Climate change and security

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists

Volumn 64, Issue 2, 2008, Pages

  Scheffran, Jürgen ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 44049092463     PISSN: 00963402     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2968/064002007     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Climate Change 2007: Summary for Policy Makers. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
2. See H. J. Schellnhuber, W. Cramer, N. Nakicenovic, T. M. L. Wigley, and G. Yohe, eds., Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).
3. Timothy M. Lenton, Hermann Held, Elmar Kriegler, Jim W. Hall, Wolfgang Lucht, Stefan Rahmstorf, Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, "Tipping Elements in the Earth's Climate System," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 105, no. 6, pp. 1,786-93 (2008).
4. R. Schubert et al., Climate Change as a Security Risk (Berlin: German Advisory Council on Global Change WBGU, 2007).
5. David D. Zhang, Peter Brecke, Harry F. Lee, Yuan-Qing He, Jane Zhang, "Global Climate Change, War, and Population Decline in Recent Human History," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 104, 19,214-19.
6. Schubert et al., Climate Change as a Security Risk.
7. U.N. Development Program, "Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World," 2007.
8. Commission on Human Security, "Human Security Now," 2003.
9. Daniel Deudney, "Environment and Security: Muddled Thinking," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, May/June 1991, pp. 23-28;
10. Lothar Brock, "The Environment and Security: Conceptual and Theoretical Issues," in Nils Petter Gleditsch, ed., Conflict and the Environment (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997).
11. Thomas Homer-Dixon, "On the Thresh-old: Environmental Changes as Causes of Acute Conflict," International Security, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 76-116 (1991).
12. Seventy-three cases are described in A. Carius, D. Tänzler, and J. Winterstein, World Map of Environmental Conflicts [in German] (Berlin: Adelphi Consult GmbH, 2006).
13. Partial aspects of the causal relationship between security, conflict, and climate impacts were discussed in the earlier research literature: N. Brown, "Climate, Ecology and International Security," Survival, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 519-32 (1989);
14. R. Swart, "Security Risks of Global Environmental Changes," Global Environmental Change, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 187-92 (1999);
15. Jürgen Scheffran, "Conflict Potential of Energy-Related Environmental Changes: The Case of Global Warming," [in German] in Wolfgang Bender, ed., Verantwortbare Energieversorgung für die Zukunft (Darmstadt: Technische Universität Darmstadt, 1997), pp. 179-218;
16. A. Rahman, "Climate Change and Violent Conflicts," in Mohamed Suliman, ed., Ecology, Politics and Violent Conflict (London: Zed Books, 1999) pp. 181-210;
17. J. Barnett, "Security and Climate Change," Global Environmental Change, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 7-17, (2003).
18. W. Arnell, "Climate Change and Water Resources: A Global Perspective," in H. J. Schellnhuber et al., Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change, pp. 167-170.
19. Peter Gleick, "Effects of Climate Change on Shared Fresh Water Resources," in Irving Mintzer, ed., Confronting Climate Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993) pp. 127-40;
20. Kent Butts, "The Strategic Importance of Water," Parameters, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 65-83 (1997);
21. Manas Chatterji, Saul Arlosoroff, Gauri Guha, eds., Conflict Management of Water Resources (Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, 2002);
22. Sandra L. Postel, Aaron T. Wolf, "Dehydrating Conflict," Foreign Policy, September/October 2001, pp. 60-67.
23. Marc Levy, Catherine Thorkelson et al., "Freshwater Availability Anomalies and Outbreak of Internal War: Results from a Global Spatial Time Series Analysis," in the proceedings of international workshop "Human Security and Climate Change," held in Oslo, Norway, June 21-23, 2005.
24. J. Barnett, "Destabilising the Environment-Conflict Thesis," Review of International Studies, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 271-88 (2000).
25. Norman Myers, "Environmental Refugees: A Growing Phenomenon of the 21St Century," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, vol. 357, no. 1,420, pp. 609-13.
26. Kurt M. Campbell et al., The Age of Consequences: The Foreign Policy and National Security Implications of Global Climate Change (Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2007).
27. The CNA Corporation, "National Security and the Threat of Climate Change," 2007, available at securityandclimate.cna.org/report.
28. Campbell et al., The Age of Consequences.
29. Schubert et al., Climate Change as a Security Risk.
30. Mark Sandlow, "The Quest for National Security," San Francisco Chronicle, September 11, 2005.
31. Global Climate Change Security Oversight Act, Congressional Record, March 28, 2007 (Senate), pp. S4059-S4061; related is H. R. 1961, sponsored by Massachusetts Democratic Cong. Edward Markey. To date both bills are in the first step of the legislative process.
32. Dirk Ipsen, Roland Rösch, and Jürgen Scheffran, "Cooperation in Global Climate Policy: Potentialities and Limitations," Energy Policy, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 315-26 (2001).