Impact Pressures and flow regimes in dense snow avalanches observed at the Vallée de la Sionne test site

Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface

Volumn 113, Issue 1, 2008, Pages

  Sovilla, Betty ^a   Schaer, M ^a   Kern, M ^a   Bartelt, P ^a  

^a WSL INSTITUTE FOR SNOW AND AVALANCHE RESEARCH SLF   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AVALANCHE; FLOW VELOCITY; FROUDE NUMBER; IMPACT; SNOW; SUPERCRITICAL FLOW;

CENTRAL EUROPE; EURASIA; EUROPE; SIONNE VALLEY; SWITZERLAND; VALAIS;

EID: 44449136913     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699011     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2006JF000688     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Albert, I., P. Tegzes, B. Kahng, R. Albert, J. G. Sample, M. Pfeifer, A.-L. Barabási, T. Vicsek, and P. Schiffer (2000), Jamming and fluctuations in granular drag, Phys. Rev. Lett., 84(22), 5122-5125.
2. Albert, R., M. A. Pfeifer, A.-L. Barabási, and P. Schiffer (1999) Slow drag in granular medium, Phys. Rev. Lett., 82(1), 205-208.
3. Ammann, W. J. (1999), A new Swiss test site for avalanche experiments in the Vallée de la Sionne/Valais, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 30, 3-11.
4. Bartelt, P., O. Buser, and M. Kern (2005), Dissipated work, stability and the internal flow structure of granular avalanches, J. Glaciol., 51(172), 1-14.
5. Bartelt, P., O. Buser, and K. Platzer (2006), Fluctuation-dissipation relations for granular snow avalanches, J. Glaciol., 52(179), 631-643.
6. Dent J. D., and T. E. Lang (1983), A biviscous modified Bingham model of snow avalanche motion, Ann. Glaciol., 4, 42-46.
7. Dent, J. D., K. J. Burrell, D. S. Schmidt M. Y. Louge, E. Adams, and T. G. Jazbutis (1998), Density, velocity and friction measurements in a dry snow avalanche, Ann. Glaciol., 26, 247-252.
8. GDR MiDi (2004), On dense granular flows, Eur. Phys. J. E., 14, 341-365.
9. Gubler, H., M. Hiller, G. Klausegger, and U. Suter (1986), Messungen an Fliesslawinen. Zwischenbericht 1986, Mitt. 41, Eidg. Inst. fuer Schneeund Lawinenforsch., Weissfluhjoch, Switzerland.
10. Issler, D. (1999), European avalanche test sites. Overview and analysis in view of coordinated experiments, Mitt. 59, Eidg. Inst. fuer Schnee- und Lawinenforsch., Davos, Switzerland.
11. Issler, D. (2003), Experimental information on the dynamics of dry-snow avalanches, in Dynamic Response of Granular and Porous Materials Under Large and Catastrophic Deformations, Lecture Notes Appl. Comput. Mech., vol. 11, edited by K. Hutter and N. Kirchner, pp. 109-160, Springer, Berlin.
12. Kern, M. (2000), Inverse grading in granular flow, Ph.D. thesis, Ecole Polytech. Fed. de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
13. Kern, M. A., F. Tiefenbacher, and J. N. McElwaine (2004), The rheology of snow in large chute flows, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 39, 181-192.
14. Liu, C.-H., S. R. Nagel, D. A. Schecter, S. N. Coppersmith, S. Majumdar, O. Narayan, and T. A. Witten (1995), Force fluctuations in bead packs, Science, 269, 513-515.
15. Louge, M. Y., and S. Keast (2001), On dense granular flows down flat frictional inclines, Phys. Fluids, 5(13), 1213-1233.
16. Louge, M. Y., R. Steiner, S. Keast R. Decker, J. Dent and M. Schneebeli (1997), Application of capacitance instrumentation to the measurement of density and velocity of flowing snow, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 25, 47-63.
17. McClung, D. M., and P. A. Schaerer (1985), Characteristics of flowing snow and avalanche impact pressures, Ann. Glaciol., 6, 9-14.
18. McElwaine, J. N., and B. Turnbull (2005), Air pressure data from the Vallée de la Sionne avalanches of 2004, J. Geophys. Res., 110, F03010, doi: 10.1029/2004JF000237.
19. Nishimura, K., and N. Maeno (1989), Contribution of viscous forces to avalanche dynamics, Ann. Glaciol., 13, 202-206.
20. Norem, H. (1990), Ryggfonn prosjektet; Forslag til beregning av dimensionerende snoskredlast mot mastekonstruktioner, Tech. Rep. 581200-16, Norw. Geotech. Inst., Oslo.
21. Norem, H., T. Kvisterøy, and B. D. Evensen (1985), Measurement of avalanche speeds and forces: Instrumentation and preliminary results of the Ryggfonn project, Ann. Glaciol., 6, 19-22.
22. Norem, H., F. Irgens, and B. Schieldrop (1987), A continuum model for calculating snow avalanche velocities, in Avalanche Formation, Movement and Effects: Proceedings of the Davos Symposium, September 1986, edited by B. Salm and H. Gubler, IAHS Publ., 162, 363-378.
23. Norem, H., F. Irgens, and B. Schieldrop (1989), Simulation of snow-avalanche flow in run-out zones, Ann. Glaciol., 13, 218-225.
24. Platzer, K., P. Bartelt, and M. Kern (2007), Measurements of dense snow avalanche basal shear to normal stress ratios (S/N), Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L07501, doi:10.1029/2006GL028670.
25. Salm, B., A. Burkard, and H. U. Gubler (1990), Berechnung von Fliesslawinen: Eine Anleitung fuer Praktiker mit Beispielen, Mitt. 47, Eidg. Inst. Schnee- und Lawinenforsch., Davos, Switzerland.
26. Savage, S. B., and K. Hutter (1989), The motion of a finite mass of granular material down a rough incline, J. Fluid Mech., 199, 177-215.
27. Savage, S. B., and K. Hutter (1991), The dynamics of avalanches of granular materials from initiation to run-out. part I. Analysis, Acta Mech., 86(1-4), 201-223.
28. Schaer, M., and D. Issler (2001), Particle densities, velocities and size distribution in large avalanches from impact-sensor measurements, Ann. Glaciol., 32, 321-327.
29. Schaerer, P. A., and A. A. Salway (1980), Seismic and impact-pressure monitoring of flowing avalanches, J. Glaciol., 26(94), 179-187.
30. Sovilla, B., and P. Bartelt (2002), Observations and modelling of snow avalanche entrainment, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 2, 169-179.
31. Sovilla, B., et al. (2004), Avalanche dynamics experimental site Vallé de la Sionne, Arbaz, Vallais, Rep. 753, Eidg. Inst. fuer Schnee- und Lawinenforsch., Davos, Switzerland.
32. Sovilla, B., P. Burlando, and P. Bartelt (2006), Field experiments and numerical modeling of mass entrainment in snow avalanches, J. Geophys. Res., 111, F03007, doi:10.1029/2005JF000391.
33. Sovilla, B., M. Schaer, and L. Rammer (2008), Measurements and analysis of full-scale avalanche impact pressure at the Vallée de la Sionne test site, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 51(2-3), 122-137, doi:10.1016/ j.coldregions.2007.05.006.
34. Tiefenbacher, F. (2003), Vom konstitutiven Verhalten fliessenden Schnees, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
35. Tiefenbacher, F., and M. A. Kern (2004), Experimental devices to determine snow avalanche basal friction and velocity profiles, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 38, 17-30.
36. Vallet, J., U. Gruber, and F. Dufour (2001), Photogrammetric avalanche volume measurements at Vallée de la Sionne, Switzerland, Ann. Glaciol., 32, 141-146.
37. Vallet, J., B. Turnbull, S. Joly, and F. Dufour (2004), Observations on powder snow avalanches using videogrammetry, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 39, 153-159.
38. Wassgren, C. R., J. A. Cordova, R. Zenit, and A. Karion (2003), Dilute granular flow around an immersed cylinder, Phys. Fluids, 15(11), 3318-3330.
39. Wieghardt, K. (1975), Experiments in granular flow, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 7, 89-114.