Hematite mining in the ancient Americas: Mina Primavera, A 2,000 year old Peruvian mine

JOM

Volumn 59, Issue 12, 2007, Pages 16-20

  Vaughn, Kevin J ^a   Linares, Moises Linares ^b   Eerkens, Jelmer W ^c   Edwards, Matthew J ^d  

^a PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Proyecto Nasca Temprano   (Peru)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EXTRACTION; HEMATITE; IRON; MINERALS; MINES; MINING; ORES; OXIDE MINERALS; PAINTING;

AVERAGE RATE; CENTRAL ANDES; PRIMAVERA (CO); SPANISH;

IRON ORES;

EID: 44449127370     PISSN: 10474838     EISSN: 15431851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-007-0145-x     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. P.T. Craddock, Early Metal Mining and Production (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995).
2. A. Hammel et al., "Pre-Colonial Mining in Southern Africa," Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 100 (299), pp. 49-56.
3. L.H. Robbins et al., "Intensive Mining of Specular Hematite in the Kalahari ca. A.D. 800-1000," Current Anthropology, 39 (1998), pp. 144-150.
4. R.A. Dart and P.B. Beaumont, "Evidence of Iron Ore Mining in Southern Africa in Middle Stone Age," Current Anthropology, 10 (1969), pp. 127-128.
5. H.N. Lechtman, The Coming of the Age of Iron, ed. T.A. Wertime and J.D. Muhly (New Haven, CT:Yale University Press, 1980), pp. 267-334.
6. D.A. Scott and W. D. Hyder, "A Study of Some Californian Indiah Rock Art Pigments," Studies in Conservation, 38 (1993), pp. 155-173.
7. J.M. Erlandson, J.D. Robertson, and C. Descantes, "Geochemical Analysis of Eight Red Ochres from Western North America," American Antiquity, 64 (1999), pp. 517-526.
8. M.D. Stafford et al., "Digging for the Color of Life: Paleoindian Red Ochre Mining at the Powars II Site, Platte County, Wyoming, USA," Geoarchaeology, 18 (2003), pp. 71-90.
9. G. Petersen, "Minería y Metalurgia en el Antiguo Perú," Arqueológicas, 12 (1970), pp. 1-140.
10. E.J.S. Phipps (Department of Art History, Columbia University, 1989).
11. D.A. Scott, D.A. Doughty, and C.B. Donnan, "Moche Wallpainting Pigments from La Mina, Jequetepeque, Peru," Studies in Conservation, 43 (1998), pp. 1T7-182.
12. K.J. Vaughn et al., Laser Ablation ICP-MS: A New Frontier in Archaeological Characterization Studies, ed. R.J. Speakman and H. Neff (Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 2005), pp. 138-154.
13. A. Paul, Paracas Ritual Attire: Symbols of Authority in Ancient Peru (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990).
14. D.A. Proulx, A Sourcebook of Nasca Ceramic Iconography (Iowa City, IA: Iowa University Press, 2006).
15. D. Menzel, "Style and Time in the Middle Horizon," Nawpa Pacha, 2 (1964), pp. 1-106.
16. K.B. Tankersley et al., "They Have a Rock that Bleeds: Sunrise Red Ochre and Its Early Paleoindian Occurrence at the Hell Gap Site, Wyoming," Plains Anthropologist, 40 (1995), pp. 185-194.
17. M. Glowacki, "Food of the Gods or Mere Mortals? Hallucinogenic Spondylus and Its Interpretive Implications for Early Andean Society," Antiquity, 79 (2005), pp. 257-268.
18. A.C. Paulsen, "The Thorny Oyster and the Voice of God: Spondylus and Strombus in Andean Prehistory," American Antiquity, 39 (1974), pp. 597-607.
19. J. Pillsbury, "The Thorny Oyster and the Origins of Empire: Implications of Recently Uncovered Spondylus Imagery from Chan Chan, Peru," Latin American Antiquity, 7 (1996), pp. 313-340.
20. P.J. Reimer et al., "IntCal04 Terrestrial Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 26-0 ka BP," Radiocarbon, 46 (2004), pp. 1029-1058.
21. J.W. Eerkens at al., "La Ballena: A Mining Base Camp in the Southern Nasca Region, Peru," Antiquity Project Gallery, 81 (314) (2007).
22. D.R. Fuller, "The Production of Copper in 6th Century Chile's Chuquicamata Mine," JOM, 56 (11) (2004), pp. 62-66.
23. J.B. Bird, Pre-Columbian Metallurgy of South America, ed. E.P. Benson (Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1979), pp. 105-132.
24. R.L. Burger and Mendieta Matos, "R. Atalla: A Center on the Perihery of the Chavín Horizon," Latin American Antiquity, 13 (2002), pp. 153-177.
25. G.D. Fester and J. Cruellas, "Colorantes de Paracas," Revista del Museo Nacional, 3 (1943), pp. 154-156.
26. H. Silverman, Cahuachi in the Ancient Nasca World (Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, 1993).
27. K.J. Vaughn, "Households, Crafts, and Feasting in the Ancient Andes: The Village Context of Early Nasca Craft Consumption," Latin American Antiquity, 15 (2004), pp. 61-88.
28. A.L. Kroeber and D. Collier, The Archaeology and Pottery of Nazca, Peru: Alfred L. Kroeber's 1926 Expedition, ed. P.H. Carmichael and the Field Museum of Natural History) (Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 1998).
29. M.E. Moseley et al., "Burning Down the Brewery: Establishing and Evacuating an Ancient Imperial Colony at Cerro Baúl, Peru," PNAS, 102 (2005), pp. 17264-17271.