Developments in the management of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 393-407

  Masoumi, Amirali ^a   Reed Gitomer, Berenice ^a   Kelleher, Catherine ^a   Bekheirnia, Mir Reza ^a   Schrier, Robert W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cerebral aneurysms; Hypertension; Left ventricular hypertrophy; Liver cysts; Renal pain

Indexed keywords

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; AMIKACIN; AMLODIPINE; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CAPTOPRIL; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLINDAMYCIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; ENALAPRIL; GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; INDIUM 111; NIMODIPINE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; NORFLOXACIN; OPIATE; PARACETAMOL;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; CHILD CARE; CHRONIC PAIN; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; CYST RUPTURE; CYSTITIS; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG DOSE INCREASE; FLANK PAIN; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE MASS; HEMATURIA; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM; KIDNEY FAILURE; KIDNEY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY; LIVER CYST; LOW BACK PAIN; MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; NEPHROLITHIASIS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; ONSET AGE; PROGNOSIS; PROTEINURIA; RACE DIFFERENCE; RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEX RATIO;

EID: 44049091438     PISSN: 11766336     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (145)

1. Anderson RJ, Miller PD, Linas SL, et al. 1979. Role of the renin-angiotensin system in hypertension of polycystic kidney disease. Mineral Electrolyte Metab, 2:137-41.
2. Anderson GA, Degroot D, Lawson RK. 1993. Polycystic renal disease. Urol, 42:358-64.
3. Bajwa ZH, Gupta S, Warfield CA, et al. 2001. Pain management in polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int, 60:1631-44.
4. Bajwa ZH, Sial KA, Malik AB, et al. 2004. Pain patterns in patients with polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int, 66:1561-9.
5. Bardaji A, Matinez-Vea A, Gutierrez C, et al. 1998. Left ventricular mass and diastolic function in normotensive young adults with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis, 32:970-5.
6. Barker FG II, Ogilvy CS. 1996. Efficacy of prophylactic nimodipine for delayed ischemic deficit after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a metaanalysis. J Neurosurg, 84:405-14.
7. Barry J, Teichman JM, Hulbert JC. 1998. Role and long term results of laparoscopic decortication in solitary cystic and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J Urol, 159:702-5.
8. Belz MM, Hughes RL, Kaehny WD, et al. 2001. Familial clustering of ruptured intracranial aneurysms in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis, 8:770-6.
9. Belz MM, Fick-Brosnahan GM, Hughes RL, et al. 2003. Recurrence of intracranial aneurysms in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int, 63:1824-30.
10. Bengtsson U, Hedman L, Svalander C. 1975. Adult type of polycystic kidney disease in a new-born child. Acta Med Scand, 197:447-50.
11. Bennett WM, Elzinga LW, Pulliam JP, et al. 1985. Cyst fluid antibiotic concentration in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis, 6:400-4.
12. Blyth H, Ockenden BG. 1971. Polycystic disease of kidney and liver presenting in childhood. J Med Genet, 8:257-84.
13. Brennan JW, Schwartz ML. 2000. Unruptured intracranial aneurysms: appraisal of the literature and suggested recommendations for surgery, using evidence-based medicine criteria. Neurosurgery, 47:1359-72.
14. Bretan PN Jr, Price DC, McClure RD. 1988. Localization of abscess in adult polycystic kidney by indium-111 leukocyte scan. Urology. 32:169-71.
15. Chapman AB, Thickman D, Gabow PA. 1990. Percutaneous cyst puncture in the treatment of cyst infection in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis, 16:252-5.
16. Chapman AB, Schrier RW. 1991. Pathogenesis of hypertension in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Semin Nephrol, 11:653-60.
17. Chapman AB, Rubinstein D, Hughes R, et al. 1991. Intracranial aneurysms in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. N Engl J Med, 327:916-20.
18. Chapman AB, Johnson AM, Gabow PA. 1993. Intracranial aneurysms in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: how to diagnose and who to screen. Am J Kidney Dis, 22:526-31.
19. Chapman AB, Johnson AM, Gabow PA, et al. 1994. Overt proteinuria and microalbuminuria in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol, 5:1349-54.
20. Chapman AB, Johnson AM, Rainguet S, et al. 1997. Left ventricular hypertrophy in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol, 8:1292-7.
21. Chapman AB, Guay-Woodford LM, Grantham JJ, et al. 2003. Renal structure in early autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD): The Consortium for Radiologic Imaging Studies of Polycystic Kidney Disease (CRISP) cohort. Kidney Int, 64:1035-45.
22. Chauveau D, Pirson Y, Verellen-Dumoulin C, et al. 1994. Intracranial aneurysms in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int, 45:1140-6.
23. Chauveau D, Grunfeld JP, Durand F, et al. 1997. Ascites in a polycystic patient. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 12:228-30.
24. Chen WC, Lee YH, Huang JK, et al. 1993. Experience using extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy to treat urinary calculi in problem kidneys. Urol Int, 51:32-8.
25. Chievink WI, Torres VE, Piepgras DG, et al. 1992. Saccular intracranial aneurysms in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol, 3:88-93.
26. D'Agata ID, Jonas MM, Perez-Atayde AR, et al. 1994. Combined cystic disease of the liver and kidney. Semin Liver Dis, 14:215-28.
27. Dalgaard DZ. 1957. Bilateral polycystic disease of the kidneys. A follow up of 284 patients and their families. Acta Med Scand, 328:12-33.
28. Daudon M, Cohen-Solal F, Lacour B, et al. 2003. Lithiases et anomalies des voies urinaires: la composition des calculs est-elle indépendante de l'anomalie anatomique? [Urinary stones and urinary tract abnormalities. Is the stone composition independent of the anatomical abnormality?] Prog Urol, 13:1320-9.
29. David CA, Vishteh AG, Spetzler RF, et al. 1999. Late angiographic follow-up review of surgically treated aneurysms. J Neurosurg, 91:396-401.
30. Delakas D, Daskalopoulos G, Cranidis A. 1997. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for urinary calculi in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J Endourol, 11:167-70.
31. Dimitrakov D, Simeonov S. 1994. Studies on nephrolithiasis in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Folia Med, 36:27-30.
32. Dionisio P, Caramello E, Bergia R, et al. 1995. Budd-Chiari syndrome following pretransplantation nephrectomy in an ADPKD patient with liver cysts. Contrib Nephrol, 115:163-6.
33. Dionisio P, Sessa A, Conte F, et al. 1997. Budd-Chiari syndrome following pretransplant mononephrectomy in an autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patient with liver cysts. Nephron, 75:109-11.
34. Dmitrewski J, Olliff S, Buckels JA. 1996. Obstructive jaundice associated with polycystic liver disease. HPB Surg, 10:117-20.
35. Ecder T, Edelstein CL, Chapman AB, et al. 1999. Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in hypertensive patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 14:1113-16.
36. Ecder T, Chapman AB, Brosnahan GM, et al. 2000. Effect of antihypertensive therapy on renal function and urinary albumin excretion in hypertensive patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. A J Kidney Dis, 35:427-32.
37. Ecder T, Schrier RW. 2001. Hypertension in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease: early occurrence and unique aspects. J Am Soc Nephrol, 12:194-200.
38. Ecder T, Edelstein CL, Fick-Brosnahan G, et al. 2001. Diuretics versus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol, 21:98-103.
39. Ecder T, Schrier RW. 2004. Hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 1477-9072.
40. Ecder T, Fick-Brosnahan G, Schrier RW. 2006. Polycystic kidney disease. In: Schrier RW ed. Diseases of the kidney and urinary tract, 8th edn. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
41. Elashry OM, Nakada SY, Wolf JS Jr, et al. 1996. Laparoscopy for adult polycystic kidney disease: A promising alternative. Am J Kidney Dis, 27:224-33.
42. Elles RG, Hodgkinson KA, Mallick NP, et al. 1994. Diagnosis of adult polycystic kidney disease by genetic markers and ultrasonograghy imaging in a voluntary family register. J Med Genet, 31:115-20.
43. Ettinger A, Kahn PC, Wise HM Jr. 1969. The importance of selective renal angiography in the diagnosis of polycystic disease. J Urol, 102:156-61.
44. Everson GT, Scherzinger A, Berger-Leff N, et al. 1988. Polycystic liver disease: Quantitation of parenchymal and cyst volumes from computed tomography images and clinical correlates of hepatic cysts. Hepatology, 8:1627-34.
45. Fick GM, Johnson AM, Strain JD, et al. 1993. Characteristics of very early onset autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol, 3:1863-70.
46. Fick GM, Duley IT, Johnson AM, et al. 1994. The spectrum of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in children. J Am Soc Nephrol, 4:1654-60.
47. Fick GM, Johnson AM, Hammond WS, et al. 1995. Causes of death in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol, 5:2048-56.
48. Fick GM, Tran ZV, Johnson AM, et al. 2001. Progression of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease in children. Kidney Int, 59:1654-62.
49. Fick-Brosnahan GM, Belz MM, McFann KK, et al. 2002. Relationship between renal volume growth and renal function in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a longitudinal study. Am J Kidney Dis, 39:1127-34.
50. Gabow PA. 1990. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease - more than a renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis, 16:403-13.
51. Gabow PA, Duley I, Johnson AM. 1992. Clinical profiles of gross hematuria in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis, 20:140-3.
52. Gabow PA, Chapman AB, Johnson AM, et al. 1990. Renal structure and hypertension in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int, 38:1177-80.
53. Gabow PA, Johnson AM, Kaehny WD, et al. 1990. Risk factors for the development of hepatic cysts in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Hepatology, 11:1033-7.
54. Gabow PA, Kimberling WJ, Strain JD, et al. 1997. Utility of ultrasonograghy in the diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in children. J Am Soc Nephrol, 8:105-10.
55. Gabow PA, Johnson AM, Kaehny WD, et al. 1992. Factors affecting the progression of renal disease in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int, 41:1311-19.
56. Gambaro G, Fabris A, Puliatta D, et al. 2006. Lithiasis in cystic kidney disease and malformations of the urinary tract. Urol Res, 34:102-7. Epub 2006 Jan 14.
57. Garel L, Sauvegrain J, Filiatrault D. 1983. Dominant polycystic disease of the kidney in a newborn child. Report of one case. Ann Radiol (Paris), 26:183-6.
58. Gibbs GF, Huston J 3rd, Qian Q, et al. 2004. Follow-up of intracranial aneurysms in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int, 65:1621-7.
59. Grampsas SA, Chandhoke PS, Fan J, et al. 2000. Anatomic and metabolic risk factors for nephrolithiasis in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis, 36:53-7.
60. Grantham JJ, Torres VE, Chapman AB, et al. 2006. Volume progression in polycystic kidney disease. N Engl J Med, 354:2122-30.
61. Grantham JJ, Torres VE, Chapman AB, et al. 2006. Volume progression in polycystic kidney disease. N Engl J Med, 354:2122-30.
62. Greenberg MS. 2000. SAH and aneurysms. In: Greenberg MS, ed. Handbook of neurosurgery. 5th ed. New York: Thieme Medical. p. 754-803.
63. Grunfeld JP, Albouze G, Jungers P, et al. 1985. Liver changes and complications in adult polycystic kidney disease. Adv Nephrol Necker Hosp, 14:1-20.
64. Harris PC, Bae KT, Rossetti S, et al. 2006. Cyst number but not the rate of cystic growth is associated with the mutated gene in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol, 17:3013-19. Epub 2006 Oct 11.
65. Henrich WL, Agodoa LE, Barrett B, et al. 1996. Analgesics and the kidney: summary and recommendations to the Scientific Advisory Board of the National Kidney Foundation from an Ad Hoc Committee of the National Kidney Foundation. Am J Kidney Dis, 27:162-5.
66. Hetherington JW, Philp MH 1986. Diclofenac sodium versus pethidine in acute renal colic. Br Med J, 292:237-8.
67. Hjelmesaeth J, Hartmann A. 1999. Insulin resistance in patients with adult polycystic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 14:2521-2.
68. Hossack KF, Leddy CL, Johnson AM, et al. 1988. Echocardiographic findings in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. N Engl J Med, 319:907-12.
69. Howard RJ, Hanson RF, Delaney JP. 1976. Jaundice associated with polycystic liver disease. Relief by surgical decompression of the cysts. Arch Surg, 111:816-17.
70. Hughes PD, Becker GJ. 2003. Screening for intracranial aneurysms in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton), 8(4):163-70.
71. Hutson J, Torres VE, Sullivan PP, et al. 1993. Value of magnetic resonance angiography for the detection of intracranial aneurysms in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol, 3:1871-7.
72. Ivy DD, Shaffer EM, Johnson AM, et al. 1995. Cardiovascular abnormalities in children with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol, 5:2032-6.
73. Johnson AM, Gabow PA. 1997. Identification of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease at highest risk for endstage renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol, 8:1560-7.
74. Johnston SC, Dudley RA, Gress DR, et al. 1999. Surgical and endovascular treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms at university hospitals. Neurology, 52:1799-805.
75. Johnston SC, Selvin S, Gress DR. 1998. The burden, trends, and demographics of mortality from subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology, 50:1413-18.
76. Johnston SC, Wilson CB, Halbach VV, et al. 2000. Endovascular and surgical treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms: comparison of risks. Ann Neurol, 48:11-19.
77. Johnston SC, Zhao S, Dudley RA, et al. 2001. Treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms in California. Stroke, 32:597-605.
78. Jones DB. 1974. Arterial and glomerular lesions associated with severe hypertension. Light and electron microscopic studies. Lab Invest, 31:303-13.
79. Juvela S, Porras M, Poussa K. 2000. Natural history of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: probability of and risk factors for aneurysm rupture. J Neurosurg, 93:379-87.
80. Kabbej M, Sauvanet A, Chauveau D, et al. 1996. Laparoscopic fenestration in polycystic liver disease. Br J Surg, 83:1697-701.
81. Kaye C, Lewy PR. 1974. Congenital appearance of adult-type (autosomal dominant) polycystic kidney disease. J Pediatr, 85:807-10.
82. Kelleher CL, McFann KK, Johnson AM, et al. 2004. Characteristics of hypertension in young adults with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens, 17:1029-34.
83. Kimberling WJ, Kumar S, Gabow PA, et al. 1993. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: Localization of the second gene to chromosome 4q13-q23. Genomics, 18:467-72.
84. Kouskouras C, Charitanti A, Giavroglou C, et al. 2004. Intracranial aneurysms: evaluation using CTA and MRA: correlation with DSA and intraoperative findings. Neuroradiology, 46:842-50.
85. Kwok CG, McDougall IR. 1996. Persistent fever in a patient with polycystic kidney and liver diseases and bilateral hip prostheses. J Nucl Med, 37:2062-5.
86. Leier CV, Baker PB, Kilman JW, et al. 1984. Cardiovascular abnormalities associated with adult polycystic kidney disease. Ann Intern Med, 100:683-8.
87. Lembo G, Napoli R, Capaldo B, et al. 1992. Abnormal sympathetic over activity evoked by insulin in the skeletal muscle of patients with essential hypertension. J Clin Invest, 90:24-9.
88. Leoncini G, Sacchi G, Ravera M, et al. 2002. Microalbuminuria is an integrated marker of sub-clinical organ damage in primary hypertension. J Hum Hypertens, 16:79-89. Review.
89. Leoncini G, Viazzi F, et al. 2002. Microalbuminuria identifies overall cardiovascular risk in essential hypertension: an artificial neural network-based approach. J Hypertens, 20:1315-21.
90. Levine E, Cook LT, Grantham JJ. 1985. Liver cysts in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease: clinical and computed tomographic study. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 145:229-33.
91. Levine E, Grantham JJ. 1992. Calcified renal stones and cyst calcifications in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: clinical and CT study in 84 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 159:77-81.
92. Loghman-Adham M, Soto CE, Inagami T, et al. 2004. The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 287:F775-88.
93. Lumiaho A, Pihlajamaki J, Hartikainen J, et al. 2003. Insulin resistance is related to left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with polycystic kidney disease type 1. Am J Kidney Dis, 41:1219-24.
94. Martinez-Vea A, Bardaji A, Gutierrez C, et al. 1999. Echocardiographic evaluation in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis, 34:264-72.
95. Martinez-Vea A, Valero FA, Bardaji, et al. 2000. A Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: influence of blood pressure and humoral and neurohormonal factors. Am J Nephrol, 20:193-200.
96. Matoba M, Tonami H, Kuginuki M, et al. 2004. Intermittent hepatic artery antibiotic infusion therapy for pyogenic hepatic abscess. Acta Radiol, 45:13-17.
97. Mcdonald RA, Watkins SL, Avner ED, 1999. Polycystic kidney disease in Pediatric Nephrology, 4th ed. Edited by Barratt TM, Avner ED, Harmon W, Baltimore, Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. p. 459-74.
98. McIntire SC, Rubenstein RC, Gartner JC, et al. 1993. Acute flank pain and reversible renal dysfunction associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. Pediatrics, 92:459-63.
99. Milutinovic J, Fialkow PJ, Rudd TG, et al. 1980. Liver cysts in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Med, 68:741-4.
100. Milutinovic J, Fialkow PJ, Agodoa LY, et al. 1984. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: Symptoms and clinical findings. Q J Med, 53:511-22.
101. Milutinovic J, Fialkow PJ, Agodoa LY, et al. 1990. Clinical manifestations of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in patients older than 50 years. Am J Kidney Dis, 15:237-43.
102. Misra A, Loyalka P, Alva F. 1999. Portal hypertension due to extensive hepatic cysts in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. South Med J, 92:626-7.
103. Newman KD, Torres VE, Rakela J, et al. 1990. Treatment of highly symptomatic polycystic liver disease. Preliminary experience with a combined hepatic resection-fenestration procedure. Ann Surg, 212:30-7.
104. Nicolau C, Torra R, Badenas C, et al. 1999. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease types 1 and 2: assessment of US sensitivity for diagnosis. Radiology, 213:273-6.
105. O'Neill WC, Robbin ML, Bae KT, et al. 2005. Sonographic assessment of the severity and progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: the Consortium of Renal Imaging Studies in Polycystic Kidney Disease (CRISP). Am J Kidney Dis, 46:1058-64.
106. Oosterlinck W, Philip NH, Charig C, et al. 1990. A double blind single dose comparison of intramuscular ketorolac, tromethamine and pethidine in the treatment of renal colic. J Clin Pharmacol, 30:336-41.
107. Ordan GH, Babcock NC, Mocnik JJ, et al. 1983. Pain control following renal infarction/ablation using continuous epidural combined anesthesia/ analgesia. J Urol, 130:861-2.
108. PKD Foundation 2000, Polycystic Kidney Disease: The Most Common Life-Threatening Genetic Disease; Kansas City, Polycystic Kidney Research Foundation.
109. Pontremoli R, Leoncini G, Ravera M, et al. 2002. Microalbuminuria, cardiovascular, and renal risk in primary hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol, 13:S169-72.
110. Pretorius DH, Lee ME, Manco-Johnson ML, et al. 1987. Diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in utero and in the young infant. J Ultrasound Med, 6:249-55.
111. Que F, Nagorney DM, Gross JB Jr, et al. 1995. Liver resection and cyst fenestration in the treatment of severe polycystic liver disease. Gastroenterology, 108:487-94.
112. Rinkel GJE, Djibuti M, Algra A, et al. 1998. Prevalence and risk of rupture of intracranial aneurysms: a systemic review. Stroke, 29:251-6.
113. Rocchini AP, Moorehead C, DeRemer S, et al. 1990. Hyperinsulinemia and the aldosterone and pressor responses to angiotensin II. Hypertension, 15:861-6.
114. Rovitch L, Lerman PH, Drabkin J. 1976. Ruptured renal cysts in polycystic disease. Urol, 7:60-1.
115. Runfeld JP, Albouze G, Jungers P, et al. 1985. Liver changes and complications in adult polycystic kidney disease. Adv Nephrol Necker Hosp, 14:1-20.
116. Schievink WI. 1997. Intracranial aneurysms. N Engl J Med, 336:28-40. Erratum, N Engl J Med, 336:1267.
117. Schrier RW, McFann K, Johnson A, et al. 2002. Cardiac and renal effects of standard versus rigorous blood pressure control in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: Results of a seven-year prospective randomized study. J Am Soc Nephrol, 13:1733-9.
118. Schrier RW, McFann KK, Johnson AM. 2003. Epidemiological study of kidney survival in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int, 63:678-85.
119. Schrier RW, Johnson AM, McFann K, et al. 2003. The role of parental hypertension in the frequency and age of onset of hypertension in offspring with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int, 64:1792-9.
120. Schrier RW, Belz MM, Johnson AM, et al. 2004. Repeat imaging for intracranial aneurysms in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with initially negative studies: a prospective ten-year follow-up. J Am Soc Nephrol, 15:1023-8.
121. Sedman A, Bell P, Manco-Johnson M, et al. 1987. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in childhood: a longitudinal study. Kidney Int, 31:1000-5.
122. Shamshirsaz AA, Bekheirnia MR, Kamgar M, et al. 2005. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in infancy and childhood: Progression and outcome. Kidney Int, 68:2218-24.
123. Sherstha R, McKinley C, Russ P, et al. 1997. Postmenopausal estrogen therapy selectively stimulates hepatic enlargement in women with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Hepatology, 26:1282-6.
124. Simonetti G, Profili S, Sergiacomi GL, et al. 1993. Percutaneous treatment of hepatic cysts by aspiration and sclerotherapy. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 16:81-4.
125. Singh I, Mehrotra G. 2006. Selective ablation of symptomatic dominant renal cysts using 99% ethanol in adult polycystic kidney disease. Urology, 68:482-7; discussion 487-8.
126. Sklar AH, Caruana RJ, Lamers JE, et al. 1987. Renal infections in patients with adult polycystic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis, 10:81-8.
127. Sulikowski T, Kaminski M, Rozanski J, et al. 2006. Laparoscopic removal of renal cysts in patients with ADPKD as an alternative method of treatment and patient preparation for kidney transplantation: preliminary results. Transplant Proc, 38:23-7.
128. Sweet R, Keane WF. 1979. Perinephric abscess in patients with polycystic kidney disease undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Nephron, 23:237-40.
129. Taitz LS, Brown CB, Blank CE, et al. 1987. Screening for polycystic kidney disease: importance of clinical presentation in the newborn. Arch Dis Child, 62:45-9.
130. Taylor M, Johnson AM, Tison M, et al. 2005. Earlier diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: importance of family history and implications for cardiovascular and renal complications. Am J Kidney Dis, 46:415-23.
131. Telenti A, Torres VE, Gross JB Jr, et al. 1990. Hepatic cyst infection in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Mayo Clin Proc, 65:933-42.
132. The International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms Investigators. 1998. Unruptured intracranial aneurysms - risk of rupture and risks of surgical intervention. N Engl J Med, 339:1725-33.
133. Timio M, Monarca C, Pede S, et al. 1992. The spectrum of cardiovascular abnormalities in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a 10-year follow-up in a five-generation kindred. Clin Nephrol, 37:245-51.
134. Torres VE, Donovan KA, Scicli G, et al. 1992. Synthesis of renin by tubulocystic epithelium in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int, 42:364-73.
135. Torres VE, Erickson SB, Smith LH, et al. 1988. The association of nephrolithiasis and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis, 11:318-25.
136. Torres VE, Rastogi S, King BF, et al. 1994. Hepatic venous outflow obstruction in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol, 5:1186-92.
137. Torres VE, Wilson DM, Burnett JC, et al. 1991. Effect of inhibition of converting on renal hemodynamics and sodium enzyme management in polycystic kidney disease. Mayo Clin Proc, 66:1010-17.
138. Torres VE, Wilson DM, Hattery RR, et al. 1993. Renal stone disease in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis, 22:513-19.
139. van Sonnenberg E, Wroblicka JT, D'Agostino HB, et al. 1994. Symptomatic hepatic cysts: Percutaneous drainage and sclerosis. Radiology. 190:387-92.
140. Wan SK, Cochlin DL. 1990. Sonographic and computed tomographic features of polycystic disease of the liver. Gastrointest Radiol, 15:310-12.
141. Watson ML, Macnicol AM, Allan PL, et al. 1992. Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in adult polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int, 41:206-10.
142. White PM, Teasdale EM, Wardlaw JM, et al. 2001. Intracranial aneurysms: CT angiography and MR angiography for detection prospective blinded comparison in a large patient cohort. Radiology, 219:739-49.
143. Wiebers DO, Whisnant JP, Huston J III, et al. 2003. Unruptured intracranial aneurysms: natural history, clinical outcome, and risks of surgical and endovascular treatment. Lancet, 362:103-10.
144. Wijdicks EF, Kallmes DF, Manno EM, et al. 2005. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: neurointensive care and aneurysm repair. Mayo Clin Proc, 80:550-9.
145. Yang GS, Li QG, Lu JH, et al. 2004. Combined hepatic resection with fenestration for highly symptomatic polycystic liver disease: A report on seven patients. World J Gastroenterol, 10:2598-601.