Oxygen, carbon and strontium isotope constraints on the mechanisms of nappe emplacement and fluid-rock interaction along the subhorizontal Naukluft thrust, central Namibia

Journal of the Geological Society

Volumn 165, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 739-753

  Miller, Jodie A ^a   Viola, Giulio ^b   Mancktelow, Neil S ^c  

^a STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^b GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NORWAY   (Norway)

^c GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON ISOTOPE; DOLOMITE; DOLOMITIZATION; EMPLACEMENT; ISOTOPIC RATIO; MYLONITE; NAPPE; OXYGEN ISOTOPE; STABLE ISOTOPE; STRONTIUM ISOTOPE; TECTONOSTRATIGRAPHY; THRUST FAULT;

AFRICA; NAMIBIA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

EID: 44449147795     PISSN: 00167649     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1144/0016-76492007-079     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. ABART, R., BADERTSCHER, N., BURKHARD, M. & POVODEN, E. 2002. Oxygen, carbon and strontium isotope systematics in two profiles across the Glarus thrust: implications for fluid flow. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 143, 192-208.
2. ABART, R. & RAMSEYER, K. 2002. Deformation induced quartz-fluid oxygen isotope exchange during low-grade metamorphism: an example from the Glarus thrust, E Switzerland. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 82, 291-302.
3. AHRENDT, H., HUNZIKER, J.C. & WEBER, K. 1978. Age and degree of metamorphism and time of nappe emplacement along the southern margin of the Damara Orogen, South-West Africa (Namibia). Geologische Rundschau, 67, 719-742.
4. BADERTSCHER, N.P. & BURKHARD, M. 2000. Brittle-ductile deformation in the Glarus thrust Lochseiten (LK) calc-mylonite. Terra Nova, 12, 281-288.
5. BAUMGARTNER, L.P. & VALLEY, J.W. 2001. Stable isotope transport and contact metamorphic fluid flow. In: VALLEY, J.W. & COLE, D.R. (eds) Stable Isotope Geochemistry. Mineralogical Society of America, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 43, 415-467.
6. BEHR, H.-J. & HORN, E.E. 1982. Fluid inclusion systems in metaplaya deposits and their relationship to mineralization and tectonics. Chemical Geology, 37, 173-189.
7. BEHR, H.-J. & SCHMIDT-MUMM, A. 1987. The role of sedimentary and tectonic brines in the Damara Orogen. Applied Geochemistry, 2, 535-542.
8. BEHR, H.-J., AHRENDT, H., SCHMIDT, A. & WEBER, K. 1981. Saline horizons acting as thrust planes along the southern margin of the Damara Orogen (Namibia/SW Africa). In: MCCLAY, K.R. & PRICE, N.J. (eds) Thrust and Nappe Tectonics. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 9, 167-172.
9. BEHR, H.-J., AHRENDT, H., PORADA, H. & WEBER, K. 1983. The Sole Dolomite at the base of the Naukluft Nappe Complex. In: MILLER, R.McG. (ed.) Evolution of the Damara Orogen of South West Africa/Namibia. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publications, 11, 185-197.
10. BERTRAND, M. 1884. Rapports de structures des Alpes de Glaris et du bassin houllier du Nord. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, Série III, 12, 18-330.
11. BOS, B. & SPIERS, C.J. 2002. Frictional-viscous flow of phyllosilicate-bearing fault rock: Microphysical model and implications for crustal strength profiles. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 2028.
12. 13C Palaeoproterozoic carbonates from the Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Geology 26, 875-878.
13. BURKHARD, M. & KERRICH, R. 1990. Fluid-rock interactions during thrusting of the Glarus Nappe: evidence from geochemical and stable isotope data. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 70, 77-82.
14. BURKHARD, M., KERRICH, R., MAAS, R. & FYFE, W.S. 1992. Stable and Sr-isotope evidence for fluid advection during thrusting of the Glarus Nappe (Swiss Alps). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 112, 293-311.
15. COPELAND, T.B., KENDALL, C. & HOPPLE, J. 1983. Comparison of stable isotope reference samples. Nature, 302, 236-238.
16. COWARD, M.P. 1981. The junction between Pan African mobile belts in Namibia: its structural history. Tectonophysics, 76, 59-73.
17. DE KOCK, W.P. 1934. The Geology of Western Rebooth. Memoir, South West Africa Department of Mines, 5.
18. DIPPLE, G.M., WINTSCH, R.P. & ANDREWS, M.S. 1990. Identification of the scales of differential element mobility in a ductile fault zone. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 8, 645-661.
19. FRIEDMAN, I. & O'NEIL, J.R. 1977. Compilation of Stable Isotope Fractionation Factors of Geochemical Interest. US Geological Survey, Professional Papers, 440-KK.
20. FYFE, W.S. & KERRICH, R. 1985. Fluids and thrusting. Chemical Geology, 49, 353-362.
21. GUERMANI, A. & PENNACCHIONI, G. 1998. Brittle precursors of plastic deformation in a granite: an example from the Mont Blanc Massif (Helvetic Western Alps). Journal of Structural Geology, 20, 135-148.
22. HALVERSON, G.P., HOFFMAN, P.F., SCHRAG, D.P., MALOOF, A.C. & RICE, A.H.N. 2005. Towards a Neoproterozoic composite carbon isotope record. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 117, 1181-1207.
23. HARTNADY, C.J.H. 1978. The structural geology of the Naukluft Nappe Complex, South West Africa and its relationship to the Damara Orogenic Belt. PhD thesis, University of Cape Town.
24. HOEFS, J. 1997. Stable Isotope Geochemistry. Springer, Berlin.
25. HOFFMANN, K.H. 1989. New aspects of lithostratigraphic subdivision and correlation of late Proterozoic to early Cambrian rocks of the southern Damara Belt and their correlation with the central and northern Damara Belt and Gariep Belt. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 5, 59-67.
26. HUBBERT, M.K. & RUBEY, W.W. 1959. The role of fluid pressure in mechanics of overthrust faulting. 1. Mechanics of fluid-filled porous solids and its application to overthrust faulting. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 70, 115-166.
27. KAUFMAN, A.J. & KNOLL, A.H. 1995. Neoproterozoic variations in the carbon isotopic composition of seawater: Stratigraphic and biogeochemical implications. Precambrian Research, 73, 27-49.
28. KAUFMAN, A.J., HAYES, J.M., KNOLL, A.H. & GERMS, G.J.B. 1991. Isotopic composition of carbonates and organic carbon from upper Proterozoic successions in Namibia: stratigraphic variation and the effects of diagenesis and metamorphism. Precambrian Research, 49, 301-327.
29. KENNEDY, L.A. & LOGAN, J.M. 1997. The role of veining and dissolution in the evolution of fine-grained mylonites - The McConnell thrust Alberta. Journal of Structural Geology, 19, 785-797.
30. KIRSCHNER, D.L. & KENNEDY, L.A. 2001. Limited syntectonic fluid flow in carbonate-hosted thrust faults of the Front Ranges, Canadian Rockies, inferred from stable isotope data and structures. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 8827-8840.
31. KNOLL, A.H., HAYES, J.M., KAUFMAN, A.J., SWETT, K. & LAMBERT, I.B. 1986. Secular variations in carbon isotope ratios from Upper Proterozoic successions of Svalbard and East Greenland. Nature, 321, 832-838.
32. KORN, H. & MARTIN, H. 1959. Gravity tectonics in the Naukluft Mountains of South West Africa. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 70, 1047-1078.
33. MANCKTELOW, N.S. & PENNACCHIONI, G. 2005. The control of precursor brittle fracture and fluid-rock interaction on the development of single and paired ductile shear zones. Journal of Structural Geology, 27, 645-661.
34. MCCREA, J.M. 1950. On the isotope chemistry of carbonates and a palaeotemperature scale. Journal of Chemical Physics, 18, 849-857.
35. MILLER, R.Mc.G. 1983. The Pan-African Damara Orogen of South West Africa/Namibia. In: MILLER, R.McG. (ed.) Evolution of the Damara Orogen of South West Africa/Namibia. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publications, 11, 431-515.
36. MÜNCH, A.G. 1978. Das Naukluft-Deckensystem (Südwestafrika) und seine Hauptbewegungszone (Gleitbahn). PhD thesis, University of Heidelberg.
37. NORTHROP, D.A. & CLAYTON, R.N. 1966. Oxygen-isotope fractionations in systems containing dolomite. Journal of Geology, 74, 174-196.
38. OLIVER, N.H. 1996. Review and classification of structural controls on fluid flow during regional metamorphism. Journal of Structural Geology, 14, 477-492.
39. PORADA, H., AHRENDT, H., WEBER, H.J. & WEBER, K. 1983. The join of the coastal and intracontinental branches of the Damara Orogen, Namibia, South West Africa. In: MARTIN, H. & EDER, F.W. (eds) Intracontinental Fold Belts. Springer, Berlin, 901-912.
40. SAYLOR, B.Z., KAUFMAN, A.J., GROTZINGER, J.P. & URBAN, F. 1998. A composite reference section for terminal Proterozoic strata of southern Namibia. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 68, 1223-1235.
41. SCHALK, K.E.L. 1970. Some late Precambrian formations in central South West Africa. Annals of the Geological Survey of South Africa, 8, 29-47.
42. SCHMID, S.M. 1975. The Glarus overthrust: field evidence and mechanical model. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 68, 247-280.
43. SCHMIDT-MUMM, A., BEHR, H.-J. & HORN, E.E. 1987. Fluid systems in metaplaya sequences in the Damara Orogen (Namibia): Evidence for sulphur-rich brines - General evolution and first results. Chemical Geology, 61, 135-145.
44. SEGALL, P. & SIMPSON, C. 1986. Nucleation of ductile shear zones on dilatant fractures. Geology, 14, 56-59.
45. SIMPSON, C. 1985. Deformation of granitic rocks across the brittle-ductile transition. Journal of Structural Geology, 7, 503-511..
46. VALLEY, J.W. 1986. Stable isotope geochemistry of metamorphic rocks. In: VALLEY, J.W., TAYLOR, H.P. JR & O'NEIL, J.R. (eds) Stable Isotopes in High Temperature Geological Processes. Mineralogical Society of America, Reviews in Mineralogy, 16, 445-489.
47. VIOLA, G., MANCKTELOW, N. & MILLER, J.A. 2006. Cyclic frictional-viscous slip oscillations along the base of an advancing nappe complex: Insights into brittle-ductile nappe emplacement mechanisms from the Naukluft Nappe Complex, central Namibia. Tectonics, 25, TC3016, doi:10.1029/2005TC001939.
48. WARREN, J. 2000. Dolomite: occurrence, evolution and economically important associations. Earth-Science Reviews, 52, 1-81.
49. WEBER, K. & AHRENDT, H. 1983. Mechanisms of nappe emplacement at the southern margin of the Damara Orogen (Namibia). Tectonophysics, 92, 253-274.
50. WINTSCH, R.P., CHRISTOFFERSON, R. & KRONENBERG, A.K. 1995. Fluid-rock reaction weakening of fault zones. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 13021-13032.
51. YOSHIOKA, H., ASAHARA, Y., TOJO, B. & KAWAKAMI, S.-L. 2003. Systematic variations in C, O, and Sr isotopes and elemental concentrations in Neoproterozoic carbonates in Namibia: implications for a glacial to interglacial transition. Precambrian Research, 124, 69-85.