Angry men and disgusted women: An evolutionary approach to the influence of emotions on risk taking

Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

Volumn 95, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 107-123

  Fessler, Daniel M T ^a   Pillsworth, Elizabeth G ^a   Flamson, Thomas J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Anger; Decision making; Disgust; Emotions; Evolutionary psychology; Risk taking

Indexed keywords

EID: 4444256386     PISSN: 07495978     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2004.06.006     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. R.D. Alexander J.L. Hoogland R.D. Howard K.M. Noonan P.W. Sherman Sexual dimorphism and breeding systems in pinnipeds, ungulates, primates and humans in: N.A. Chagnon W. Irons eds. Evolutionary biology and human social behavior: An anthropological perspective 1979 Duxbury Press North Scituate, MA 402-435
2. H.R. Arkes L.T. Herren A.M. Isen The role of potential loss in the influence of affect on risk-taking behavior Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 42 1988 181-193
3. R.F. Baumeister T.F. Heatherton D.M. Tice When ego threats lead to self-regulation failure: Negative consequences of high self-esteem Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 64 1993 141-156
4. Bosman, R., & van Winden, F. (2001). Anticipated and experienced emotions in an investment experiment. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper #TI 2001-058/1. Electronic document, available http://www.tinbergen.nl, accessed 7/5/03
5. L.R. Brody G.S. Lovas D.H. Hay Gender differences in anger and fear as a function of situational context Sex Roles 32 1995 47-78
6. D.M. Buss Conflict between the sexes: Strategic interference and the evocation of anger and upset Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56 1989 735-747
7. D.M. Buss R.J. Larsen D. Westen J. Semmelroth Sex differences in jealousy: Evolution, physiology, and psychology Psychological Science 3 1992 251-255
8. J.P. Byrnes D.C. Miller W.D. Schafer Gender differences in risk taking: A meta-analysis Psychological Bulletin 125 1999 367-383
9. A. Campbell A mind of her own: The evolutionary psychology of women 2002 Oxford University Press New York
10. L.C. Charland Appreciation and emotion: Theoretical reflections on the MacArthur treatment competence study Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 8 1998 359-376
11. G.L. Clore K. Gasper E. Garvin Affect as information J.P. Forgas Handbook of affect and social cognition 2001 Erlbaum Mahwah, NJ 121-144
12. L. Cosmides J. Tooby Evolutionary psychology and the emotions in: M. Lewis J.M. Haviland-Jones eds. Handbook of emotions 2nd ed. 2000 Guilford Press New York 91-115
13. V. Curtis R. Aunger T. Rabie Evidence that disgust evolved to protect from risk of disease Proceedings of the Royal Society London B 271 2004 S131-S133
14. V. Curtis A. Biran Dirt, disgust, and disease: Is hygiene in our genes? Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 44 2001 17-31
15. M. Daly M. Wilson Homicide 1988 A. de Gruyter New York
16. M. Daly M. Wilson Killing the competition: Female/female and male/male homicide Human Nature 1 1990 81-107
17. A.R. Damasio Descartes' error: Emotion, reason, and the human brain 1994 Putnam New York
18. D. DeSteno R.E. Petty D.T. Wegener D.D. Rucker Beyond valence in the perception of likelihood: The role of emotion specificity Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78 2000 397-416
19. C.C. Eckel P.J. Grossman Sex differences and statistical stereotyping in attitudes toward financial risk Evolution and Human Behavior 23 2002 281-295
20. D.C. Edwards Motivation and emotion: Evolutionary, physiological, cognitive, and social influences 1999 Sage Thousand Oaks, CA
21. J. Elster Emotions and economic theory Journal of Economic Literature 36 1998 47-74
22. R.B. Felson Anger, aggression, and violence in love triangles Violence and Victims 12 1997 345-362
23. D.M.T. Fessler Emotions and cost/benefit assessment: The role of shame and self-esteem in risk taking in: R. Selten G. Gigerenzer eds. Bounded rationality: The adaptive toolbox 2001 MIT University Press Cambridge, MA 191-214
24. D.M.T. Fessler Luteal phase immunosuppression and meat eating Rivista di Biologia/Biology Forum 94 2001 407-430
25. D.M.T. Fessler Reproductive immunosuppression and diet: An evolutionary perspective on pregnancy sickness and meat consumption Current Anthropology 43 2002 19-39 See also pp. 48-61
26. D.M.T. Fessler C.D. Navarrete Meat is good to taboo: Dietary proscriptions as a product of the interaction of psychological mechanisms and social processes Journal of Cognition and Culture 3 2003 1-40
27. D. Fetchenhauer P.A. Rohde Evolutionary personality psychology and victimology: Sex differences in risk attitudes and short-term orientation and their relation to sex differences in victimizations Evolution and Human Behavior 23 2002 233-244
28. A.H. Fischer A.S.R. Manstead The relation between gender and emotion in different cultures in: A.H. Fischer eds. Gender and emotion: Social psychological perspectives. Studies in emotion and social interaction. Second series 2000 Cambridge University Press New York 71-94
29. I. Folstad A.K. Karter Parasites, bright males and the immunocompetence handicap American Naturalist 139 1992 603-622
30. R.H. Frank Passions within reason: The strategic role of the emotions 1988 W.W. Norton New York
31. N.H. Frijda The emotions 1986 Cambridge University Press New York
32. N.H. Frijda Emotions are functional, most of the time in: P. Ekman R.J. Davidson eds. The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions 1994 Oxford University Press Oxford 112-122
33. K. Gasper G.L. Clore Do you have to pay attention to your feelings to be influenced by them? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26 2000 698-711
34. M.P. Ghiglieri The dark side of man: Tracing the origins of male violence 1999 Perseus Books Reading, MA
35. G. Gigerenzer U. Hoffrage How to improve Bayesian reasoning without instruction: Frequency formats Psychological Review 102 1995 684-704
36. W.M. Goldstein E.U. Weber Content and discontent: Indications and implications of domain specificity in preferential decision making in: W.M. Goldstein R.M. Hogarth eds. Research on judgment and decision making: Currents, connections, and controversies. Cambridge series on judgment and decision making 1997 Cambridge University Press New York 566-617
37. J. Haidt C. McCauley P. Rozin Individual differences in sensitivity to disgust: A scale sampling seven domains of disgust elicitors Personality and Individual Differences 16 1994 701-713
38. J. Henrich R. McElreath Are peasants risk averse decision-makers? Current Anthropology 43 2002 172-181
39. J. Hirshleifer On emotions as guarantors of threats and promises in: J. Dupre eds. The latest on the best: Essays on evolution and optimality 1987 MIT Press Cambridge, MA 307-326
40. G.R.J. Hockey A.J. Maule P.J. Clough L. Bdzola Effects of negative mood states on risk in everyday decision making Cognition and Emotion 14 2000 823-856
41. C. Holden R. Mace Sexual dimorphism in stature and women's work: A phylogenetic cross-cultural analysis American Journal of Physical Anthropology 110 1999 27-45
42. A.M. Isen N. Geva The influence of positive affect on acceptable level of risk: The person with a large canoe has a large worry Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 39 1987 145-154
43. A.M. Isen T.E. Nygren F.G. Ashby Influence of positive affect on the subjective utility of gains and losses: It is just not worth the risk Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 55 1988 710-717
44. A.M. Isen R. Patrick The effect of positive feelings on risk taking: When the chips are down Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 31 1983 194-202
45. V.S. Johnston Why we feel: The science of human emotions 1999 Perseus Books Reading, MA
46. E.J. Johnson A. Tversky Affect, generalization, and the perception of risk Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 45 1983 20 -31
47. Johnson, J. G., Wilke, A., & Weber, E. U. (n.d.). Beyond a trait view of ris k-taking: A domain-specific scale measuring risk perceptions, expect ed benefits, and perceived-risk attitude in german-speaking populations. Unpublished manuscript
48. D. Kahneman J. Knetsch R. Thaler The endowment effect, loss aversion, and status quo bias Journal of Economic Perspectives 5 1991 193-206
49. J. Katz How emotions work 1999 University of Chicago Press Chicago
50. D. Keltner B.N. Buswell Embarrassment: Its distinct form and appeasement functions Psychological Bulletin 122 1997 250-270
51. T. Ketelaar G.L. Clore Emotions and reason: The proximate effects and ultimate functions of emotions in: G. Matthews ed. Personality, emotion, and cognitive science 1997 Elsevier Amsterdam 355-396
52. L.A. Kirkpatrick C.E. Waugh A. Valencia G.D. Webster The functional domain specificity of self-esteem and the differential prediction of aggression Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82 2002 756-767
53. A.M. Kring Gender and anger in: A.H. Fischer ed. Gender and emotion: Social psychological perspectives. Studies in emotion and social interaction. Second series 2000 Cambridge University Press New York 211-231
54. A.M. Kring A.H. Gordon Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience, and physiology Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 1998 686-703
55. R.S. Lazarus Emotion and adaptation 1991 Oxford University Press New York
56. M.R. Leary J.L. Landel K.M. Patton The motivated expression of embarassment following a self-presentational predicament Journal of Personality 64 1996 619-636
57. K.P. Leith R.F. Baumeister Why do bad moods increase self-defeating behavior? Emotion, risk tasking, and self-regulation Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71 1996 1250-1267
58. J.S. Lerner R.M. Gonzalez D.A. Small B. Fischhoff Effects of fear and anger on perceived risks of terrorism: A national field experiment Psychological Science 14 2003 144-150
59. J.S. Lerner D. Keltner Beyond valence: Toward a model of emotion-specific influences on judgement and choice Cognition and Emotion. Special Issue: Emotion, cognition, and decision making 14 2000 473-493
60. J.S. Lerner D. Keltner Fear, anger, and risk Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81 2001 146-159
61. R.W. Levenson The intrapersonal functions of emotion Cognition and Emotion. Special issue: Functional accounts of emotion 13 1999 481-504
62. G. Loewenstein Emotions in economic theory and economic behavior American Economic Review 90 2000 426-432
63. G. Loewenstein J.S. Lerner The role of affect in decision making in: R. Davidson K. Scherer H. Goldsmith eds. Handbook of affective science 2002 Oxford University Press New York 619-642
64. G.F. Loewenstein E.U. Weber C.K. Hsee N. Welch Risk as feelings Psychological Bulletin 127 2001 267-286
65. H. Mano Judgments under distress: Assessing the role of unpleasantness and arousal in judgment formation Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 52 1992 216-245
66. M.T. McGuire A. Troisi Anger: An evolutionary view in: R. Plutchik H. Kellerman eds. Emotion, psychopathology, and psychotherapy Vol. 5 1990 Academic Press San Diego, CA 43-57
67. B.A. Mellers A.P. McGraw Anticipated emotions as guides to choice Current Directions in Psychological Science 10 2001 210-214
68. B. Mellers A. Schwartz I. Ritov Emotion-based choice Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 128 1999 332-345
69. D. Milovchevich K. Howells N. Drew A. Day Sex and gender role differences in anger: An Australian community study Personality and Individual Differences 31 2001 117-127
70. P.E. Mullen J.L. Martin Jealousy: A community study British Journal of Psychiatry 164 1994 35-43
71. R.L. Nabi The theoretical versus the lay meaning of disgust: Implications for emotion research Cognition and Emotion 16 2002 695-703
72. R.M. Nesse Evolutionary explanations of emotions Human Nature 1 1990 261-289
73. T.E. Nygren A.M. Isen P.J. Taylor J. Dulin The influence of positive affect on the decision rule in risk situations: Focus on outcome (and especially avoidance of loss) rather than probability Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 66 1996 59-72
74. A. Öehman S. Mineka Fears, phobias, and preparedness: Toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning Psychological Review 108 2001 483-522
75. M.M. Pillutla J.K. Murnighan Unfairness, anger, and spite: Emotional rejections of ultimatum offers Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 68 1996 208-224
76. J.M. Plavcan C.P. Van Schaik Intrasexual competition and body weight dimorphism in anthropoid primates American Journal of Physical Anthropology 103 1997 37-68
77. J. Polivy On the induction of emotion in the laboratory: Discrete moods or multiple affect states? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 41 1981 803-817
78. J.F. Quigley M.F. Sherman N.C. Sherman Personality disorder symptoms, gender, and age as predictors of adolescent disgust sensitivity Personality and Individual Differences 22 1997 661-667
79. R. Raghunathan M.T. Pham All negative moods are not equal: Motivational influences of anxiety and sadness on decision making Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 79 1999 56-77
80. G. Rhodes J. Chan L.A. Zebrowitz L.W. Simmons Does sexual dimorphism in human faces signal health? Proceedings of the Royal Society London B 270 2003 93-95
81. P. Rubin C.W. Paul An evolutionary model of taste for risk Economic Inquiry 17 1979 585-596
82. C.L. Rusting S. Nolen-Hoeksema Regulating responses to anger: Effects of rumination and distraction on angry mood Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 1998 790-803
83. K.R. Scherer H.G. Wallbott Evidence for universality and cultural variation of differential emotion response patterning Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66 1994 310-328
84. N. Schwarz Emotion, cognition, and decision making Cognition and Emotion. Special issue: Emotion, cognition, and decision making 14 2000 433-440
85. C.A. Smith P.C. Ellsworth Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48 1985 813-838
86. B.B. Smuts D.L. Cheney R.M. Seyfarth T.T. Struhsaker Primate societies 1987 University of Chicago Press Chicago
87. R.H. Thaler E.J. Johnson Gambling with the house money and trying to break even: The effects of prior outcomes on risky choice Management Science 36 1990 643-660
88. A. Tversky D. Kahneman The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice Science 211 1981 453-458
89. Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1994). The PANAS-X manual for the positive and negative affect schedule-expanded form. University of electronic document. Available from: http://www.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/Clark/PANAS-X.pdf, accessed 1/1/02
90. E.U. Weber A.-R. Blais N.E. Betz A domain-specific risk-attitude scale: Measuring risk perceptions and risk behaviors Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 15 2002 263-290
91. E.U. Weber S. Shafir A.-R. Blais Predicting risk-sensitivity in humans and lower animals: Risk as variance or coefficient of variation Psychological Review 111 2004 430-445
92. G.E. Weisfeld Discrete emotions theory with specific reference to pride and shame in: N.L. Segal G.E. Weisfeld C.C. eds. Weisfeld Uniting psychology and biology: Integrative perspectives on human development 1997 American Psychological Association Washington, DC 419-443
93. M. Wilson M. Daly Competitiveness, risk taking, and violence: The young male syndrome Ethology and Sociobiology 6 1985 59-73
94. M. Wilson M. Daly The man who mistook his wife for a chattel in: J.H. Barkow L. Cosmides J. Tooby eds. The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture 1992 Oxford University Press New York 289-322
95. M. Wilson M. Daly Lethal confrontational violence among young men in: N.J. Bell R.W. Bell eds. Adolescent risk taking 1993 Sage Newbury Park, CA 84-106
96. B.J. Winer Statistical principles in experimental design 1971 McGraw-Hill New York
97. W.F. Wright G.H. Bower Mood effects on subjective probability assessment Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 52 1992 276-291
98. J. Wronska Disgust in relation to emotionality, extraversion, psychoticism and imagery abilities renth in: J.A. Sergeant R.J. Takens eds. European perspectives in psychology Vol. 1 1990 Wiley Chichester 125-138
99. J.M. Zelenski R.J. Larsen Predicting the future: How affect-related personality traits influence likelihood judgments of future events Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28 2002 1000-1010