Cyclic frictional-viscous slip oscillations along the base of an advancing nappe complex: Insights into brittle-ductile nappe emplacement mechanisms from the Naukluft Nappe Complex, central Namibia

Tectonics

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2006, Pages

  Viola, Giulio ^a,b   Mancktelow, Neil S ^c   Miller, Jodie A ^d  

^a GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NORWAY   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^c GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Switzerland)

^d STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRITTLE DEFORMATION; DOLOMITE; DUCTILE DEFORMATION; EMPLACEMENT; FOLD AND THRUST BELT; NAPPE; TECTONIC EVOLUTION;

AFRICA; NAMIBIA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

EID: 33751368849     PISSN: 02787407     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2005TC001939     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Ahrendt, H., J. C. Hunziker, and K. Weber (1978), Age and degree of metamorphism and time of nappe emplacement along the southern margin of the Damara Orogen, South-West Africa (Namibia), Geol. Rundsch., 67, 719-742.
2. Badertscher, N. P., and M. Burkhard (2000), Brittle-ductile deformation in the Glarus thrust Lochseiten (LK) calc-mylonite, Terra Nova, 12, 281-288.
3. Behr, H. J., H. Ahrendt, A. Schmidt, and K. Weber (1981), Saline horizons acting as thrust planes along the southern margin of the Damara Orogen (Namibia/SW Africa), Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc., 9, 167-172.
4. Behr, H. J., H. Ahrendt, H. Porada, and K. Weber (1983), The Sole Dolomite at the base of the Naukluft Nappe Complex, Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., 11, 185-197.
5. Bertrand, M. (1884), Rapports de Structure des Alpes de Glaris et do bassin houiller do Nord, Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., Ser. 111, 12, 18-330.
6. Braathen, A., P. T. Osmundsen, and R. H. Gabrielsen (2004), Dynamic development of fault rocks in a crustal-scale detachment: An example from western Norway, Tectonics, 23, TC4010, doi:10.1029/2003TC001558.
7. Chapple, W. M. (1978), Mechanics of thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belts, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 89, 1189-1198.
8. Clark, C., and P. James (2003), Hydrothermat brecciation due to fluid pressure fluctuations: Examples from die Olary Domain, South Australia, Tectonophysics, 366, 187-206.
9. Clifford, T. N. (1967), The Damaran episode in the Upper Proterozoic - Lower Paleozoic structural history of southern Africa, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 92, 100 pp.
10. Coli, M., and F. Sani (1990), Vein distribution in a thrust zone: A case history from the northern Apennines, Italy, in Deformation Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics, edited by R. J. Knipe and E. H. Rutter, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 54, 475-482.
11. Conti, A., L. Turpin, R. Polino, M. Mattei, and G. M. Zuppi (2001), The relationship between evolution of fluid chemistry and the style of brittle deformation: Examples from the northern Apennines, Tectonophysics, 330, 103-117.
12. Coward, M. P. (1981), The junction between Pan African Mobile belts in Namibia: Its structural history, Tectonophysics, 76, 59-73.
13. Coward, M. P. (1983), The tectonic history of the Damara Belt, in Evolution of the Damara Orogen of South West Africa/Namibia, edited by R. M. Miller, Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. S. Afr, 11, 409-421.
14. Cox, S. F. (1995), Faulting processes at high fluid pressures: An example of fault valve behavior from the Wattle gully fault, Victoria, Australia, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 12,841-12,859.
15. De Kock, W. P. (1934), The geology of western Rebooth, Mem. S. W. Africa Dep. Mines, 5, 1-148.
16. Dipple, G. M., R. P. Wintsch, and M. S. Andrews (1990), Identification of the scales of differential element mobility in a ductile fault zone, J. Metamorph. Geol., 8, 645-661.
17. Escher van der Linth, A. (1841), Gebirgsprofil von St. Triphon, Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Abh., 20, 342-346.
18. Etheridge, M. A., V. J. Wall, and R. H. Vernon (1983), The role of the fluid phase during regional metamorphism and deformation, J. Metamorph. Geol., 1, 205-226.
19. Evans, J. P. (1990), Textures, deformation mechanisms and the role of fluids in the cataclastic deformation of granitic rocks, in Deformation Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics, edited by R. J. Knipe and E. H. Rutter, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 54, 29-39.
20. Evans, J. P., and F. M. Chester (1995), Fluid-rock interaction in faults of the San Andreas System: Inferences from San Gabriel fault rock geochemistry and microstructures, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 13,007-13,020.
21. Gresse, P. G., and G. J. B. Germs (1993), The Nama foreland basin: Sedimentation, major unconformity bounded sequences and multisided active margin advance, Precambrian Res., 63, 247-272.
22. Guermani, A., and G. Permacchioni (1998), Brittle precursors of plastic deformation in a granite: An example from the Mont Blanc Massif (Helvetic, western Alps), J. Struct. Geol., 20, 135-148.
23. Hartnady, C. J. H. (1978), The structural geology of the Naukluft Nappe Complex, South West Africa and its relationship to the Damara Orogenic Belt, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
24. Henderson, I. H. C., and A. M. McCaig (1996), Fluid pressure and salinity variations in shear zone-related veins, central Pyrenees, France: Implications for the fault-valve model, Tectonophysics, 262, 321-348.
25. Henry, P., and X. Le Pichon (1991), Fluid flow along a decollement layer: A model applied to the 16°N section of the Barbados accretionary wedge, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 6507-6528.
26. Hoffmann, K. H. (1989), New aspects of lithostratigraphic subdivision and correlation of late Proterozoic to early Cambrian rocks of the southern Damara Belt and their correlation with the central and northern Damara Belt and Gariep Belt, Commun. Geol. Surv. Namibia, 5, 59-67.
27. Hubbert, M. K., and W. W. Rubey (1959), Role of fluid pressure in mechanics of overthrust faulting, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 70, 115-166.
28. Kenis, I., P. H. Muchez, M. Sintubin, J. L. Mansy, and F. Lacquement (2000), The use of a combined structural, stable isotope and fluid inclusion study to constrain the kinematic history of northern Variscan front zone, J. Struct. Geol., 22, 589-602.
29. Kennedy, L. A., and J. M. Logan (1997), The role of veining and dissolution in the evolution of fine-grained mylonites: The McConnell thrust Alberta, J. Struct. Geol., 19, 785-797.
30. 16O relations, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 4331-4343
31. Korn, H., and H. Martin (1959), Gravity tectonics in the Naukluft Mountains of South West Africa, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 70, 1047-1078.
32. Kröner, A. (1977), Precambrian mobile belts of southern and eastern Africa; ancient sutures or sites of ensialic mobility? A case for crustal evolution towards plate tectonics, Tectonophysics, 40, 101-135.
33. Mancktelow, N. S., and G. Pennacchioni (2005), The control of precursor brittle fracture and fluid - rock interaction on the development of single and paired ductile shear zones, J. Struct. Geol., 27, 645-661.
34. Marquer, D., and M. Burkhard (1992), Fluid circulation, progressive deformation and mass-transfer processes in the upper crust: The example of basement cover relationships in the External Crystalline Massifs, Switzerland, J. Struct. Geol., 14, 1047-1057.
35. Martin, H. (1965), The Precambrian geology of South West Africa and Namaqualand, Bull. 2, 159 pp., Precambrian Res. Unit, Univ. of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
36. Martin, H. (1974), Damara rocks as nappes on the Naukluft Mountains, south west Africa, in Contributions to the Precambrian Geology of Southern Africa: A Volume in Honour of John de Villiers, edited by A. Kröner, Bull. 15, pp. 153-165, Precambrian Res. Unit, Univ. of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
37. Martin, H., and H. Porada (1977a), The intracratonic branch of the Damara Orogen in south west Africa; I, Discussion of geodynamic models, Precambrian Res., 5, 311-338.
38. Martin, H., and H. Porada (1977b), The intracratonic branch of the Damara Orogen in South West Africa; II, Discussion of relationships with the Pan-African mobile belt system, Precambrian Res., 5, 339-357.
39. Martin, H., H. Porada, and R. Wittig (1983a), The root zone of the Naukluft nappe complex: Geodynamic implications, in Intracontinental Fold Belts: Case Studies in the Variscan Belt of Europe and the Damara Belt in Namibia, edited by H. Martin and F. W. Eder, pp. 679-698, Springer, New York.
40. Martin, H., H. Porada, and R. Wittig (1983b), Where lies the root zone of the Naukluft nappe complex?, in Evolution of the Damara Orogen of South West Africa/Namibia, edited by R. M. Miller, Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., 11, 199-207.
41. McCaig, A. M. (1987), Deformation and fluid-rock interaction in metasomatic dilatant shear bands, Tectonophysics, 135, 121-132.
42. McCaig, A. M., D. M. Wayne, J. D. Marshall, D. Banks, and I. Henderson (1995), Isotopic and fluid inclusion studies of fluid movement along the Gavarnie Thrust, central Pyrenees: Reaction fronts in carbonate mylonites, Am. J. Sci., 295, 309-343.
43. McClay, K., and N. J. Price (Eds.) (1981), Thrust and Nappe Tectonics, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 9.
44. Meere, P. A., and D. A. Banks (1997), Upper crustal fluid migration: An example from the Variscides of SW Ireland, J. Geol. Soc. London, 154, 975-985.
45. Miller, R. M. (1983), The Pan-African Damara Orogen of south west Africa/ Namibia, in Evolution of the Damara Orogen of South West Africa/Namibia, edited by R. M. Miller, Spec. Publ. Geol Soc. S. Afr., 11, 431-515.
46. Münch, A. G. (1978a), Das Naukluft-Deckensystem (Südwestafrika) und seine Hauptbewegungszone (Gleitbahn), Ph.D. thesis, 232 pp., Univ. of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
47. Múnch, A. G. (1978b), Das Schmiermittel an der Basis der Naukluft Decke, Südwestafrika, Z. Dtsch. Geol. Ges., 129, 7-13.
48. Murphy, F. C. (1984), Fluidized breccias: A record of brittle transitions during ductile deformation, Tectonophysics, 104, 325-349.
49. Nguyen, P. T., S. F. Cox, L. B. Harris, and C. M. Powell (1998), Fault-valve behaviour in optimally oriented shear zones: An example at the Revenge gold mine, Kambalda, Western Australia, J. Struc. Geol., 20, 1625-1640.
50. Oliver, N. H. (1996), Review and classification of structural controls on fluid flow during regional metamorphism, J. Struct. Geol., 14, 477-492.
51. Porada, H., H. Ahrendt, H. J. Weber, and K. Weber (1983), The join of the coastal and intracontinental branches of the Damara Orogen, Namibia, south west Africa, in Intracontmental Fold Belts, edited by H. Martin and F. W. Eder, pp. 901-912, Springer, New York.
52. Price, R. A. (1988), The mechanical paradox of large overthrusts, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 100, 1898-1908.
53. Ramsay, J. G., and M. I. Huber (1987), The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology, vol. 2, Folds and Fractures, 700 pp., Elsevier, New York.
54. Robert, F., A. M. Boullier, and K. Firdaous (1995), Gold-quartz veins in metamorphic terranes and their bearing on the role of fluids in faulting, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 12,861-12,879.
55. Rowe, C. D., J. C. Moore, F. Meneghini, and A. W. McKeirnan (2005), Large-scale pseudotachylytes and fluidized cataclasites from an ancient subduction thrust fault, Geology, 33, 937-940.
56. Schalk, K. E. L. (1970), Some late Precambrian formations in central south west Africa, Ann. Geol. Surv. S. Afr., 8, 29-47.
57. Schmid, S. M. (1975), The Glarus overtbrust: Field evidence and mechanical model, Eclog. Geol. Helv., 88, 157-178.
58. Segall, P., and C. Simpson (1986), Nucleation of ductile shear zones on dilatant fractures, Geology, 14, 56-59.
59. Sibson, R. H. (1973), Interactions between temperature and pore fluid pressure duing earthquake faulting: A mechanism for partial or total stress relief, Nature Phys. Sci., 243, 66-68.
60. Sibson, R. H. (1989), Earthquake faulting as a structural process, J. Struct. Geol., 7, 1-14.
61. Sibson, R. H. (1992), Implications of fault valve behaviour for rupture nucleation and recurrence, Tectonophysics, 211, 283-293.
62. Sibson, R. H. (1993), Load-strengthening versus load-weakening faulting, J. Struct. Geol., 15, 123-128.
63. Simpson, C. (1985), Deformation of granitic rocks across the brittle-ductile transition, J. Struct. Geol., 7, 503-511.
64. Twiss, R. J., and E. M. Moores (1992), The mechanics of large overthrusts, in Structural Geology, pp. 206-313, W. H. Freeman, New York.
65. Viola, G., and N. S. Mancktelow (2005), From XY tracking to buckling: Axial plane cleavage fanning and folding during progressive deformation, J. Struct. Geol., 27, 409-417.
66. Weber, K., and H. Ahrendt (1983), Mechanisms of nappe emplacement at the southern margin of the Damara orogen (Namibia), Tectonophysics, 92, 253-274.