Compensatory growth and nitrogen balance in grower-finisher pigs

Journal of Animal Science

Volumn 82, Issue 9, 2004, Pages 2579-2587

  Fabian, J ^a,b   Chiba, L I ^a,c   Frobish, L T ^a   McElhenney, W H ^a   Kuhlers, D L ^a   Nadarajah, K ^a  

^a AUBURN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Babolna Feed Ltd   (Hungary)

^c 303C Ann S Upchurch Hall ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Compensatory growth; Dietary restrictions; Nitrogen balance; Pigs

Indexed keywords

GLYCINE MAX; SUS SCROFA; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 4444336744     PISSN: 00218812     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2527/2004.8292579x     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Adeola, O. 2001. Digestion and balance techniques in pigs. Pages 903-916 in Swine Nutrition. 2nd ed. A. J. Lewis and L. L. Southern, ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
2. AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., Arlington, VA.
3. Atinmo, T., C. Baldijao, W. G. Pond, and R. H. Barnes. 1976a. Immunoreactive growth hormone levels in pigs fed protein or energy restricted diets during the postweaning period. J. Nutr. 106:947-951.
4. Atinmo, T., C. Baldijao, W. G. Pond, and R. H. Barnes. 1976b. Plasma insulin levels in weaned pigs fed protein or energy restricted diets. J. Nutr. 106:1654-1658.
5. Atinmo, T., C. Baldijao, W. G. Pond, and R. H. Barnes. 1976c. Prenatal and postnatal protein malnutrition in pigs: effects on growth rate, serum protein and albumin. J. Anim. Sci. 43:606-612.
6. Berschauer, F., W. H. Close, and D. B. Stephens. 1983. The influence of protein: energy value of the ration and level of feed intake on the energy and nitrogen metabolism of the growing pig. 2. N metabolism at two environmental temperatures. Br. J. Nutr. 49:271-283.
7. Bikker, P., M. W. A. Verstegen, and R. G. Campbell. 1996. Performance and body composition of finishing gilts (45 to 85 kilograms) as affected by energy intake and nutrition in earlier life: II. Protein and lipid accretion in body components. J. Anim. Sci. 74:817-826.
8. Campbell, R. G., M. R. Taverner, D. M. Curic. 1985. The influence of feeding level on the protein requirement of pigs between 20 and 45 kg live weight. Anim. Prod. 40:489-496.
9. Canh, T. T., A. J. A. Aarnink, J. B. Schutte, A. Sutton, D. J. Langhout, and M. W. A. Verstegen. 1998. Dietary protein affects nitrogen excretion and ammonia emission from slurry of growing-finishing pigs. Livest. Prod. Sci. 56:181-191.
10. Chiba, L. I. 1994. Effects of dietary amino acid content between 20 and 50 and 50 and 100 kg live weight on the subsequent and overall growth performance of pigs. Livest. Prod. Sci. 39:213-221.
11. Chiba, L. I., 1995. Effects of nutritional history on the subsequent and overall growth performance and carcass traits of pigs. Livest. Prod. Sci. 41:151-161.
12. Chiba, L. I. 2000. Feeding systems for pigs. Pages 181-209 in Feeding Systems and Feed Evaluation Models. M. K. Theodorou and J. France, ed. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, U.K.
13. Chiba, L. I. 2001. Protein supplements. Pages 803-837 in Swine Nutrition. 2nd ed. A. J. Lewis and L. L. Southern, ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
14. Chiba, L. I., H. W. Ivey, K. A. Cummins, and B. E. Gamble. 1999. Growth performance and carcass traits of pigs subjected to marginal dietary restrictions during the grower phase. J. Anim. Sci. 77:1769-1776.
15. Chiba, L. I., D. L. Kuhlers, L. T. Frobish, S. B. Jungst, E. J. Huff-Lonergan, S. M. Lonergan, and K. A. Cummins. 2002. Effect of dietary restrictions on growth performance and carcass quality of pigs selected for lean growth efficiency. Livest. Prod. Sci. 74:93-102.
16. Chiba, L. I., A. J. Lewis, and E. R. Peo, Jr. 1991. Amino acid and energy interrelationships in pigs weighing 20 to 50 kilograms: 1. Rate and efficiency of weight gain. J. Anim. Sci. 69:694-707.
17. Cochran, W. G., and G. M. Cox. 1957. Experimental Designs. Wiley, New York.
18. Cole, D. J., J. E. Duckworth, and W. Holmes. 1967. Factors affecting voluntary feed intake in pigs. I. The effect of digestible energy content of the diet on the intake of castrated male pigs housed in holding pens and in metabolism crates. Anim. Prod. 9:141-148.
19. Eggum, B. O. 1970. Blood urea measurement as a technique for assessing protein quality. Br. J. Nutr. 24:983-988.
20. Fabian, J., L. I. Chiba, D. L. Kuhlers, L. T. Frobish, K. Nadarajah, C. R. Kerth, W. H. McElhenney, and A. J. Lewis. 2002. Degree of amino acid restrictions during the grower phase and compensatory growth in pigs selected for lean growth efficiency. J. Anim. Sci. 80:2610-2618.
21. Fuller, M. F. 1983. Energy and nitrogen balances in young pigs maintained at constant weight with diets of differing protein content. J. Nutr. 113:15-20.
22. Heo, K., J. Odle, I. K. Han, W. Cho, S. Seo, E. van. Heugten, and D. H. Pilkington. 2000. Dietary L-carnitine improves nitrogen utilization in growing pigs fed low energy, fat-containing diets. J. Nutr. 130:1809-1814.
23. Kornegay, E. T., and M. W. A. Verstegen. 2001. Swine nutrition and environmental pollution and odor control. Pages 609-630 in Swine Nutrition. 2nd ed. A. J. Lewis and L. L. Southern, ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
24. NPPC. 1991. Procedures to Evaluate Market Hogs. Natl. Pork Prod. Council., Des Moines, IA.
25. NRC. 1998. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 10th ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
26. Pond, W. G., and J. T. Yen. 1984. Effect of protein deficiency on growth and plasma zinc concentration in genetically lean and obese swine. J. Anim. Sci. 59:710-716.
27. Pond, W. G., J. T. Yen, and R. N. Lindvall. 1980. Early protein deficiency: effects on later growth and carcass composition of lean or obese swine. J. Nutr. 110:2506-2513.
28. Prince, T. J., S. B. Jungst, D. L Kuhlers. 1983. Compensatory responses to short-term feed restriction during the growing period in swine. J. Anim. Sci. 56:846-852.
29. Quiniou, N., S. Dubois, and J. Noblet. 1995. Effect of dietary crude protein level on protein and energy balances in growing pigs: Comparison of two measurement methods. Livest. Prod. Sci. 41:51-61.
30. Ratcliffe, B., V. R. Fowler. 1980. The effect of low birth weight and early undernutrition on subsequent development in pigs. Anim. Prod. 30:470. (Abstr.)
31. Tullis, J. B., C. T. Whittemore, and P. Phillips. 1986. Compensatory nitrogen retention in growing pigs following a period of N deprivation. Br. J. Nutr. 56:259-267.
32. Valaja, J., T. Alaviuhkola, K. Suomi, and I. Immonen. 1992. Compensatory growth after feed restriction during the rearing period in pigs. Agric. Sci. Finland 1:15-20.
33. Vaughan, O. W., L. J. Filer, and H. Churella. 1962. Influence of prior dietary protein levels on resistance to stress of protein depletion. Pediatrics 29:90-96.
34. Whittemore, C. T., J. B. Tullis, and S. W. Hastle. 1978. Efficiency of use of nitrogen from dried microbial cells after a period of N deprivation in growing pigs. Br. J. Nutr. 39:193-200.
35. Wykes, L. J., M. Fiorotto, D. G. Burrin, M. del Rosario, M. E. Frazer, W. G. Pond, and F. Jahoor. 1996. Chronic low protein intake reduces tissue protein synthesis in a pig model of protein malnutrition. J. Nutr. 126:1481-1488.
36. Zimmerman, D. R., and S. Khajarern. 1973. Starter protein nutrition and compensatory responses in swine. J. Anim. Sci. 36:189-194.