Review of natural energy sources and global power needs

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Volumn 12, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 1959-1973

  Khan, N ^a   Saleem, Z ^a   Wahid, A ^a  

^a COMSATS Institute of Information Technology ^*  (Pakistan)

Author keywords

Global energy reserves; Nuclear energy; Renewable energy; Solar energy

Indexed keywords

EID: 44149115198     PISSN: 13640321     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2007.04.009     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. J.M. Pearce Photovoltaics - a path to sustainable futures Futures 34 2002 663 674
2. R.B. Duffey Sustainable futures using nuclear energy Prog Nucl Energy 47 2005 535 543
3. Marbán G, Valdés-Solís T. Towards the hydrogen economy. Int J Hydrogen Energy [available online since December 2006].
4. P.P. Prosini, and P. Gislon A hydrogen refill for cellular phone J Pow Sour 161 2006 290 293
5. Omer M. Ground-source heat pumps systems and applications. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev [available online since 2006].
6. A.P.C. Faaij Bio-energy in Europe: changing technology choices Energy Policy 34 2006 322 342
7. G.M.J. Herbert, S. Iniyanb, E. Sreevalsan, and S. Rajapandian A review of wind energy technologies Renew Sustainable Energy Rev 11 2007 117 1145
8. M. Turek, and B. Bandura Renewable energy by reverse electrodialysis Desalination 205 2007 67 74
9. I.M. Bugaje Renewable energy for sustainable development in Africa: a review article Renew Sustainable Energy Rev 10 2006 603 612
10. H. Lund Renewable energy strategies for sustainable development Energy 32 2007 912 919
11. US Government. CIA, The World Fact-book, Washington, ISSN: 1553-8133-0277-1527.
12. S. Kevin Technically speaking Spectrum 18 1994 1 5
13. J.W. Tester Sustainable energy 2005 The MIT Press
14. Renewable energy policy network for the 21st century, 2006 .
15. Firex product brochure quoting data from, Ashrae guide and data book, 1964.
16. CPL Report no. 0007-100000-001-000, January 2007.
17. D.S. Ginger, and N.C. Greenham Phys Rev B 59 1999 10622
18. V. Smil Energy at the crossroads 2003 MIT Press p. 241
19. H.-T. Su, R.-R. Hsu, A.B. Chen, Y.C. Wang, W.S. Hsiao, and W.C. Lai Gigantic jets between a thundercloud and the ionosphere Nature 423 2003 974 976
20. V.P. Pasko Atmospheric physics: electric jets Nature 423 2003 927 929
21. May B. God's electrical heavens. Apologetics Press; 2003 .
22. L.N. Makarova, A.V. Shirochkov, and K.V. Koptjaeva The Earth's magnetopause as an element of the global electric circuit Geomagn Aeronomy 38 1998 156 159
23. L.N. Makarova, and A.V. Shirochkov A new approach to the global electric circuit conception 1993 Arctic & Antarctic Research Institute Russia, St Petersburg p. 97
24. R. Markson Solar modulation of atmospheric electrification and possible implications for the sun-weather relationship Nature 273 1978 103 109
25. M.J. Rycroft, S. Israelsson, and C. Price The global atmospheric electric circuit, solar activity and climate change J Atmos Sol Terr Phys 62 2000 1563 1576
26. M.J. Rycroft Electrical processes coupling the atmosphere and ionosphere: an overview J Atmos Sol Terr Phys 68 2006 445 456
27. Singh D, Gopalakrishnana V, Singh RP, Kamra AK, Singh S, Panta V, Singh R, Singh AK. The atmospheric global electric circuit: an overview. Atmospheric Research, Corrected proof online since June 2006.
28. Stong CL. Electrostatic motors are powered by electric field of the Earth, October, 1974.
29. Bryan B, Hellemans A. The history of science and technology: a browser's guide to the great discoveries, inventions, and the people who made them from the dawn of time to today. ISBN 0-618-22123-9.
30. L.C. Hale, C.L. Croskey, and J.D. Mitchell Measurements of middle-atmosphere electric fields and associated electrical conductivities Geophys Res Lett 8 1981 927 930
31. E.D. Gonzalez, C. Pereira, A.L.C. Gonzalez, I.M. Martin, S.L.G. Dutra, and O. Pinto Large horizontal electric fields measured at balloon heights of the Brazilian magnetic anomaly and association to local energetic particle precipitation Geophys Res Lett 9 1982 567 570
32. M.C. Kelley Middle atmospheric electrodynamics Rev Geophys Space Phys 21 1983 273 275
33. Kasemir HW. The atmospheric electric global circuit. In Proceeding workshop on the need for lightning observations from space, NASA CP-2095, 1979. p. 136-47.
34. H.W. Kasemir The thunderstorm as a generator in the global electric circuit (in German) Z Geophys 25 1959 33 64
35. B.K. Sapkota, and N.C. Varshneya On the global atmospheric electrical circuit J Atmos Terr Phys 52 1990 1 20
36. Siingh D, Gopalakrishnan V, Singh RP, Kamra AK, Singh S, Pant V, Singh R, Singh AK. The atmospheric global electric circuit: an overview. Atmos Res available online since May 2006.
37. M.J. Rycroft, and M. Cho Modeling electric and magnetic fields due to thunderclouds and lightning from cloud-tops to the ionosphere J Atmos Sol Terr Phys 60 1998 889 893
38. The Earth's electrical environment National Academic Press, 1986, ISBN: 0-309-55766-6.
39. W.L. Webb Global electrical currents Pure Appl Geophys 84 1971 89 108
40. R.D. Hill Spherical capacitor hypothesis of earth's electric field Pure Appl Geophys 84 1971 67 74
41. R.H. Harison The global atmospheric electrical circuit and climate Surveys in Geophys 25 2004 441 484
42. B.A. Tinsely Influence of solar wind on the global electric circuit, and inferred effects on cloud microphysics, temperature, and dynamics in the troposphere Space Sci Rev 94 2000 231 258
43. H. Dolezalek Discussion of the fundamental problem of atmospheric electricity Pure Appl Geophys 100 1972 8 43
44. V.V. Plotkin The ionosphere as a load on the global atmospheric electrical circuit Radiophys Quant Elect 35 1992 575 583
45. Kozima MA. A brief history of laser guided lightning discharge models and experiments. Project report no. PL-TR-94-2193, July 1994.
46. B. La Fontaine, D. Comptois, C.Y. Chien, A. Desparois, F. Gérin, and G. Jarry Guiding large spark discharge with ultrashort laser filaments J Appl Phys 88 2000 610
47. D. Koopman, and T.D. Wilkerson Channelling of an ionizing electrical streamer by a laser beam J Appl Phys 42 1971
48. T. Shindo, Y. Aihara, M. Miki, and T. Suzuki Model experiments of laser triggered lightning IEEE Trans Power Delivery 8 1993
49. X.M. Zhao, J.-C. Diels, C.Y. Wang, and J. Elizondo Femtosecond ultraviolet laser pulse induced electrical discharges in gases IEEE J Quant Electron 31 1995 599 612
50. G. Méjean, R. Ackermann, J. Kasparian, E. Salmon, J. Yu, and J.-P. Wolf Improved laser triggering and guiding of megavolt discharges with dual fs-ns pulses App Phys Lett 88 2006 021101 021103
51. V.A. Rakov, and M.A. Uman Lightning: physics and effects 2003 Cambridge University Press 687pp
52. UCAR. Windows to the Universe, at .
53. Thornhil W. Electric dust devils. Available on .