The national insurance acts 1911-1947, the approved Societies and the prudential assurance company

Twentieth Century British History

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 1-28

  Heller, Michael ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; HISTORY; INSURANCE; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PUBLIC HEALTH; UNITED KINGDOM;

GREAT BRITAIN; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; INSURANCE CARRIERS; INSURANCE, LIFE; NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS; PRIVATE SECTOR;

EID: 43449098870     PISSN: 09552359     EISSN: 14774674     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/tcbh/hwm032     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. For details of the scheme see the British Library, Parliamentary Papers (hereafter PP), Cmd 2596, xiv, 311, 1926, Royal Commission on National Health Insurance.
2. See also Bentley B. Gilbert, British Social Policy 1914-1939 (London, 1970), 255-7.
3. Glyn Carpenter, 'National Health Insurance: A Case Study in the Use of Private Non-Profit Making Organizations in the Provision of Welfare Benefits', Public Administration, 62 (1984), 71-89.
4. Simon Cordery, British Friendly Societies 1750-1914 (New York, 2003).
5. See also Timothy Alborn, 'Senses of Belonging: The Politics of Working-Class Insurance in Britain, 1880-14', Journal of Modern History, 73 (2001), 561-602
6. and Dan Weinberg and Bob James, 'Getting a Grip: The Roles of Friendly Societies in Australia and Britain Reappraised', Labour History [Australia], 88 (2005), 87-103.
7. For an account of the entrance of insurance companies into the National Insurance Act see Bentley Gilbert, 'The British National insurance Act of 1911 and the Commercial Insurance Lobby', Journal of British Studies, 4 (1965), 127-48.
8. Frank Honigsbaum, Health, Happiness, and Security: The Creation of the National Health Service (London, 1989)
9. Report of the Royal Commission on National Health Insurance (1926), 'Minority Report', The British Library, PP, Cmd 6404, 1942, Social Insurance and Allied Services.
10. Gilbert, 'The British National Insurance Act of 1911';
11. Gilbert, British Social Policy;
12. Honigsbaum, Health, Happiness, and Security.
13. Noel Whiteside, 'Private Agencies for Public Purposes: Some New Perspectives on Policy Making in National Health Insurance Before the Wars', Journal of Social Policy, 12 (1983), 165-94.
14. See also Frank Honigsbaum, 'The Interwar Health Insurance Scheme: A Rejoinder', Journal of Social Policy, 12 (1983), 515-24.
15. M. Gorsky, J. Mohan and T. Willis, 'Hospital Contributory Schemes and the NHS Debate 1937-46: The Rejection of Social Insurance in the British Welfare State?', Twentieth Century British History, 16 (2005), 170-92.
16. For histories of the company see Prudential Assurance Company, A Century of Service. The Story of the Prudential, 1848-1948 (London, 1948),
17. Laurie Dennett, A Sense of Security: 150 Years of Prudential (Cambridge, 1998).
18. See also Ellen Jordan, 'The Lady Clerks of the Prudential: The Beginning of Vertical Segregation by Sex in Clerical Work in Nineteenth-Century Britain', Gender and History, 8 (1996), 65-81.
19. For an outline of industrial insurance in this period see The British Library, PP, Cmd 4376, xiii, 1933, Committee on Industrial Assurance and Assurance on the Lives of Children Under Ten Years of Age Report.
20. Dennett, A Sense of Security, 108.
21. See information sheet prepared by Prudential Group Archives.
22. Reproduced by kind permission of Prudential plc.
23. Prudential Group Archives (hereafter PGA), The Prudential Bulletin 'The Man From the Prudential', March 1936, 3180.
24. Dennett, A Sense of Security, chapter 14.
25. See front cover of Daily Mail, 3 January 1929.
26. PGA, The Prudential Bulletin, 'National Health Insurance', July 1926, 1013-18.
27. See also PGA MS-303, The Prudential Approved Societies Minutes Books.
28. PGA, The Prudential Bulletin, August 1921, 169
29. and The Prudential Bulletin, April 1947, 16.
30. For statistics on membership of approved societies see PP, 1942, Social Insurance and Allied Services, 26.
31. PGA, The Prudential Bulletin, April 1947, 16.
32. Honigsbaum, Health, Happiness, and Security, 5.
33. PGA Prudential Approved Societies Minute Books, 14 March 1926, 7 July 1926, 1 February 1928.
34. Gilbert, 'The British National Insurance Act of 1911'.
35. The National Archives: Public Records Office (TNA: PRO) PIN 4/196, Royal Commission on National Health, 'Evidence Submitted on Behalf of The National Conference of Industrial Assurance Approved Societies'.
36. Widow's, Orphan's, and Old Age Contributory Pensions Bill, Order by Second Reading, Hansard (House of Commons Debates), 185, 18 May 1925, 115.
37. See PGA, The Prudential Bulletin, 'National Health Insurance', July 1926, 1013 and PP, 1942, 35.
38. pp, 1942, 32.
39. Ibid., 72-6.
40. PGA MS-1700, Prudential Documents on the Beveridge Report, 'The Case for the Retention of Approved Societies', February 1943, 2.
41. PGA MS-303, 'Prudential Approved Societies Minute Books', 3 February 1926.
42. PGA, The Prudential Bulletin, 'Efficiency in National Health Insurance Work', August 1924, 658.
43. PGA MS-1700, Prudential Documents on the Beveridge Report, Case for the Retention of Approved Societies, February 1943, 15.
44. Interview with Hyman Kaye at his home, 3 April 2006.
45. David Aaker, Building Strong Brands (London, 2002), 22.
46. PGA, The Prudential Bulletin, April 1921, 117.
47. Roland Marchand, Creating the Corporate Soul: The Rise of Public Relations and Corporate Imagery in American Big Business (Berkeley, 1998).
48. Ibid., chapter 1.
49. Dennett, A Sense of Security, 179-84.
50. John Bull, 25 March 1911, 'The Prudential Assurance Company - I. Some of its Methods Unmasked - How Business is Secured', 454-5,
51. and Ibid., 1 April 1911, 'The Prudential Assurance Company - II Uninsurable interests - instances of illegal Insurance - Widespread Concern at Our Revelations', 502-3.
52. T©he British Library. All Rights Reserved John Bull LD 116.
53. The articles which ran for several months were later collected together and published and sold in a pamphlet. See John Bull, 23 September 1911.
54. Dennett, A Sense of Security, 183.
55. John Bull, 27 February 1926.
56. Gilbert, British Social Policy, 279
57. PGA The Prudential Bulletin, January 1929, sipplement on free policies.
58. PP, Report of Committee on Industrial Assurrance, 1926, 41.
59. PP, 1934, Committee on Industrial Assurance and Assurance on the Lives of Children Under Ten Years of Age.
60. See The Listener, 17 October 1934, 'Worker's Insurance', and typescript of the interview in Ibid., 31 October 1934, 'Industrial Assurance: A Broadcast Discussion between Sir Arnold Wilson, M.P. and Sir Joseph Burn'.
61. PGA, The Prudential Bulletin Auguast 1925, 824-6.
62. PGA MS-1910, Publicity Department Booklets.
63. Ibid.
64. For a summary of developments in medicine and national health over the period see Steven Cherry, Medical Services and the Hospitals in Britain, 1860-1939 (Cambridge, 1996).
65. PGA, The Prudential Bulletin, Editorial, 'The Day's Good Deed', August 1921, 169.
66. Ibid., April 1921, 'Enjoy Your job", 115.
67. Oliver Zunz, Making America Corporate, 1870 1920 (London, 1990).
68. Ibid., 99.
69. PGA, The Prudential Bulletin, September 1923, 'The Prudential and Medical Research', 481.
70. Ibid., March 1934, 'Annual General Business Convenience', 2418.
71. Prudential Assurance Company, A Century of Service.
72. See Aaker, Building Strong Brands; Kevin Keller, Strategic brand Management, 2nd edn (New Jersey, 2003)
73. Leslie de Chernatony and Malcolm McDonald, Creating Power Brands, 3rd edn (Oxford, 2003).
74. David Aaker, Managing Brand Equity (New York, 1991).
75. B. B. Gardner and S. J. Levy, 'The Product and the Brand', Harvard Business Review, 33 (1955), 33-9.
76. S. King 'Developing the Brand', Advertising Quarterly (1970), 6-14.
77. See Robert Fitzgerald, 'Rowntree and Market Strategy 1897 1938', Business and Economic History, 18 (1989), 45-58
78. T. A. B. Corley, 'Consumer Market in Britain, 191-460', Business History, 4 (1987), 65-83
79. and Paul Duguid, 'Developing the Brand: The Case of Alcohol, 1800-1880', Enterprise und Society, 4 (2003), 405-41.
80. See also Roy Church and Andrew Godley (eds), The Emergence of Modern Marketing (London, 2003).
81. See Mathew Hilton, Consumerism in Twentieth Century Britain: The Search for an Historical Moment (Cambridge, 2006).
82. See also John Benson, The Rise of Consumer Society in Britain, 1889-1980 (London, 1994).
83. PGA, The Prudential Bulletin, 'The Prudential Company and the Approved Societies', November 1944, 55.
84. PGA, The Prudential Bulletin, 'Praise From Ireland', October 1920, 64.
85. PGA MS-1700, Prudential Documents on the Beveridge Report, 'National Insurance and Approved Societies', June 1945.
86. See also The Prudential Bulletin, February 1943, 'The Industrial Life Offices and the Beveridge Report', 51-9.
87. Ibid., Approved Societies Valuation Results', July 1926, 1001.
88. Gilbert, British Social Policy, 257.
89. TNA: PRO PIN 4/196, Royal Commission on National Health insurance, 'Evidence Submitted on Behalf of The National Conference of Industrial Assurance Approved Societies'.
90. See also PGA, The Prudential Bulletin, June 1934, 'Prudential Approved Societies Annual General Meeting', 2522-3.
91. PGA Prudential Stores Department Memoranda, Vol. 3, 17 July 1925.
92. See also Whiteside, 'Private Agencies for Public Purposes'.
93. See Cees B. M. van Riel and John B. T. Balme, 'Corporate Identity: The Concept, its Measurement and Management', European Journal of Marketing, 31 (1997), 340-355.
94. PGA, The Prudential Bulletin, Jul 1924, 'Our Life Boat', 645.
95. Zunz, Making America Corporate, 98-101.
96. Ibid., 97.
97. Interview with Hyman Kaye at his home, 24 October 2005.
98. The Listener, 31 October 1934, 729-30.
99. Interview with Hyman Kaye at his home, 3 April 2006.
100. Widow's, Orphan's, and Old Age Contributory Pensions Bill, Order by Second Reading, Hansard (House of Commons Debates), 185, 18 May 1925, 115.
101. PGA, The Prudential Bulletin, Supplement, 18 March 1948, 'Cessation of Approved Societies Remuneration to Field Staff'.
102. Whiteside, 'Private Agencies for Public Purposes', 174.
103. PGA MS-1700, Prudential Documents on the Beveridge Report, 'The Beveridge Report: Preliminary Observations or the industrial Life Offices", December 1942, 4.
104. Honigsbaum, Health, Happiness and Security, 192-6, 206.
105. Jose Harris, 'Political thought and the Welfare State 1870-1940: An intellectual Framework for British Social Policy', Past and Present 135 (1992), 116.
106. John Stewart, 'Ideology and Process in the Creation of the British National Health Service', Journal of Social Policy, 14 (2002), 113-34.
107. PP 1926, 118-9.
108. PGA, MS-1700, Prudential Documents on the Beveridge Report, 'Case for the Retention of Approved Societies', February 1943, 17.
109. PGA, The Prudential Bulletin, April 1946, 'Annual General Meeting', 29.
110. Whiteside, 'Private Agencies for Public Purposes', 166.
111. PGA, The Prudential Bulletin, November 1944, 'The Prudential Assurance Company and Approved Societies', 55.
112. Kenneth Lipartito, 'The Utopian Corporation', in Kenneth Lipartito and David B. Sicilia (eds), Constructing Corporate America History, Politics, Culture (Oxford, 2004).
113. Ibid., 96.
114. Peter Drucker, Post-Capitalist Society (New York, 1993), 49.
115. See Lance Moir, 'What do we Mean by Corporate Social Responsibility', Corporate Governance, 1 (2001), 16-22.
116. Lipartito and Sicilia (eds), Constructing Corporate America, Introduction.