메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 42, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 446-454

Surface electromyogram signal modelling

Author keywords

Firing rate; Force; Motor unit action potential; Muscle; Recruitment; Surface electromyography

Indexed keywords

KINESIOLOGY; MOTOR-UNIT-BASED MODELS; SURFACE ELECTROMYOGRAM (SEMG);

EID: 4444250291     PISSN: 01400118     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02350985     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (58)

References (115)
  • 1
    • 0019728687 scopus 로고
    • 'Relationship of intracellular and extracellular action potentials of skeletal muscle fibers'
    • Andreassen, A., and Rosenfalck, A. (1981): 'Relationship of intracellular and extracellular action potentials of skeletal muscle fibers', CRC Crit. Rev. Bioeng., 7, pp. 267-306
    • (1981) CRC Crit. Rev. Bioeng. , vol.7 , pp. 267-306
    • Andreassen, A.1    Rosenfalck, A.2
  • 2
    • 0041659236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Simulation analysis of the ability to estimate motor unit propagation velocity non-invasively by different two-channel methods and types of electrodes'
    • Arabadzhiev, T. I., Dimitrov, G. V., and Dimitrova, N. A. (2003): 'Simulation analysis of the ability to estimate motor unit propagation velocity non-invasively by different two-channel methods and types of electrodes', J. Electromyogr Kinesiol, 13, pp. 403-415
    • (2003) J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. , vol.13 , pp. 403-415
    • Arabadzhiev, T.I.1    Dimitrov, G.V.2    Dimitrova, N.A.3
  • 4
    • 0019770369 scopus 로고
    • 'EMG/force relations and fatigue of human voluntary contractions'
    • Bigland-Ritchie, B. (1981): 'EMG/force relations and fatigue of human voluntary contractions', Exerc. Sports Sci. Rev., 9, pp. 75-117
    • (1981) Exerc. Sports Sci. Rev. , vol.9 , pp. 75-117
    • Bigland-Ritchie, B.1
  • 5
    • 0018360457 scopus 로고
    • 'The determination of motor unit characteristics from the low frequency electromyographic power spectra'
    • Blinowski, A., Verroust, J., and Cannet, G. (1979): 'The determination of motor unit characteristics from the low frequency electromyographic power spectra', Electromyogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 19, pp. 281-290
    • (1979) Electromyogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. , vol.19 , pp. 281-290
    • Blinowski, A.1    Verroust, J.2    Cannet, G.3
  • 6
    • 0035698317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Recent advancements in the analysis of dynamic EMG data'
    • Bonato, P. (2001): 'Recent advancements in the analysis of dynamic EMG data', IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag., 20, pp. 29-32
    • (2001) IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. , vol.20 , pp. 29-32
    • Bonato, P.1
  • 7
    • 0033976473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The nonlinear transform: The dynamic, nonlinear link between motor neuron firing patterns and muscle contraction in rhythmic behaviors'
    • Brezina, V., Orekhova, I. V., and Klaudiusz, R. W. (2000) 'The nonlinear transform: the dynamic, nonlinear link between motor neuron firing patterns and muscle contraction in rhythmic behaviors', J. Neurophysiol., 83, pp. 207-231
    • (2000) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.83 , pp. 207-231
    • Brezina, V.1    Orekhova, I.V.2    Klaudiusz, R.W.3
  • 8
    • 0020382902 scopus 로고
    • 'A study of the electromyogram using a population stochastic model of skeletal muscle'
    • Christakos, C. N. (1982): 'A study of the electromyogram using a population stochastic model of skeletal muscle', Biol. Cybern., 45, pp. 5-12
    • (1982) Biol. Cybern. , vol.45 , pp. 5-12
    • Christakos, C.N.1
  • 9
    • 0035700618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Estimation and application of EMG amplitude during dynamic contractions'
    • Clancy, E. A., Bouchard, S., and Rancour, D. (2001): 'Estimation and application of EMG amplitude during dynamic contractions', IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag., 20, pp. 47-54
    • (2001) IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. , vol.20 , pp. 47-54
    • Clancy, E.A.1    Bouchard, S.2    Rancour, D.3
  • 10
    • 0027482139 scopus 로고
    • 'Electromyography and the study of sports movements: A review'
    • Clarys, J. P., and Cabri, J. (1993): 'Electromyography and the study of sports movements: a review', J. Sports Sci., 11, pp. 379-448
    • (1993) J. Sports Sci. , vol.11 , pp. 379-448
    • Clarys, J.P.1    Cabri, J.2
  • 11
    • 0033792916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Electromyography in sports and occupational settings: An update of its limits and possibilities'
    • Clarys, J. P. (2000): 'Electromyography in sports and occupational settings: an update of its limits and possibilities', Ergonomics, 43, pp. 1750-1762
    • (2000) Ergonomics , vol.43 , pp. 1750-1762
    • Clarys, J.P.1
  • 12
    • 0035652681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Experimental simulation of cat electromyogram: Evidence for algebraic summation of motor-unit action-potential trains'
    • Day, S. J., and Hulliger, M. (2001): 'Experimental simulation of cat electromyogram: evidence for algebraic summation of motor-unit action-potential trains', J. Neurophysiol., 86, pp. 2144-2158
    • (2001) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.86 , pp. 2144-2158
    • Day, S.J.1    Hulliger, M.2
  • 13
    • 0016824592 scopus 로고
    • 'A model for a motor unit train recorded during constant force isometric contractions'
    • De Luca, C. (1975): 'A model for a motor unit train recorded during constant force isometric contractions', Cybernetics, 19, pp. 159-167
    • (1975) Cybernetics , vol.19 , pp. 159-167
    • De Luca, C.1
  • 14
    • 0018654889 scopus 로고
    • 'Physiology and mathematics of myoelectric signals'
    • De Luca, C. J. (1979): 'Physiology and mathematics of myoelectric signals', IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 26, pp. 313-325
    • (1979) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.26 , pp. 313-325
    • De Luca, C.J.1
  • 15
    • 0030973129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The use of surface electromyography in biomechanics'
    • De Luca, C. J. (1997): 'The use of surface electromyography in biomechanics', J. Appl. Biomech., 13, pp. 135-163
    • (1997) J. Appl. Biomech. , vol.13 , pp. 135-163
    • De Luca, C.J.1
  • 16
    • 0032124063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Precise and fast calculation of the motor unit potentials detected by a point and rectangular plate electrod'
    • Dimitrov, G. V., and Dimitrova, N. A. (1998): 'Precise and fast calculation of the motor unit potentials detected by a point and rectangular plate electrode', Med. Eng. Phys., 20, pp. 374-380
    • (1998) Med. Eng. Phys. , vol.20 , pp. 374-380
    • Dimitrov, G.V.1    Dimitrova, N.A.2
  • 17
    • 0016161314 scopus 로고
    • 'Model of the extracellular potential field of a single striated muscle fiber'
    • Dimitrova, N. A. (1974): 'Model of the extracellular potential field of a single striated muscle fiber', Electromyogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 14, pp. 53-66
    • (1974) Electromyogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. , vol.14 , pp. 53-66
    • Dimitrova, N.A.1
  • 18
    • 0006757315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Precise and fast MUP calculation as a prerequisite for inverse EMG modeling'
    • Hermans, H., Stegeman, D., Blok, J., and Freriks, B. (Eds): (Roessingh Research Development, Enschede, The Netherlands, 1998)
    • Dimitrova, N. A., and Dimitrov, G. V. (1998): 'Precise and fast MUP calculation as a prerequisite for inverse EMG modeling', in Hermans, H., Stegeman, D., Blok, J., and Freriks, B. (Eds): 'The state of the art on modeling methods for surface electromyography' (Roessingh Research Development, Enschede, The Netherlands, 1998), pp. 45-60
    • (1998) The State of the Art on Modeling Methods for Surface Electromyography , pp. 45-60
    • Dimitrova, N.A.1    Dimitrov, G.V.2
  • 19
    • 0032726743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Effect of electrode dimensions on motor unit potentials'
    • Dimitrova, N. A., Dimitrov, G. V, and Chikhman, V. N. (1999): 'Effect of electrode dimensions on motor unit potentials', Med. Eng. Biol. Phys., 21, pp. 479-486
    • (1999) Med. Eng. Biol. Phys. , vol.21 , pp. 479-486
    • Dimitrova, N.A.1    Dimitrov, G.V.2    Chikhman, V.N.3
  • 20
    • 0037290850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Interpretation of EMG changes with fatigue: Facts, pitfalls, and fallacies'
    • Dimitrova, N. A., and Dimitrov, G. V. (2003): 'Interpretation of EMG changes with fatigue: facts, pitfalls, and fallacies', J. Electromyogr. Kinesol., 13, pp. 13-36
    • (2003) J. Electromyogr. Kinesol. , vol.13 , pp. 13-36
    • Dimitrova, N.A.1    Dimitrov, G.V.2
  • 21
    • 0034055477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Development of a mathematical model that predicts optimal muscle activation patterns by using brief trains'
    • Ding, J., Wexler, A. S., and Binder-Macleod, S. A. (2000): 'Development of a mathematical model that predicts optimal muscle activation patterns by using brief trains', J. Appl. Physiol., 88, pp. 917-925
    • (2000) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.88 , pp. 917-925
    • Ding, J.1    Wexler, A.S.2    Binder-Macleod, S.A.3
  • 22
    • 0031195287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Improvement of spatial resolution in surface-EMG: A theoretical and experimental comparison of different spatial filters'
    • Disslehorst-Klug, C., Silny, J., and Rau, G. (1997): 'Improvement of spatial resolution in surface-EMG: a theoretical and experimental comparison of different spatial filters', IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 44, pp. 567-574
    • (1997) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.44 , pp. 567-574
    • Disslehorst-Klug, C.1    Silny, J.2    Rau, G.3
  • 23
    • 0032190889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Estimation of the relationship between the noninvasively detected activity of single motor units and their characteristic pathological changes by modelling'
    • Disslehorst-Klug, C., Silny, J., and Rau, G. (1998): 'Estimation of the relationship between the noninvasively detected activity of single motor units and their characteristic pathological changes by modelling', J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol., 8, pp. 325-335
    • (1998) J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. , vol.8 , pp. 325-335
    • Disslehorst-Klug, C.1    Silny, J.2    Rau, G.3
  • 24
    • 0030850443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The use of electromyography for the non-invasive prediction of muscle forces. Current issues'
    • Dowling, J. J. (1997): 'The use of electromyography for the non-invasive prediction of muscle forces. Current issues', Sports Med., 24, pp. 82-96
    • (1997) Sports Med. , vol.24 , pp. 82-96
    • Dowling, J.J.1
  • 26
    • 0033034940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Motor unit action potential components and physiologic duration'
    • Dumitru, D., King, J. C., and Rogers, W. E. (1999): 'Motor unit action potential components and physiologic duration', Muscle Nerve, 22, pp. 733-741
    • (1999) Muscle Nerve , vol.22 , pp. 733-741
    • Dumitru, D.1    King, J.C.2    Rogers, W.E.3
  • 27
    • 0028793486 scopus 로고
    • 'Morphological features and activation patterns of motor units'
    • Enoka, R. M. (1995): 'Morphological features and activation patterns of motor units', J. Clin. Neurophysiol., 12, pp. 538-559
    • (1995) J. Clin. Neurophysiol. , vol.12 , pp. 538-559
    • Enoka, R.M.1
  • 28
    • 0035150021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Motor unit physiology: Some unresolved issues'
    • Enoka, R. M., and Fuglevand, A. J. (2001): 'Motor unit physiology: some unresolved issues', Muscle Nerve, 24, pp. 4-17
    • (2001) Muscle Nerve , vol.24 , pp. 4-17
    • Enoka, R.M.1    Fuglevand, A.J.2
  • 29
    • 0032727898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Compensation of the effect of sub-cutaneous tissue layers on surface EMG: A simulation study'
    • Farina, D., and Rainoldi, A. (1999): 'Compensation of the effect of sub-cutaneous tissue layers on surface EMG: a simulation study', Med. Eng. Phys., 21, pp. 487-496
    • (1999) Med. Eng. Phys. , vol.21 , pp. 487-496
    • Farina, D.1    Rainoldi, A.2
  • 30
    • 0034986783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'A novel approach for precise simulation of the EMG signal detected by surface electrodes'
    • Farina, D., and Merletti, R. (2001): 'A novel approach for precise simulation of the EMG signal detected by surface electrodes', IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 48, pp. 637-646
    • (2001) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.48 , pp. 637-646
    • Farina, D.1    Merletti, R.2
  • 31
    • 0036872622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Nonlinear surface EMG analysis to detect changes of motor unit conduction velocity and synchronization'
    • Farina, D., Fattorini, L., Felici, F., and Filligoi, G. (2002a): 'Nonlinear surface EMG analysis to detect changes of motor unit conduction velocity and synchronization', J. Appl. Physiol., 93, pp. 1753-1763
    • (2002) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.93 , pp. 1753-1763
    • Farina, D.1    Fattorini, L.2    Felici, F.3    Filligoi, G.4
  • 32
    • 0036842126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Surface EMG crosstalk between knee extensor muscles: Experimental and model results'
    • Farina, D., Merletti, R., Indino, B., Nazzaro, M., and Pozzo, M. (2002b): 'Surface EMG crosstalk between knee extensor muscles: experimental and model results', Muscle Nerve, 26, pp. 681-695
    • (2002) Muscle Nerve , vol.26 , pp. 681-695
    • Farina, D.1    Merletti, R.2    Indino, B.3    Nazzaro, M.4    Pozzo, M.5
  • 33
    • 0036092520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Motor unit recruitment strategies investigated by surface EMG variables'
    • Farina, D., Fosci, M., and Merletti, R. (2002c): 'Motor unit recruitment strategies investigated by surface EMG variables', J. Appl. Physiol., 92, pp. 235-247
    • (2002) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.92 , pp. 235-247
    • Farina, D.1    Fosci, M.2    Merletti, R.3
  • 35
    • 0033058774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Effects of surface electrode size on computer simulated surface motor unit potentials'
    • Ferdjallah, M., Wertsch, J. J., and Harris, G. F. (1999): 'Effects of surface electrode size on computer simulated surface motor unit potentials', Electromyogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 39, pp. 259-265
    • (1999) Electromyogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. , vol.39 , pp. 259-265
    • Ferdjallah, M.1    Wertsch, J.J.2    Harris, G.F.3
  • 36
    • 0027731125 scopus 로고
    • 'Models of recruitment and rate coding organization in motor-unit pools'
    • Fuglevand, A. J., Winter, D. A., and Patla, A. E. (1995): 'Models of recruitment and rate coding organization in motor-unit pools', J. Neurophysiol., 70, pp. 2470-2488
    • (1995) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.70 , pp. 2470-2488
    • Fuglevand, A.J.1    Winter, D.A.2    Patla, A.E.3
  • 37
    • 0025761673 scopus 로고
    • 'Finite limb dimensions and finite muscle length in a model for the generation of electromyographic signals'
    • Gootzen, T. H., Stegeman, D. F., and Van Oosterom, A. (1991): 'Finite limb dimensions and finite muscle length in a model for the generation of electromyographic signals', Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 81, pp. 152-162
    • (1991) Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. , vol.81 , pp. 152-162
    • Gootzen, T.H.1    Stegeman, D.F.2    Van Oosterom, A.3
  • 38
    • 0018127081 scopus 로고
    • 'A study of the motor unit action potential by means of computer simulation'
    • Griep, P. A., Boon, K. L., and Stegeman, D. F. (1978): 'A study of the motor unit action potential by means of computer simulation', Biol. Cybern., 30, pp. 221-230
    • (1978) Biol. Cybern. , vol.30 , pp. 221-230
    • Griep, P.A.1    Boon, K.L.2    Stegeman, D.F.3
  • 40
    • 0018710955 scopus 로고
    • 'Simulation linking EMG power spectra to recruitment and rate coding'
    • Guha, S. K., and Anand, S. (1979): 'Simulation linking EMG power spectra to recruitment and rate coding', Comput. Biol. Med., 9, pp. 213-221
    • (1979) Comput. Biol. Med. , vol.9 , pp. 213-221
    • Guha, S.K.1    Anand, S.2
  • 41
    • 0015320423 scopus 로고
    • 'Volume conduction of the potentials from separate motor units in human muscle'
    • Gydikov, A., and Kosarov, D. (1972): 'Volume conduction of the potentials from separate motor units in human muscle', Electromyogr Clin. Neurophysiol., 12, pp. 127-147
    • (1972) Electromyogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. , vol.12 , pp. 127-147
    • Gydikov, A.1    Kosarov, D.2
  • 42
    • 0026726635 scopus 로고
    • 'Interpretation of EMG spectral alterations and alteration indexes at sustained contraction'
    • Hägg, G. M. (1992): 'Interpretation of EMG spectral alterations and alteration indexes at sustained contraction', J. Appl. Physiol., 73, pp. 1211-1217
    • (1992) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.73 , pp. 1211-1217
    • Hägg, G.M.1
  • 43
    • 0343341641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Methodologies for evaluating electromyographic field data in ergonomics'
    • Hägg, G. M., Luttmann, A., and Jäger, M. (2000): 'Methodologies for evaluating electromyographic field data in ergonomics', J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol., 10, pp. 301-312
    • (2000) J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. , vol.10 , pp. 301-312
    • Hägg, G.M.1    Luttmann, A.2    Jäger, M.3
  • 44
    • 0025852538 scopus 로고
    • 'Computer simulation of the steady-state input-output function of the cat medial gastrocnemius motoneuron pool'
    • Heckmann, C. J., and Binder, M. D. (1991): 'Computer simulation of the steady-state input-output function of the cat medial gastrocnemius motoneuron pool', J. Neurophysiol., 65, pp. 952-967
    • (1991) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.65 , pp. 952-967
    • Heckmann, C.J.1    Binder, M.D.2
  • 45
    • 0024000563 scopus 로고
    • 'The electromyogram (EMG) as a control signal for functional neuromuscular stimulation - Part I: Autoregressive modeling as a means of EMG signature discrimination'
    • Hefftner, G., Zucchini, W, and Jaros, G. G. (1988): 'The electromyogram (EMG) as a control signal for functional neuromuscular stimulation - Part I: autoregressive modeling as a means of EMG signature discrimination', IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 35, pp. 230-237
    • (1988) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.35 , pp. 230-237
    • Hefftner, G.1    Zucchini, W.2    Jaros, G.G.3
  • 46
    • 0026943629 scopus 로고
    • 'The spatial integration effect of surface electrode detecting myoelectric signal'
    • Helal, J. N., and Bouissou, P, (1992): 'The spatial integration effect of surface electrode detecting myoelectric signal', IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 39, pp. 1161-1167
    • (1992) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.39 , pp. 1161-1167
    • Helal, J.N.1    Bouissou, P.2
  • 47
    • 0001019836 scopus 로고
    • 'Functional organization of motoneuron pool and its inputs'
    • Section I, (Am. Physiol. Soc., Bethesda, MD, 1981)
    • Henneman, E., and Mendell, L. M. (1981) 'Functional organization of motoneuron pool and its inputs', in 'Handbook of physiology. The nervous system. Motor control', Section I, Vol. II, Part 1 (Am. Physiol. Soc., Bethesda, MD, 1981), pp. 423-507
    • (1981) Handbook of Physiology. The Nervous System. Motor Control , vol.2 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 423-507
    • Henneman, E.1    Mendell, L.M.2
  • 48
    • 0007625871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The state of the art on modeling methods for surface electromyography'
    • (Eds) (Roessingh Research and Development, Enschede, The Netherlands, 1998)
    • Hermans, H., Stegeman, D., Blok, J., and Freriks, B. (Eds) (1998): 'The state of the art on modeling methods for surface electromyography' (Roessingh Research & Development, Enschede, The Netherlands, 1998)
    • (1998)
    • Hermans, H.1    Stegeman, D.2    Blok, J.3    Freriks, B.4
  • 49
    • 0019782671 scopus 로고
    • 'EMG to force processing - I: An electrical analogue of the Hill muscle model'
    • Hof, A. L., and Van den Berg, J. (1981): 'EMG to force processing-I: An electrical analogue of the Hill muscle model', J. Biomech., 14, pp. 747-758
    • (1981) J. Biomech. , vol.14 , pp. 747-758
    • Hof, A.L.1    Van den Berg, J.2
  • 50
    • 0031226445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The relationship between electromyogram and muscle force'
    • Hof, A. L. (1997): 'The relationship between electromyogram and muscle force', Sportverletz Sportschaden, 11, pp. 79-86
    • (1997) Sportverletz Sportschaden , vol.11 , pp. 79-86
    • Hof, A.L.1
  • 51
    • 0019226631 scopus 로고
    • 'Myoelectric signal processing: Optimal estimation applied to electromyography-Part I: Derivation of the optimal myoprocessor'
    • Hogan, N., and Mann, R. W. (1980): 'Myoelectric signal processing: optimal estimation applied to electromyography-Part I: derivation of the optimal myoprocessor', IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 27, pp. 382-395
    • (1980) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.27 , pp. 382-395
    • Hogan, N.1    Mann, R.W.2
  • 52
    • 0041659235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Use of surface EMG for studying motor unit recruitment during isometric linear force ramp'
    • Hogrel, J.-Y. (2003): 'Use of surface EMG for studying motor unit recruitment during isometric linear force ramp', J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol., 13, pp. 417-423
    • (2003) J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. , vol.13 , pp. 417-423
    • Hogrel, J.-Y.1
  • 53
    • 0036237420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Motoneurons: A preferred firing range across vertebrate species'
    • Hornby, T. G., McDonagh, J. C., Reinking, R. M., and Stuart, D. G. (2002): 'Motoneurons: a preferred firing range across vertebrate species', Muscle Nerve, 25, pp. 632-648
    • (2002) Muscle Nerve , vol.25 , pp. 632-648
    • Hornby, T.G.1    McDonagh, J.C.2    Reinking, R.M.3    Stuart, D.G.4
  • 54
    • 0021880246 scopus 로고
    • 'EMG biofeedback with upper extremity musculature for relaxation training: A critical review of the literature'
    • Ince, L. P, Leon, M. S.; and Christidis, D. (1985): 'EMG biofeedback with upper extremity musculature for relaxation training: a critical review of the literature', J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry, 16, pp. 133-137
    • (1985) J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry , vol.16 , pp. 133-137
    • Ince, L.P.1    Leon, M.S.2    Christidis, D.3
  • 55
    • 0018666506 scopus 로고
    • 'The number of active motor units and their firing rates in voluntary contractions of human brachialis muscle'
    • Kanosue, K., Yoshida, M., Akazawa, K., and Fujii, K. (1979): 'The number of active motor units and their firing rates in voluntary contractions of human brachialis muscle', Jap. J. Physiol., 29, pp. 427-443
    • (1979) Jap. J. Physiol. , vol.29 , pp. 427-443
    • Kanosue, K.1    Yoshida, M.2    Akazawa, K.3    Fujii, K.4
  • 56
    • 0034281947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Estimation of surface electromyogram spectral alteration using reduced-order autoregressive model'
    • Karlsson, S., and Yu, J. (2000): 'Estimation of surface electromyogram spectral alteration using reduced-order autoregressive model', Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 38, pp. 520-527
    • (2000) Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. , vol.38 , pp. 520-527
    • Karlsson, S.1    Yu, J.2
  • 57
    • 0026832767 scopus 로고
    • 'Investigation on parametric analysis of dynamic EMG signals by a muscle-structured simulation model'
    • Kiryu, T., Saitoh, Y., and Ishioka, K. (1992): 'Investigation on parametric analysis of dynamic EMG signals by a muscle-structured simulation model', IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 39, pp. 280-288
    • (1992) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.39 , pp. 280-288
    • Kiryu, T.1    Saitoh, Y.2    Ishioka, K.3
  • 58
    • 0028032907 scopus 로고
    • 'AR modeling of myoelectric interference signals during a ramp contraction'
    • Kiryu, T., De Luca, C. J., and Saitoh, Y. (1994): 'AR modeling of myoelectric interference signals during a ramp contraction', IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 41, pp. 1031-1038
    • (1994) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.41 , pp. 1031-1038
    • Kiryu, T.1    De Luca, C.J.2    Saitoh, Y.3
  • 59
    • 0034811853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Influence of motoneuron firing synchronization on SEMG characteristics in dependence of electrode position'
    • Kleine, B. U., Stegeman, D. F., Mund, D., and Anders, C. (2001): 'Influence of motoneuron firing synchronization on SEMG characteristics in dependence of electrode position', J. Appl. Physiol., 91, pp. 1588-1599
    • (2001) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.91 , pp. 1588-1599
    • Kleine, B.U.1    Stegeman, D.F.2    Mund, D.3    Anders, C.4
  • 60
    • 0025025683 scopus 로고
    • 'The equivalent source description representing the extinction of an action potential at a muscle fiber ending'
    • Kleinpenning, P. H., Gootzen, T. H., Van Oosterom, A., and Stegeman, D. F. (1990): 'The equivalent source description representing the extinction of an action potential at a muscle fiber ending', Math. Biosci., 101, pp. 41-61
    • (1990) Math. Biosci. , vol.101 , pp. 41-61
    • Kleinpenning, P.H.1    Gootzen, T.H.2    Van Oosterom, A.3    Stegeman, D.F.4
  • 61
    • 0031740890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Electromyography in the biomechanical analysis of human movement and its clinical application'
    • Kleissen, R. F. M., Buurke, J. H., Harlaar, J., and Zilvold, G. (1998): 'Electromyography in the biomechanical analysis of human movement and its clinical application', Gait Posture, 8, pp. 143-158
    • (1998) Gait Posture , vol.8 , pp. 143-158
    • Kleissen, R.F.M.1    Buurke, J.H.2    Harlaar, J.3    Zilvold, G.4
  • 62
    • 0019390439 scopus 로고
    • 'Comparison of the recruitment and discharge properties of motor units in human brachial biceps and adductor pollicis during isometric contractions'
    • Kukulka, C. G., and Clamann, H. P. (1981): 'Comparison of the recruitment and discharge properties of motor units in human brachial biceps and adductor pollicis during isometric contractions', Brain Res., 219, pp. 45-55
    • (1981) Brain Res. , vol.219 , pp. 45-55
    • Kukulka, C.G.1    Clamann, H.P.2
  • 63
    • 0017554488 scopus 로고
    • 'Effect of motor-unit firing time statistics on e.m.g. spectra'
    • Lago, P., and Jones, N. B. (1977): 'Effect of motor-unit firing time statistics on e.m.g. spectra', Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 15, pp. 648-655
    • (1977) Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. , vol.15 , pp. 648-655
    • Lago, P.1    Jones, N.B.2
  • 64
    • 0027742430 scopus 로고
    • 'Effect of recording electrode position along a muscle fibre on surface potential power spectrum'
    • Lateva, Z. C. , Dimitrova, N. A., and Dimotrov G. V. (1993): 'Effect of recording electrode position along a muscle fibre on surface potential power spectrum', J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol., 3, 195-204
    • (1993) J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. , vol.3 , pp. 195-204
    • Lateva, Z.C.1    Dimitrova, N.A.2    Dimotrov, G.V.3
  • 65
    • 0029797096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Anatomical and electrophysiological determinants of the human thenar compound muscle action potential'
    • Lateva, Z. C., McGill, K. C., and Burgar, C. R. (1996): 'Anatomical and electrophysiological determinants of the human thenar compound muscle action potential', Muscle Nerve, 19, pp. 1457-1468
    • (1996) Muscle Nerve , vol.19 , pp. 1457-1468
    • Lateva, Z.C.1    McGill, K.C.2    Burgar, C.R.3
  • 66
    • 0017490752 scopus 로고
    • 'Interpretation of myoelectric power spectra: A model and its applications'
    • Lindström, L. H., and Magnusson, R. I. (1977): 'Interpretation of myoelectric power spectra: a model and its applications', Proc. IEEE, 65, pp. 653-662
    • (1977) Proc. IEEE , vol.65 , pp. 653-662
    • Lindström, L.H.1    Magnusson, R.I.2
  • 67
    • 0034283130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Spectral compression of the electromyographic signal due to decreasing muscle fiber conduction velocity'
    • Lowery, M. M., Vaughan, C. L., Nolan, P. J., and O'Malley, M. J. (2000): 'Spectral compression of the electromyographic signal due to decreasing muscle fiber conduction velocity', IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng., 8, pp. 353-361
    • (2000) IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng. , vol.8 , pp. 353-361
    • Lowery, M.M.1    Vaughan, C.L.2    Nolan, P.J.3    O'Malley, M.J.4
  • 68
  • 69
    • 0041317240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Analysis and simulation of changes in EMG amplitude during high-level fatiguing contractions'
    • Lowery, M. M., and O'Malley, M. J. (2003): 'Analysis and simulation of changes in EMG amplitude during high-level fatiguing contractions', IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 50, pp. 1052-1062
    • (2003) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.50 , pp. 1052-1062
    • Lowery, M.M.1    O'Malley, M.J.2
  • 70
    • 0037599263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Independence of myoelectric control signals examined using a surface EMG model'
    • Lowery, M. M., Stoykov, N. S., and Kuiken, T. A. (2003): 'Independence of myoelectric control signals examined using a surface EMG model', IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 50, pp. 789-793
    • (2003) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.50 , pp. 789-793
    • Lowery, M.M.1    Stoykov, N.S.2    Kuiken, T.A.3
  • 71
    • 0041317240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Analysis and simulation of changes in EMG amplitude during high-level fatiguing contractions'
    • Lowery, M. M., and O'Malley, M. J. (2003): 'Analysis and simulation of changes in EMG amplitude during high-level fatiguing contractions', IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 50, pp. 1052-1062
    • (2003) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.50 , pp. 1052-1062
    • Lowery, M.M.1    O'Malley, M.J.2
  • 73
    • 0036935399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Fiber composition and oxidative capacity of hamster skeletal muscle'
    • Mattson, J. P., Miller, T. A., Poole, D. C., and Delp, M. D. (2002): 'Fiber composition and oxidative capacity of hamster skeletal muscle', J. Histochem. Cytochem., 50, pp. 1685-1692
    • (2002) J. Histochem. Cytochem. , vol.50 , pp. 1685-1692
    • Mattson, J.P.1    Miller, T.A.2    Poole, D.C.3    Delp, M.D.4
  • 74
    • 0035192540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'A model of the muscle action potential for describing the leading edge, terminal wave, and slow afterwave'
    • McGill, K. C., Lateva, Z. C., and Xiao, S. (2001): 'A model of the muscle action potential for describing the leading edge, terminal wave, and slow afterwave', IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 48, pp. 1357-1365
    • (2001) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.48 , pp. 1357-1365
    • McGill, K.C.1    Lateva, Z.C.2    Xiao, S.3
  • 75
    • 0035192502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'A model of the muscle-fiber intracellular action potential waveform, including the slow repolarization phase'
    • McGill, K. C., and Lateva, Z. C. (2001): 'A model of the muscle-fiber intracellular action potential waveform, including the slow repolarization phase', IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 48, pp. 1480-1483
    • (2001) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.48 , pp. 1480-1483
    • McGill, K.C.1    Lateva, Z.C.2
  • 76
    • 0017369306 scopus 로고
    • 'Model of the electromyographic activity during brief isometric contractions'
    • Meijers, L. M. M., Teulings, J. L. H. M., and Eijkman, E. G. J. (1976): 'Model of the electromyographic activity during brief isometric contractions', Biol. Cybern., 25, pp. 7-16
    • (1976) Biol. Cybern. , vol.25 , pp. 7-16
    • Meijers, L.M.M.1    Teulings, J.L.H.M.2    Eijkman, E.G.J.3
  • 78
    • 0032974147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Modeling of surface myoelectric signals - Part II: Model-based signal interpretation'
    • Merletti, R., Roy, S. H., Kupa, E., Roatta, S., and Granata, A. (1999b): 'Modeling of surface myoelectric signals - Part II: model-based signal interpretation', IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 46, pp. 821-829
    • (1999) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.46 , pp. 821-829
    • Merletti, R.1    Roy, S.H.2    Kupa, E.3    Roatta, S.4    Granata, A.5
  • 79
    • 0037339348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'A fast and reliable technique for muscle activity detection from surface EMG signals'
    • Merlo, A., Farina, D., and Merletti, R. (2003): 'A fast and reliable technique for muscle activity detection from surface EMG signals', IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 50, pp. 316-323
    • (2003) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.50 , pp. 316-323
    • Merlo, A.1    Farina, D.2    Merletti, R.3
  • 80
    • 0016699080 scopus 로고
    • 'The relation between the surface electromyogram and muscular force'
    • Milner-Brown, H. S., and Stein, R. B. (1975): 'The relation between the surface electromyogram and muscular force', J. Physiol. (Lond)., 246, pp. 549-569
    • (1975) J. Physiol. Lond. , vol.246 , pp. 549-569
    • Milner-Brown, H.S.1    Stein, R.B.2
  • 82
    • 0023428794 scopus 로고
    • 'Autoregressive modeling of surface EMG and its spectrum with application to fatigue'
    • Paiss, O., and Inbar, G. F. (1987): 'Autoregressive modeling of surface EMG and its spectrum with application to fatigue', IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 34, pp. 761-770
    • (1987) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.34 , pp. 761-770
    • Paiss, O.1    Inbar, G.F.2
  • 83
    • 0024574728 scopus 로고
    • 'Motor unit power spectrum and firing rate'
    • Pan, Z. S., Zhang, Y., and Parker, P. A. (1989): 'Motor unit power spectrum and firing rate', Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 27, pp. 14-18
    • (1989) Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. , vol.27 , pp. 14-18
    • Pan, Z.S.1    Zhang, Y.2    Parker, P.A.3
  • 84
    • 0022528125 scopus 로고
    • 'Myoelectric control of prostheses'
    • Parker, P. A., and Scott, R. N. (1986): 'Myoelectric control of prostheses', Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng., 13, pp. 283-310
    • (1986) Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng. , vol.13 , pp. 283-310
    • Parker, P.A.1    Scott, R.N.2
  • 85
    • 0019650815 scopus 로고
    • 'EMG-force relationships in skeletal muscle'
    • Perry, J., and Bekey, G. A. (1981): 'EMG-force relationships in skeletal muscle', Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng., 7, pp. 1-22
    • (1981) Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng. , vol.7 , pp. 1-22
    • Perry, J.1    Bekey, G.A.2
  • 86
    • 0016097890 scopus 로고
    • 'The active fiber in a volume conductor'
    • Plonsey, R. (1974): 'The active fiber in a volume conductor', IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 21, pp. 371-381
    • (1974) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.21 , pp. 371-381
    • Plonsey, R.1
  • 87
    • 0019225258 scopus 로고
    • 'Surface EMG and muscle force at low force levels'
    • Pollak, V. (1980): 'Surface EMG and muscle force at low force levels', Am. J. Phys. Med., 59, pp. 126-141
    • (1980) Am. J. Phys. Med. , vol.59 , pp. 126-141
    • Pollak, V.1
  • 91
    • 0030721630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The motor unit potential distribution over the skin surface and its use in estimating the motor unit location'
    • Roeleveld, K., Stegeman, D. F., Vingerhoets, H. M., and van Oosterom, A. (1997c): 'The motor unit potential distribution over the skin surface and its use in estimating the motor unit location', Acta Physiol. Scand., 161, pp. 465-472
    • (1997) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.161 , pp. 465-472
    • Roeleveld, K.1    Stegeman, D.F.2    Vingerhoets, H.M.3    van Oosterom, A.4
  • 92
    • 0014657508 scopus 로고
    • 'Intra-and extracellular potential fields of active nerve and muscle fibres'
    • Rosenfalck, P. (1969): 'Intra-and extracellular potential fields of active nerve and muscle fibres', Acta Physiol. Scand., 321, pp. 1-168
    • (1969) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.321 , pp. 1-168
    • Rosenfalck, P.1
  • 93
    • 0023921602 scopus 로고
    • 'Spatial and temporal frequency-dependent conductivities in volume conduction calculations of skeletal muscle'
    • Roth, B. J., Gielen, F. L. H., and Wikswo, J. P. (1988): 'Spatial and temporal frequency-dependent conductivities in volume conduction calculations of skeletal muscle', Math. Biosci., 88, pp. 159-189
    • (1988) Math. Biosci. , vol.88 , pp. 159-189
    • Roth, B.J.1    Gielen, F.L.H.2    Wikswo, J.P.3
  • 94
    • 0031105345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Influence of inhomogeneities in muscle tissue on single-fibre action potentials: A model study'
    • Rutten, W. L., van Veen, B. K., Stroeve, S. H., Boom, H. B., and Wallinga, W. (1997): 'Influence of inhomogeneities in muscle tissue on single-fibre action potentials: a model study', Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 35, pp. 91-95
    • (1997) Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. , vol.35 , pp. 91-95
    • Rutten, W.L.1    van Veen, B.K.2    Stroeve, S.H.3    Boom, H.B.4    Wallinga, W.5
  • 95
    • 0026228535 scopus 로고
    • 'Influence of tissue inhomogeneities on noninvasive muscle fiber conduction velocity measurements-investigated by physical and numerical modeling'
    • Schneider, J., Silny, J., and Rau, G. (1991): 'Influence of tissue inhomogeneities on noninvasive muscle fiber conduction velocity measurements-investigated by physical and numerical modeling', IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 38, pp. 851-860
    • (1991) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.38 , pp. 851-860
    • Schneider, J.1    Silny, J.2    Rau, G.3
  • 97
    • 0023021566 scopus 로고
    • 'Historical update and new developments on the EMG-force relationships of skeletal muscles'
    • Solomonow, M., Baratta, R., Zhou, B. H., Shoji, H., and D'Ambrosia, R. (1986): 'Historical update and new developments on the EMG-force relationships of skeletal muscles', Orthopedics, 9, pp. 1541-1543
    • (1986) Orthopedics , vol.9 , pp. 1541-1543
    • Solomonow, M.1    Baratta, R.2    Zhou, B.H.3    Shoji, H.4    D'Ambrosia, R.5
  • 98
    • 0027520160 scopus 로고
    • 'Simulation of electromyographic signals'
    • Stashuk, D. W. (1993): 'Simulation of electromyographic signals', J. Electromyogr Kinesol., 3, pp. 157-173
    • (1993) J. Electromyogr. Kinesol. , vol.3 , pp. 157-173
    • Stashuk, D.W.1
  • 99
    • 0032727527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Objective motor response onset detection in surface myoelectric signals'
    • Staude, G., and Wolf, W. (1999): 'Objective motor response onset detection in surface myoelectric signals', Med. Eng. Phys., 21, pp. 449-467
    • (1999) Med. Eng. Phys. , vol.21 , pp. 449-467
    • Staude, G.1    Wolf, W.2
  • 100
    • 0026592131 scopus 로고
    • 'Muscle fiber action potential changes and surface EMG: A simulation study'
    • Stegeman, D. F, and Linssen, W. H. J. P. (1992): 'Muscle fiber action potential changes and surface EMG: a simulation study', J. Electromyogr. Kinesol., 2, pp. 130-140
    • (1992) J. Electromyogr. Kinesol. , vol.2 , pp. 130-140
    • Stegeman, D.F.1    Linssen, W.H.J.P.2
  • 101
    • 0031401931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Near-and far-fields: Source characteristics and the conducting medium in neurophysiology'
    • Stegeman, D. F., Dumitru, D., King, J. C., and Roeleveld, K. (1997): 'Near-and far-fields: source characteristics and the conducting medium in neurophysiology', J. Clin. Neurophysiol., 14, pp. 429-442
    • (1997) J. Clin. Neurophysiol. , vol.14 , pp. 429-442
    • Stegeman, D.F.1    Dumitru, D.2    King, J.C.3    Roeleveld, K.4
  • 103
    • 0036074799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Frequency-and time-domain FEM models of EMG: Capacitive effects and aspects of dispersion'
    • Stoykov, N. S., Lowery, M. M., Taflove, A., and Kuiken, T. A. (2002): 'Frequency-and time-domain FEM models of EMG: capacitive effects and aspects of dispersion', IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 49, pp. 763-772
    • (2002) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.49 , pp. 763-772
    • Stoykov, N.S.1    Lowery, M.M.2    Taflove, A.3    Kuiken, T.A.4
  • 104
    • 0033126626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'A model for steady isometric muscle activation'
    • Studer, L. M., Ruegg, D. G., and Gabriel, J.-P. (1999): 'A model for steady isometric muscle activation', Biol. Cybern., 80, pp. 339-355
    • (1999) Biol. Cybern. , vol.80 , pp. 339-355
    • Studer, L.M.1    Ruegg, D.G.2    Gabriel, J.-P.3
  • 105
    • 0019732777 scopus 로고
    • 'Frequency parameters of the myoelectric signal as a measure of muscle conduction velocity'
    • Stulen, F. B., and De Luca, C. J. (1981): 'Frequency parameters of the myoelectric signal as a measure of muscle conduction velocity', IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 28, pp. 515-523
    • (1981) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.28 , pp. 515-523
    • Stulen, F.B.1    De Luca, C.J.2
  • 106
    • 0034990012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The evolution of clinical gait analysis. Part 1: Kinesiological EMG'
    • Sutherland, D. H. (2001): 'The evolution of clinical gait analysis. Part 1: kinesiological EMG', Gait Posture, 14, pp. 61-70
    • (2001) Gait Posture , vol.14 , pp. 61-70
    • Sutherland, D.H.1
  • 107
    • 0030069156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Activation of type-identified motor units during centrally evoked contractions in the cat medial gastrocnemius muscle. II. Motoneuron firing-rate modulation'
    • Tansey, K. E., and Botterman, B. R. (1996): 'Activation of type-identified motor units during centrally evoked contractions in the cat medial gastrocnemius muscle. II. Motoneuron firing-rate modulation', J. Neurophysiol., 75, pp. 38-50
    • (1996) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.75 , pp. 38-50
    • Tansey, K.E.1    Botterman, B.R.2
  • 108
    • 0025941033 scopus 로고
    • 'History and evolution of methods for solving the inverse problem'
    • van Oosterom, A. (1991): 'History and evolution of methods for solving the inverse problem', J. Clin. Neurophysiol., 8, pp. 371-380
    • (1991) J. Clin. Neurophysiol. , vol.8 , pp. 371-380
    • van Oosterom, A.1
  • 109
    • 0026866753 scopus 로고
    • 'Potential distribution and single-fibre action potentials in a radially bounded muscle model'
    • van Veen, B. K., Rijkhoff, N. J., Rutten, W. L., Wallinga, W, and Boom, H. B. (1992): 'Potential distribution and single-fibre action potentials in a radially bounded muscle model', Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 30, pp. 303-310
    • (1992) Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. , vol.30 , pp. 303-310
    • van Veen, B.K.1    Rijkhoff, N.J.2    Rutten, W.L.3    Wallinga, W.4    Boom, H.B.5
  • 110
    • 0027175131 scopus 로고
    • 'The bioelectrical source in computing single muscle fiber action potentials'
    • van Veen, B. K., Wolters, H., Wallinga, W, Rutten, W. L., and Boom, H. B. (1993): 'The bioelectrical source in computing single muscle fiber action potentials', Biophys. J., 64, pp. 1492-1498
    • (1993) Biophys. J. , vol.64 , pp. 1492-1498
    • van Veen, B.K.1    Wolters, H.2    Wallinga, W.3    Rutten, W.L.4    Boom, H.B.5
  • 111
    • 0021018810 scopus 로고
    • 'Linear and non-linear surface emg/force relationships in human muscles. An anatomical/functional argument for the existence of both'
    • Woods, J. J., and Bigland-Ritchie, B. (1983): 'Linear and non-linear surface emg/force relationships in human muscles. An anatomical/functional argument for the existence of both', Am. J. Phys. Med., 62, pp. 287-299
    • (1983) Am. J. Phys. Med. , vol.62 , pp. 287-299
    • Woods, J.J.1    Bigland-Ritchie, B.2
  • 113
    • 0033985801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Motor-unit synchronization increases EMG amplitude and decreases force steadiness of simulated contractions'
    • Yao, W., Fuglevand, A. J., and Enoka, R. M. (2000): 'Motor-unit synchronization increases EMG amplitude and decreases force steadiness of simulated contractions', J. Neurophysiol., 83, pp. 441-452
    • (2000) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.83 , pp. 441-452
    • Yao, W.1    Fuglevand, A.J.2    Enoka, R.M.3
  • 114
    • 0037304228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Biomechanics and muscle coordination of human walking: Part II: Lessons from dynamical simulations and clinical implications'
    • Zajac, F. E., Neptune, R. R., and Kautz, S. A. (2003): 'Biomechanics and muscle coordination of human walking: Part II: lessons from dynamical simulations and clinical implications', Gait Posture, 17, pp. 1-17
    • (2003) Gait Posture , vol.17 , pp. 1-17
    • Zajac, F.E.1    Neptune, R.R.2    Kautz, S.A.3
  • 115
    • 0038121674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Multichannel surface EMG: Basic aspects and clinical utility'
    • Zwarts, M. J., and Stegeman, D. F. (2003): 'Multichannel surface EMG: basic aspects and clinical utility', Muscle Nerve, 28, pp. 1-17
    • (2003) Muscle Nerve , vol.28 , pp. 1-17
    • Zwarts, M.J.1    Stegeman, D.F.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.