Development of a screening method for the most commonly abused anticholinergic drugs in Jordan; Trihexyphenidyl, procyclidine and biperiden

Legal Medicine

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 233-241

  Hadidi, Kamal A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF JORDAN   (Jordan)

Author keywords

Analysis; Biperiden; Drugs of abuse; Jordan; Legal medicine; Procyclidine; Trihexyphenidyl

Indexed keywords

BIPERIDEN; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; PROCYCLIDINE; TRIHEXYPHENIDYL;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; DRUG ABUSE; DRUG MONITORING; DRUG RETENTION; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; ION MONITORING; JORDAN; MALE; MASS SPECTROMETRY; SCREENING TEST; SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION; URINALYSIS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BIPERIDEN; FORENSIC MEDICINE; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; HUMANS; JORDAN; MALE; MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS; PROCYCLIDINE; SUBSTANCE ABUSE DETECTION; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; TRIHEXYPHENIDYL;

EID: 4444322490     PISSN: 13446223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2004.06.001     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Hulse G.K., English D.R., Milne E., Holman C.D. The quantification of mortality resulting from the regular use of illicit opiates. Addiction. 94:1999;221-229
2. Zhou Y., Li X. Demographic characteristic and illegal drug use patterns among attendees of drug cessation programs in China. Subst Use Misuse. 34:1999;907-920
3. Tracqui A., Kintz P., Ludes B. Buprenorphine-related deaths among drug addicts in France: a report on 20 fatalities. J Anal Toxicol. 22:1998;430-434
4. Hall W., Darke S. Trends in opiate overdose deaths in Australia 1979-1995. Drug Alcohol Depend. 52:1998;71-77
5. Peters A.D., Reid M.M. Methadone treatment in the Scottish context: outcomes of a community-based service for drug users in Lothian. Drug Alcohol Depend. 50:1998;47-55
6. Mattoo S.K., Basu D., Sharma A., Balaji M., Malhotra A. Abuse of codeine-containing cough syrups: a report from India. Addiction. 92:1997;1783-1787
7. Hansen A.C., Kristensen I.B., Dragsholt C. Prevalence of cannabinoids in urine samples from forensic autopsies. Med Sci Law. 39:1999;228-232
8. Tang C.S., Wong C.S. Marijuana and heroin use in Hong Kong adolescents. Subst Use Misuse. 31:1996;115-125
9. Shaw K.P. Human methamphetamine-related fatalities in Taiwan during 1991-1996. J Forensic Sci. (44):1999;27-31
10. Robson P., Bruce M. A comparison of visible and invisible users of amphetamine, cocaine and heroin: two distinct populations? Addiction. 92:1997;1729-1736
11. McKetin R., Mattick R.P. Attention and memory in illicit amphetamine users. Drug Alcohol Depend. 48:1997;235-242
12. Peters A., Davies T., Richardson A. Increasing popularity of injection as the route of administration of amphetamine in Edinburgh. Drug Alcohol Depend. 48:1997;227-234
13. Dunn J., Laranjeira R. Cocaine - profiles, drug histories, and patterns of use of patients form Brazil. Subst Use Misuse. 34:1999;1527-1548
14. Preston K.L., Goldberger B.A., Cone E.J. Occurrence of cocaine in urine of substance-abuse treatment patients. J Anal Toxicol. 22:1998;580-586
15. Poulin C., Fralick P., Whynot E.M., el-Guebaly N., Kennedy D., Bernstein J., Boivin D., Rinehart J. The epidemiology of cocaine and opiate abuse in urban Canada. Can J Public Health. 89:1998;234-238
16. Torrens M., San L., Peri J.M., Olle J.M. Cocaine abuse among heroin addicts in Spain. Drug Alcohol Depend. 27:(1):1991;29-34
17. Hadidi K.A. Solid phase extraction of benzhexol from blood and urine. Sci Justice. 37:(4):1997;265-268
18. Al-Nsour T.S., Hadidi K.A. Investigating the presence of a common drug of abuse (benzhexol) in hair; the Jordanian experience. J Clin Forensic Med. 9:2002;119-125
19. Reynold J.E.F. Martindale. The extra pharmacopeia. 1993;P421 The Pharmaceutical Press, London
20. Crabtree B.L. Pharmacotherapy. Dipiro J.T., Talbert R.T., Hayes P.E., Ye G.C., Posey L.M. A pathophysiology approach. 1989;697-713 Elsevier, New York
21. Fench J., Khoosal D. Procyclidine abuse. Br J Psychiatry. 149:1986;524
22. Mc Gucken R.B., Caldwell J., Anthon B. Teenage procyclidine abuse. Lancet. 1:(8444):1985;1514
23. Pullen G.P., Best N.R., Maguire J. Anticholinergic drug abuse: a common problem? Br Med J. 289:1984;612-613
24. Cranshow J.A., Mullen P.E. A study of benzhexol abuse. Br J Psychiatry. 145:1984;300-303
25. Goggin D.A., Solomon G.F. Trihexyphenidyl abuse for euphorigenic effect. Am J Psychiatry. 136:1979;459-460
26. Ananth J.V., Granshaw J.A. Toxic psychosis induced by benzhexol hydrochloride. Can Med Assoc J. 103:1970;771
27. Gall J.A., Drummer O.H., Landgren A.J. Death due to benzhexol toxicity. Forensic Sci Int. 71:1995;9-14
28. Romano G., Di Bono G. Fatality involving clothiapine and clomipramine. J Forensic Sci. 39:1994;877-882
29. Gjerden P., Engelstad K.S., Pettersen G., Slordal L. Fatalities caused by anticholinergic antiparkinsonian drugs. Analysis of finding in a 11-years national material. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 118:1998;42-44
30. Holeman J.A., Danielson N.D. Microbore liquid chromatography of tertiary amine anticholinergic pharmaceutical with tris(2,2′-bipyridine) ruthenium(III) chemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr Sci. 33:1995;297-302
31. Owen J.A., Sribney M., Lawson J.S., Delva N., Letemendia F.J. Capillary gas chromatography of trihexyphenidyl, procyclidine and cycrimine in biological fluids. J Chromatogr. 494:1989;135-142
32. Dean K., Land D., Bye A. Analysis of Procyclidine in human plasma and urine by gas liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr. 221:1980;408-413
33. Capka V., Xu Y. Simultaneous determination of enantiomers of structurally related anticholinergic analogs in human serum by liquid chromatography- electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with on-line sample cleanup. J Chromatogr. 762:2001;181-192
34. Moffat A.C., Jackson J.V., Moss M.S., Widdop B. Clarke's isolation and identification of drugs in pharmaceutical, body fluids and Post-Mortem materials. 2nd ed.:1986;The Pharmaceutical Press, London
35. Hallomann M., Broode E., Greger G., Muller-Peltzer H., Wetzelberger N. Biperiden effects and plasma levels in volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 27:1984;619-621
36. Whiteman P.D., Fowle A.S., Hamilton M.J., Peck A.W., Bye A., Dean K., Websrer A. Pharmacokinetics and phramacodynamics of procyclidine in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 28:1985;73-78
37. Desage M., Rousseau-Tsangaris M. Quantitation of trihexyphenidyl from plasma using mass-selective detector and electron-impact ionization. J Chromatogr. 571:1991;250-256