomparison, of MOZAIC and POLINAT water vapor measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 26 087-26 096.
8. Houghton, J. T., Y. Ding, D. J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P. J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell, and C. A. Johnson, Eds., 2001: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Cambridge University Press, 881 pp.
9. Jensen, E. J., W. G. Read, J. Mergenthaler, B. J. Sandor, L. Pfister, and A. Tabazadeh, 1999: High humidities and subvisible cirrus near the tropical tropopause. Geophys. Res. Lett, 26, 2347-2350.
10. Kelly, K. K., M. H. Proffitt, K. R. Chan, M. Loewenstein, J. R. Podolske, S. E. Strahan, J. C. Wilson, and D. Kley, 1993: Water vapor and cloud water measurements over Darwin during the STEP 1987 tropical mission. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 8713-8723.
11. Khairoutdinov, M., D. Randall, and C. DeMott, 2005: Simulations of the atmospheric general circulation using a cloud-resolving model as a superparameterization of physical processes. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2136-2154.
12. Kley, D., J. M. Russel III, and C. Phillips, Eds., 2000: SPARC assessment of upper tropospheric and stratospheric water vapor. SPARC Rep. 2, World Climate Research Programme 113, WMO Tech. Doc. 1043, 312 pp. [Available online at http://www.aero.jussieu.fir/~sparc/.]
13. Klinker, E., F. Rabier, G. Kelly, and J.-F. Mahfouf, 2000: The ECMWF operational implementation of four-dimensional variational assimilation. III: Experimental results and diagnostics with operational configuration. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 1191-1215.
14. Luo, Z., and G. L. Stephens, 2006: An enhanced convection-wind-evaporation feedback in a superparameterization GCM (SP-GCM) depiction of the Asian summer monsoon. Geophys. Res. Lea., 33, L06707, doi:10.1029/2005GL025060.
15. Luo, Z., J. M. Haynes, G. L. Stephens, and N. B. Wood, 2006: Evaluation of a prototype multiscale modeling framework (p-MMF) representation of tropical cloud and precipitation systems using CloudSat data: Preliminary results. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 87 (Fall Meeting Suppl.), Abstract A51E-0138.
16. Luo, Z., D. Kley, R. H. Johnson, and H. G. J. Smit, 2007: Ten years of measurements of tropical upper-tropospheric water vapor by MOZAIC. Part I: Climatology, variability, transport, and relation to deep convection. J. Climate, 20, 418-435.
17. Mahfouf, J.-F., and F. Rabier, 2000: The ECMWF operational implementation of four-dimensional variational assimilation. II: Experimental results with improved physics. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 1171-1190.
18. Marenco, A., and Coauthors, 1998: Measurement of ozone and water by Airbus in-service aircraft: The MOZIAC airborne program, an overview. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 25 631-25 642.
19. Nawrath, S., 2002: Water vapor in the tropical upper troposphere: On the influence of deep convection. Ph.D. dissertation, Universität zu Köln, 104 pp.
20. Oikonomou, E. K., and A. O'Neill, 2006: Evaluation of ozone and water vapor fields from the ECMWF reanalysis ERA-40 during 1991-1999 in comparison with UARS satellite and MOZAIC aircraft observations. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D14109, doi:10.1029/2004JD005341.
21. Ovarlez, J., and P. van Velthoven, 1997: Comparison of water vapor measurements with data retrieved from ECMWF analyses during the POLINAT experiment. J. Appl, Meteor., 36, 1329-1335.
22. Ovarlez, J., P. van Velthoven, G. Sachse, S. Vay, H. Schlager, and H. Ovarlez, 2000. Comparison of water, vapor measurements from POLINAT 2 with ECMWF analyses in high-humidity conditions. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3737-3744.
23. Rabier, F., A. McNally, E. Andersson, P. Courtier, P. Undén, J. Eyre, A. Hollingsworth, and F. Bouttier, 1998: The ECMWF implementation of three-dimensional variational assimilation (3D-Var). II: Structure functions. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 1809-1829.
24. Rabier, F., H. Jarvinen, E. Klinker, J.-F. Mahfouf, and A. Simmons, 2000: The ECMWF operational implementation of four-dimensional variational assimilation. I: Experimental results with simplified physics. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 1143-1170.
25. Smit, H. G. J., M. Helten, and D. Kley, cited 2005: Evaluation of the upper tropospheric humidity fields by ECMWF with climatology derived from 10 years of aircraft observations in MOZAIC. Proc. EMS Annual Meeting/ECAM 2005, Utrecht, Netherlands, European Meteorological Society, 12.09-16.09.
26. Soden, B. J., and F. P. Bretherton, 1993: Upper tropospheric relative humidity from the GOES 6.7 μm channel: Method and climatology for July 1987. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 16 669-16 688.
27. Stephens, G. L., D. L. Jackson, and I. Wittmeyer, 1996: Global observations of upper-tropospheric water vapor derived from TOVS radiance data. J. Climate, 9, 305-326.
28. Stephens, G. L., and Coauthors, 2002: The CloudSat mission and the A-train. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1771-1790.
29. Thompson, R. M., Jr., S. W. Payne, E. E. Recker, and R. J. Reed, 1979: Structure and properties of synoptic-scale wave disturbances in the intertropical convergence zone of the eastern Atlantic. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 53-72.
30. Tompkins, A. M., K. Gierens, and G. Rädel, 2007: Ice supersaturation in the ECMWF integrated forecast system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 133, 53-63.
31. Wang, J., D. J. Carlson, D. B. Parsons, T. F. Hock, D. Lauritsen, H. L. Cole, K. Beierle, and E. Chamberlain, 2003: Performance of operational radiosonde humidity sensors in direct comparison with a chilled mirror dew-point hygrometer and its climate implication. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1860, doi:10.1029/2003GL016985.
32. Wu, X., J. J. Bates, and S. J. S. Khalsa, 1993: A climatology of the water vapor band brightness temperatures from NOAA operational satellites. J. Climate, 6, 1282-1300.
33. Zhang, C., B. E. Mapes, and B. J. Soden, 2003: Bimodality in tropical water vapour. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 2847-2866.