Retroactive effects of irrelevant speech on serial recall from short-term memory

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition

Volumn 30, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 1093-1105

  Norris, Dennis ^a   Baddeley, Alan D ^b   Page, Michael P A ^c  

^a MRC COGNITION AND BRAIN SCIENCES UNIT   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF YORK   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HERTFORDSHIRE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; HUMAN; PHONETICS; RECALL; SHORT TERM MEMORY; SOUND; SPEECH PERCEPTION; TIME; VISION;

CUES; HUMANS; MEMORY, SHORT-TERM; MENTAL RECALL; PHONETICS; SOUND; SPEECH PERCEPTION; TIME FACTORS; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 4444308336     PISSN: 02787393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.30.5.1093     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Baddeley, A. D. (1968). How does acoustic similarity influence short-term memory? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20, 249-263.
2. Baddeley, A. D. (1986). Working memory. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
3. Baddeley, A. D. (2000a). The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 417-423.
4. Baddeley, A. D. (2000b). The phonological loop and the irrelevant speech effect: Some comments on Neath. Psychological Bulletin and Review, 7, 544-549.
5. Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. J. (1974). Working memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 8, pp. 47-89). New York: Academic Press.
6. Baddeley, A. D., & Scott, D. (1971). Short-term forgetting in the absence of proactive interference. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 23, 275-283.
7. Beaman, C. P., & Jones, D. M. (1997). Role of serial order in the irrelevant speech effect: Tests of the changing-state hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 459-471.
8. Beaman, C. P., & Jones, D. M. (1998). Irrelevant sound disrupts order information in free recall as in serial recall. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51A, 615-636.
9. Bjork, E. L., & Healy, A. F. (1974). Short-term order and item retention. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13, 80-97.
10. Bridges, A. M., & Jones, D. M. (1996). Word-dose in the disruption of serial recall by irrelevant speech: Phonological confusions or changing state? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 49, 919-939.
11. Buchner, A., Irmen, L., & Erdfelder, E. (1996). On the irrelevance of semantic information for the "irrelevant speech" effect. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 49A, 765-779.
12. Colle, H. A. (1980). Auditory encoding in visual short-term recall: Effects of noise intensity and spatial location. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19, 722-755.
13. Colle, H. A., & Welsh, A. (1976). Acoustic masking in primary memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 15, 17-31.
14. Conrad, R. (1967). Interference or decay over short retention intervals? Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 6, 49-54.
15. Cowan, N. (1995). Attention and memory: An integrated framework. Oxford Psychology Series 26. New York: Oxford University Press.
16. Ellermeier, W., & Hellbrück, J. (1998). Is level irrelevant in "irrelevant speech"? Effects of loudness, signal-to-noise ratio, and binaural unmasking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 1406-1414.
17. Elliott, E. M. (2002). The irrelevant-speech effect and children: Theoretical implications of developmental change. Memory & Cognition, 30, 478-487.
18. Estes, W. K. (1973). Phonemic coding and rehearsal in short-term memory for letter strings. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 12, 360-372.
19. Glenberg, A. M. (1987). Temporal context and memory. In D. S. Gorfein & R. R. Hoffman (Eds.), Memory and learning: The Ebbinghaus centennial conference (pp. 173-179). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
20. Glenberg, A. M., & Swanson, N. C. (1986). A temporal distinctiveness theory of recency and modality effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12, 3-24.
21. Hanley, J. R. (1997). Does articulatory suppression remove the irrelevant speech effect? Memory, 5, 423-431.
22. Hanley, J. R., & Bakopoulou, E. (2003). Irrelevant speech, articulatory suppression and phonological similarity: A test of the phonological loop model and the feature model. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 10, 435-444.
23. Hanley, J. R., & Broadbent, C. (1987). The effects of unattended speech on serial recall following auditory presentation. British Journal of Psychology, 78, 287-297.
24. Henson, R. N. A., Norris, D. G., Page, M. P. A., & Baddeley, A. D. (1996). Unchained memory: Error patterns rule out chaining models of immediate serial recall. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 49A, 80-115.
25. Houston, J. P. (1965). Short-term retention of verbal units with equated degrees of learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70, 75-78.
26. Jones, D. M. (1993). Objects, streams, and threads of auditory attention. In A. D. Baddeley & L. Weiskrantz (Eds.), Attention: Selection, awareness and control (pp. 87-104). Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
27. Jones, D. M., Farrand, P., Stuart, G., & Morris, N. (1995). Functional equivalence of verbal and spatial information in serial short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 1008-1018.
28. Jones, D. M., & Macken, W. J. (1993). Irrelevant tones produce an irrelevant speech effect: Implications for phonological coding in working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19, 369-381.
29. Jones, D. M., & Macken, W. J. (1995). Phonological similarity in the irrelevant speech effect. Within- or between-stream similarity? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 103-133.
30. Jones, D., Madden, C., & Miles, C. (1992). Privileged access by irrelevant speech to short-term memory: The role of changing state. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 44A, 645-669.
31. Klatte, M., Kilcher, H., & Hellbrück, J. (1995). Wirkungen der zeitlichen Struktur von Hintergrundschall auf das Arbeitsgedächtnis und ihre theoretischen und praktischen Implikationen [Effects of the temporal structure of background sound on working memory and their theoretical and practical implications]. Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie, 42, 517-544.
32. Larsen, J. D., & Baddeley, A. D. (2003). Disruption of verbal STM by irrelevant speech, articulatory suppression and manual tapping: Do they have a common source? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 56A, 1249-1268.
33. Larsen, J. D., Baddeley, A. D., & Andrade, J. (2000). Phonological similarity and the irrelevant speech effect: Implications for models of short-term verbal memory. Memory, 8, 145-158.
34. LeCompte, D. C. (1996). Irrelevant speech, serial rehearsal, and temporal distinctiveness: A new approach to the irrelevant speech effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 1154-1165.
35. LeCompte, D. C., & Shaibe, D. M. (1997). On the irrelevance of phonological similarity to the irrelevant speech effect. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50A, 100-118.
36. Luce, P. A., Feustel, T. C., & Pisoni, D. B. (1983). Capacity demands in short-term memory for synthetic speech. Human Factors, 25, 17-32.
37. Macken, W. J., & Jones, D. M. (1995). Functional characteristics of the inner voice and inner ear: Single or double agency? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 436-448.
38. Macken, W. J., Mosdell, N., & Jones, D. M. (1999). Explaining the irrelevant-sound effect: Temporal distinctiveness or changing state? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 25, 810-814.
39. Miles, C., Jones, D. M., & Madden, C. A. (1991). Locus of the irrelevant speech effect in short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 81, 111-121.
40. Muter, P. (1980). Very rapid forgetting. Memory & Cognition, 8, 174-179.
41. Nairne, J. S. (1990). A feature model of immediate memory. Memory & Cognition, 18(3), 251-269.
42. Nairne, J. S., & Kelley, M. R. (1999). Reversing the phonological similarity effect. Memory & Cognition, 27, 45-53.
43. Neath, I. (2000). Modeling the effects of irrelevant speech on memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 7, 403-423.
44. Page, M., & Norris, D. (1998). The primacy model. A new model of immediate serial recall. Psychological Review, 105, 761-768.
45. Page, M., & Norris, D. (2003). The irrelevant sound effect: What needs modelling, and a tentative model. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 56A, 1289-1300.
46. Peterson, L. R., & Johnson, S. T. (1971). Some effects of minimizing articulation on short-term retention. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 10, 346-354.
47. Posner, M. I., & Rossman, E. (1965). Effect of size and location of informational transforms upon short-term retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70, 496-505.
48. Rabbitt, P. M. (1968). Channel-capacity, intelligibility and immediate memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20, 241-248.
49. Salamé, P., & Baddeley, A. D. (1982). Disruption of short-term memory by unattended speech: Implications for the structure of working memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 21, 150-164.
50. Salamé, P., & Baddeley, A. D. (1986). Phonological factors in STM: Similarity and the unattended speech effect. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 24, 263-265.
51. Salamé, P., & Baddeley, A. D. (1987). Noise, unattended speech and short-term memory. Ergonomics, 30, 1185-1194.
52. Salamé, P., & Baddeley, A. D. (1989). Effects of background music on phonological short-term memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 41A, 107-122.
53. Surprenant, A. M., LeCompte, D. C., & Neath, I. (2000). Manipulations of irrelevant information: Suffix effects with articulatory suppression and irrelevant speech. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53A, 325-348.
54. Tehan, G., Hendry, L., & Kocinski, D. (2001). Word length and phonological similarity effects in simple, complex, and delayed serial-recall tasks: Implications for working memory. Memory, 9, 333-348.
55. Tehan, G., & Humphreys, M. S. (1995). Transient phonemic codes and immunity to proactive interference. Memory & Cognition, 23, 181-191.