Comment on 'The photosensitiser xanthurenic acid is not present in normal human lenses' by P.G. Hains et al. [Exp. Eye Res. 77 (2003) 547-553] (multiple letters)

Experimental Eye Research

Volumn 79, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 443-445

  Malina, Halina Z ^a,b   Hains, Peter ^c,d   Gao, Ling ^c   Truscott, Roger ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^b University Hospital Inselspital   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

3 HYDROXYKYNURENINE; GLUCOSIDE; INDOLEAMINE 2,3 DIOXYGENASE; PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENT; XANTHURENIC ACID;

AGING; CATARACTOGENESIS; CORNEA; DEAMINATION; HUMAN; LENS; LETTER; OXIDATION KINETICS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PHOTOSENSITIZATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

EID: 4444353143     PISSN: 00144835     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2004.06.003     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. J.A. Aquilina J.A. Carver R.J. Truscott Polypeptide modification and cross-linking by oxidized 3-hydroxykynurenine Biochemistry 39 2000 16176 16184
2. J.A. Aquilina R.J. Truscott Identifying sites of attachment of UV filters to proteins in older human lenses Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1596 2002 6 15
3. Y. Berry R.J. Truscott The presence of a human UV filter within the lens represents an oxidative stress Exp. Eye Res. 72 2001 411 421
4. P.H. Borger R. van Leeuwen C.A. Hulsman R.C. Wolfs D.A. van der Kuip A. Hofman P.T. de Jong Is there a direct association between age-related eye diseases and mortality? The Rotterdam Study Ophthalmology 110 2003 1292 1296
5. L.M. Bova M.H. Sweeney J.F. Jamie R.J. Truscott Major changes in human ocular UV protection with age Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 42 2001 200 205
6. L.M. Bova A.M. Wood J.F. Jamie R.J. Truscott UV filter compounds in human lenses: the origin of 4-(2-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid O-beta- d -glucoside Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 40 1999 3237 3244
7. B. Garner D.C. Shaw R.A. Lindner J.A. Carver R.J. Truscott Non-oxidative modification of lens crystallins by kynurenine: a novel post-translational protein modification with possible relevance to ageing and cataract Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1476 2000 265 278
8. B. Garner S. Vazquez R. Griffith R.A. Lindner J.A. Carver R.J. Truscott Identification of glutathionyl-3-hydroxykynurenine glucoside as a novel fluorophore associated with aging of the human lens J. Biol. Chem. 274 1999 20847 20854
9. P.G. Hains L. Gao R.J. Truscott The photosensitiser xanthurenic acid is not present in normal human lenses Exp. Eye Res. 77 2003 547 553
10. A. Hennis S.Y. Wu X. Li B. Nemesure M.C. Leske Lens opacities and mortality: the Barbados Eye Studies Ophthalmology 108 2001 498 504
11. B.D. Hood B. Garner R.J. Truscott Human lens coloration and aging. Evidence for crystallin modification by the major ultraviolet filter, 3-hydroxy-kynurenine O-beta- d -glucoside J. Biol. Chem. 274 1999 32547 32550
12. H.Z. Malina Xanthurenic acid provokes formation of unfolded proteins in endoplasmic reticulum of the lens epithelial cells Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 265 1999 600 605
13. H.Z. Malina B.E. Frueh Abnormal signalling of 14-3-3 proteins in cells with accumulated xanthurenic acid Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 310 2003 646 650
14. H.Z. Malina O.M. Hess Xanthurenic acid translocates proapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins into mitochondria and impairs mitochondrial function BMC Cell Biol. 5 2004 14
15. H.Z. Malina X.D. Martin Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in the aqueous humor, iris/ciliary body, and retina of the bovine eye Graefes Arch. Clin Exp. Ophthalmol. 231 1993 482 486
16. H.Z. Malina X.D. Martin Deamination of 3-hydroxykynurenine in bovine lenses: a possible mechanism of cataract formation in general Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 233 1995 38 44
17. H.Z. Malina X.D. Martin Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase: antioxidant enzyme in the human eye Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 234 1996 457 462
18. H.Z. Malina X.D. Martin Xanthurenic acid derivative formation in the lens is responsible for senile cataract in humans Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 234 1996 723 730
19. H. Malina C. Richter B. Frueh O.M. Hess Lens epithelial cell apoptosis and intracellular Ca2+ increase in the presence of xanthurenic acid BMC Ophthalmol. 2 2002 1
20. H.Z. Malina C. Richter M. Mehl O.M. Hess Pathological apoptosis by xanthurenic acid, a tryptophan metabolite: activation of cell caspases but not cytoskeleton breakdown BMC Physiol. 1 2001 7
21. S.T. Mayne Antioxidant nutrients and chronic disease: use of biomarkers of exposure and oxidative stress status in epidemiologic research J. Nutr. 133 2003 933S 940S
22. J.R. Moffett M.A. Namboodiri Tryptophan and the immune response Immunol. Cell Biol. 81 2003 247 265
23. A. Pirie Fluorescence of N′-formylkynurenine and of protein exposed to sunlight Biochem. J. 1972 203 208
24. S. Richer Nutritional influences on eye health Optometry 71 2000 657 666
25. O. Takikawa T. Littlejohn J.F. Jamie M.J. Walker R.J. Truscott Regulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, the first enzyme in UV filter biosynthesis in the human lens. Relevance for senile nuclear cataract Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 467 1999 241 245
26. L.M. Taylor J.A. Aquilina J.F. Jamie R.J. Truscott Glutathione and NADH, but not ascorbate, protect lens proteins from modification by UV filters Exp. Eye Res. 74 2002 503 511
27. L.M. Taylor J.A. Aquilina R.H. Willis J.F. Jamie R.J. Truscott Identification of a new human lens UV filter compound FEBS Lett. 509 2001 6 10
28. The Merck Index, An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals, 1996. 2nd Ed. Merck and Co., Inc. Whitehouse Station, NJ.
29. M.C. Tobes Kynurenine-oxoglutarate aminotransferase from rat kidney Methods Enzymol. 142 1987 217 224
30. T. Tokuyama S. Senoh T. Sakan K.S. Brown Jr. B. Witkop The photoreduction of kynurenic acid to kynurenine yellow and the occurrence of 3-hydroxy-l-kynurenine in butterflies J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89 1967 1017 1021
31. R.J. Truscott Human cataract: the mechanisms responsible; light and butterfly eyes Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 35 2003 1500 1504
32. R.J. Truscott R.C. Augusteyn Oxidative changes in human lens proteins during senile nuclear cataract formation Biochim. Biophys. Acta 492 1977 43 52
33. R. Van Heyningen Fluorescent glucoside in the human lens Nature 230 1971 393 394
34. S. Vazquez J.A. Aquilina J.F. Jamie M.M. Sheil R.J. Truscott Novel protein modification by kynurenine in human lenses J. Biol. Chem. 277 2002 4867 4873
35. S. Vazquez B. Garner M.M. Sheil R.J. Truscott Characterisation of the major autoxidation products of 3-hydroxykynurenine under physiological conditions Free Radic. Res. 32 2000 11 23
36. A.M. Wood R.J. Truscott UV filters in human lenses: tryptophan catabolism Exp. Eye Res. 56 1993 317 325