Aripiprazole: A review of its use in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder

Drugs

Volumn 64, Issue 15, 2004, Pages 1715-1736

  Harrison, Tracy Swainston ^a   Perry, Caroline M ^a  

^a ADIS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Abilitat; Ability; Acute relapse; Aripiprazole; Atypical antipsychotic; Dopamine system stabiliser; Maintenance phase; Neuroleptic; OPC 14597; Pharmacodynamics; Pharmacokinetics; Schizoaffective disorder; Schizophrenia; Therapeutic use; Tolerability

Indexed keywords

ARIPIPRAZOLE; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE; CYTOCHROME P450 2D6; CYTOCHROME P450 3A4; CYTOCHROME P450 INHIBITOR; DEXTROMETHORPHAN; DOPAMINE 2 RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; DOPAMINE 2 RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; DRUG METABOLITE; FAMOTIDINE; FLUOXETINE; HALOPERIDOL; KETOCONAZOLE; LITHIUM; LORAZEPAM; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; NEUROTRANSMITTER RECEPTOR; OLANZAPINE; OMEPRAZOLE; OPC 14857; PAROXETINE; PERPHENAZINE; QUINIDINE; QUINOLINE DERIVATIVE; RISPERIDONE; SEROTONIN 1A AGONIST; SEROTONIN 2A ANTAGONIST; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALPROATE SEMISODIUM; WARFARIN;

AGITATION; AKATHISIA; ANXIETY; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITION; CONSTIPATION; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS; DISEASE SEVERITY; DIZZINESS; DYSLIPIDEMIA; DYSPEPSIA; EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOM; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; HEADACHE; HUMAN; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; INSOMNIA; LEARNING; META ANALYSIS; NAUSEA; NERVOUSNESS; NONHUMAN; PSYCHOSIS; QT PROLONGATION; RECEPTOR BINDING; RELAPSE; REVIEW; SCHIZOAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSIS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SOMNOLENCE; TARDIVE DYSKINESIA; TITRIMETRY; TREMOR; VOMITING; WEIGHT GAIN;

ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; CLINICAL TRIALS; HUMANS; METABOLIC CLEARANCE RATE; PIPERAZINES; PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS; QUINOLONES; RECEPTORS, NEUROTRANSMITTER; SCHIZOPHRENIA; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 4344714861     PISSN: 00126667     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200464150-00010     Document Type: Review

References (88)

1. World Health Organization. Schizophrenia [online]. Available from URL: http://www.who.int/mental_health/schizophrenia/ [Accessed 2004 Jan 15]
2. Meltzer HY. Outcome in schizophrenia: beyond symptom reduction. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60 Suppl. 3: 3-7
3. McElroy SL, Keck Jr PE, Strakowski SM. An overview of the treatment of schizoaffective disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60 Suppl. 5: 16-21
4. American Psychiatric Association. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Second edition [on-line]. Available from URL: http://www.psych.org [Accessed 2004 Mar 25]
5. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Schizophrenia: core interventions in the treatment and management of schizophrenia in primary and secondary care. Clinical Guideline 1. London: National Institute for Clinical Excellence, 2002 Dec
6. Baethge C. Long-term treatment of schizoaffective disorder: review and recommendations. Pharmacopsychiatry 2003; 36 (2): 45-56
7. Tandon R, Jibson MD. Efficacy of newer generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003; 28 Suppl. 1: 9-26
8. Citrome L, Volavka J. Atypical antipsychotics: revolutionary or incremental advance? Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 2002; 2 (1): 69-88
9. Keltner NL, Johnson V. Biological perspectives. Aripiprazole: a third generation of antipsychotics begins? Perspect Psychiatr Care 2002 Oct-Dec; 38 (4): 157-9
10. McGavin JK, Goa KL. Aripiprazole. CNS Drugs 2002; 16 (11): 779-86; discussion 787-8
11. 2 receptor antagonistic activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995 Jul; 274 (1): 329-36
12. Shapiro DA, Renock S, Arrington E, et al. Aripiprazole, a novel atypical antipsychotic drug with a unique and robust pharmacology. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003 Aug; 28 (8): 1400-11
13. Burris KD, Molski TF, Xu C, et al. Aripiprazole, a novel antipsychotic, is a high-affinity partial agonist at human dopamine D2 receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002 Jul; 302 (1): 381-9
14. Inoue T, Domae M, Yamada K, et al. Effects of the novel antipsychotic agent 7-(4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl] butyloxy)-3,4-dihydro -2(1H)-quinolinone (OPC-14597) on prolactin release from the rat anterior pituitary gland. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996 Apr; 277 (1): 137-43
15. McQuade R, Burris KD, Jordan S, et al. Aripiprazole: a dopamine-serotonin system stabilizer [abstract no. P.3.W.080]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2002 Jun; 5 Suppl. 1: S176. Plus poster presented at the 23rd Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2002 Jun 23-27; Montreal
16. McQuade R, Burris KD, Jordan S, et al. Aripiprazole: a dopamine-serotonin system stabilizer [abstract no. P.3.W.080]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2002 Jun; 5 Suppl. 1: S176. Plus poster presented at the 23rd Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2002 Jun 23-27; Montreal
17. Lawler CP, Prioleau C, Lewis MM, et al. Interactions of the novel antipsychotic aripiprazole (OPC-14597) with dopamine and serotonin receptor subtypes. Neuropsychopharmacology 1999 Jun; 20 (6): 612-27
18. Yocca FD, Kikuchi T. The next generation antipsychotic aripiprazole inhibits the conditioned avoidance response and apomorphine stereotypy in rats [abstract no. 347]. Biol Psychiatry 2003 Apr 15; 53 Suppl.: 122S-3S
19. Fujikawa M, Nagashima M, Inoue T, et al. Partial agonistic effects of OPC-14597, a potential antipsychotic agent, on yawning behavior in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1996 Apr; 53 (4): 903-9
20. 2 receptor following repeated treatment in the rat striatum. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 321 (1): 105-11
21. 1A receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2002 Apr 26; 441 (3): 137-40
22. Mallikaarjan S, Salazar DE, Bramer SL. Time of dosing and food effects on aripiprazole pharmacokinetics [abstract no. NR564 plus poster]. American Psychiatric Association 2003 Annual Meeting: New Research Abstracts; 2003 May 17-22; San Francisco, 211
23. 11C] raclopride. Neuropsychopharmacology 2002 Aug; 27 (2): 248-59
24. Bristol-Myers Squibb Company and Otsuka America Pharmaceutical Inc. Abilify™ (aripiprazole) tablets prescribing information [online]. Available from URL: http://www.abilify.com [Accessed 2004 Apr 15]
25. Sugiyama A, Satoh Y, Hashimoto K. In vivo canine model comparison of cardiohemodynamic and electrophysiological effects of a new antipsychotic drug aripiprazole (OPC-14597) to haloperidol. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2001 Jun 1; 173 (2): 120-8
26. Gründer G, Carlsson A, Wong DF. Mechanism of new antipsychotic medications: occupancy is not just antagonism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003 Oct; 60 (10): 974-7
27. Lieberman JA. Dopamine partial agonists: a new class of antipsychotic. CNS Drugs 2004; 18 (4): 251-67
28. Stahl SM. Dopamine system stabilizers, aripiprazole, and the next generation of antipsychotics, part 2: illustrating their mechanism of action. J Clin Psychiatry 2001 Dec; 62 (12): 923-4
29. Stahl SM. Dopamine system stabilizers, aripiprazole, and the next generation of antipsychotics, part 1: 'Goldilocks' actions at dopamine receptors. J Clin Psychiatry 2001 Nov; 62 (11): 841-2
30. Amano T, Matsubayashi H, Momiyama T, et al. Antagonizing effects of a novel antipsychotic quinolinone derivative (OPC-14597) on dopaminergic inhibition of neuronal activities in the nucleus accumbens. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1995 Jan; 19 (1): 105-16
31. Matsubayashi H, Amano T, Sasa M. Inhibition by aripiprazole of dopaminergic inputs to striatal neurons from substantia nigra. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1999 Sep; 146 (2): 139-43
32. Momiyama T, Amano T, Todo N, et al. Inhibition by a putative antipsychotic quinolinone derivative (OPC-14597) of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Eur J Pharmacol 1996 Aug 22; 310 (1): 1-8
33. Nakai S, Hirose T, Uwahodo Y, et al. Diminished catalepsy and dopamine metabolism distinguish aripiprazole from haloperidol or risperidone. Eur J Pharmacol 2003 Jul 4; 472 (1-2): 89-97
34. Mallikaarjun S, Salazar DE, Bramer SL. Pharmacokinetics, tolerability, and safety of aripiprazole following multiple oral dosing in normal healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 2004; 44 (2): 179-87
35. Citrome L, Josiassen R, Bark N, et al. Pharmacokinetics and safety of aripiprazole and concomitant mood stabilizers [abstract no. P.4.E.035]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2002 Jun; 5 Suppl. 1: S187. Plus poster presented at the 23rd Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2002 Jun 23-27; Montreal
36. Citrome L, Josiassen R, Bark N, et al. Pharmacokinetics and safety of aripiprazole and concomitant mood stabilizers [abstract no. P.4.E.035]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2002 Jun; 5 Suppl. 1: S187. Plus poster presented at the 23rd Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2002 Jun 23-27; Montreal
37. Bramer SL, Shoaf S, Salazar DE, et al. Renal and hepatic impairment of the pharmacokinetics of aripiprazole [abstract no. NR548 plus poster]. American Psychiatric Association 2003 Annual Meeting: New Research Abstracts; 2003 May 17-22; San Francisco, 205
38. Mallikaarjun S, Ali MW, Salazar DE, et al. The effects of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of aripiprazole [abstract no. TPII-90]. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002 Feb; 71 (2): 66
39. Pigott TA, Carson WH, Saha AR, et al. Aripiprazole for the prevention of relapse in stablized patients with chronic schizophrenia: a placebo-controlled 26-week study. J Clin Psychiatry 2003 Sep; 64 (9): 1048-56
40. Cornblatt B, Kern RS, Carson WH, et al. Neurocognitive effects of aripiprazole versus olanzapine in stable psychosis [abstract no. P.4.E.027]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2002 Jun; 5 Suppl. 1: 185-186. Plus poster presented at the 23rd Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2002 Jun 23-27; Montreal
41. Cornblatt B, Kern RS, Carson WH, et al. Neurocognitive effects of aripiprazole versus olanzapine in stable psychosis [abstract no. P.4.E.027]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2002 Jun; 5 Suppl. 1: 185-186. Plus poster presented at the 23rd Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2002 Jun 23-27; Montreal
42. Kasper S, Lerman MN, McQuade RD, et al. Efficacy and safety of aripiprazole vs. haloperidol for long-term maintenance treatment following acute relapse of schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2003 Nov 11; 6: 325-37
43. US FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Medical Review(s) Part 1-4: review and evaluation of clinical data NDA #21-436 [online]. Available from URL; http://www.f-da.gov/cder/foi/nda/2002/21-436_Abilify.htm [Accessed 2003 Sep 23]
44. Potkin SG, Saha AR, Kujawa MJ, et al. Aripiprazole, an antipsychotic with a novel mechanism of action, and risperidone vs placebo in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003 Jul; 60 (7): 681-90
45. Kane JM, Carson WH, Saha AR, et al. Efficacy and safety of aripiprazole and haloperidol versus placebo in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2002 Sep; 63 (9): 763-71
46. Tandon R, Stock EG, Riera L, et al. A naturalistic trial with aripiprazole in a general psychiatric setting [abstract no. NR603 plus poster]. 157th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; 2004 May 1-6; New York [abstracts-on-disk]
47. Lieberman J, Carson WH, Saha AR, et al. Meta-analysis of the efficacy of aripiprazole in schizophrenia [abstract no. P.4.E.031]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2002 Jun; 5 Suppl. 1: 186. Plus poster presented at the 23rd Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2002 Jun 23-27; Montreal
48. Lieberman J, Carson WH, Saha AR, et al. Meta-analysis of the efficacy of aripiprazole in schizophrenia [abstract no. P.4.E.031]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2002 Jun; 5 Suppl. 1: 186. Plus poster presented at the 23rd Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2002 Jun 23-27; Montreal
49. Carson Jr WH, Archibald DG, Manos G, et al. Short-term efficacy of aripiprazole on depression and anxiety in schizophrenia [abstract no. NR549 plus poster]. American Psychiatric Association 2003 Annual Meeting: New Research Abstracts; 2003 May 17-22; San Francisco, 205-6
50. Kujawa MJ, Stringfellow J, Hardy S, et al. The efficacy of aripiprazole in patients with schizoaffective disorder [abstract no. NR536 plus poster]. American Psychiatric Association 2003 Annual Meeting: New Research Abstracts; 2003 May 17-22; San Francisco, 200-1
51. Dillenschneider A, Marcus R, Kostic D, et al. Effects of aripiprazole on the excitement/hostility symptoms of schizophrenia [abstract no. P01.424]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2004 Jun; 7 Suppl. 1: S243. Plus poster presented at 24th Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2004 Jun 20-24; Paris
52. Dillenschneider A, Marcus R, Kostic D, et al. Effects of aripiprazole on the excitement/hostility symptoms of schizophrenia [abstract no. P01.424]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2004 Jun; 7 Suppl. 1: S243. Plus poster presented at 24th Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2004 Jun 20-24; Paris
53. Marder S, Archibald D, Manos G, et al. Long-term effects of aripiprazole therapy on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia [abstract no. P01.422]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2004 Jun; 7 Suppl. 1: S243. Plus poster presented at 24th Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2004 Jun 20-24; Paris
54. Marder S, Archibald D, Manos G, et al. Long-term effects of aripiprazole therapy on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia [abstract no. P01.422]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2004 Jun; 7 Suppl. 1: S243. Plus poster presented at 24th Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2004 Jun 20-24; Paris
55. Octavio I, Stock E, Archibald D, et al. Long-term effects of aripiprazole on affective symptoms of schizophrenia [abstract no. P02.430]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2004 Jun; 7 Suppl. 1: S417. Plus poster presented at the 24th Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2004 Jun 20-24; Paris
56. Octavio I, Stock E, Archibald D, et al. Long-term effects of aripiprazole on affective symptoms of schizophrenia [abstract no. P02.430]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2004 Jun; 7 Suppl. 1: S417. Plus poster presented at the 24th Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2004 Jun 20-24; Paris
57. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994
58. Casey DE, Carson WH, Saha AR, et al. Switching patients to aripiprazole from other antipsychotic agents: a multicenter randomized study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2003 Apr; 166 (4): 391-9
59. Brown D, McEvoy J, Saha A, et al. Aripiprazole in patients with first episode schizophrenia [abstract]. International Congress on Schizophrenia Research in conjunction with the 6th Biennial Mt. Sinai Conference on Cognition in Schizophrenia; 2003 Mar 29-Apr 2; Colorado Springs
60. Toru M, Miura S, Kudo Y. Clinical experiences of OPC-14597, a dopamine autoreceptor agonist in schizophrenic patients [abstract no. S-16-9]. Neuropsychopharmacology 1994 May; 10 Suppl. 3 Pt 1: 122S
61. Toru M, Miura S. Late phase II study of OPC-14597, a dopamine autoreceptor agonist in schizophrenic patients [abstract no. S-2-5]. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1996 Jun; 6 Suppl. 3: 18
62. Daniel DG, Saha AR, Ingenito G, et al. Aripiprazole, a novel antipsychotic: overview of a phase II study result [abstract no. P.01.242]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2000 Jul; 3 Suppl. 1: S157
63. Gismondi R, Meltzer H, Kujawa M, et al. Aripiprazole versus perphenazine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia [abstract no. P02.427]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2004 Jun; 7 Suppl. 1: S417
64. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1987; 13 (2): 261-76
65. Marder SR, McQuade RD, Stock E, et al. Aripiprazole in the treatment of schizophrenia: safety and tolerability in short-term, placebo-controlled trials. Schizophr Res 2003 Jun 1; 61 (2-3): 123-36
66. Weiden P, Waldeck R, Tafesse E, et al. Projected risk of coronary heart disease in schizophrenia: a comparison between aripiprazole and olanzapine [abstract no. 729-P]. Diabetes 2003; 52 Suppl. 1: A170
67. Stock E, Saha A, Brunell R, et al. Meta-analysis of cardiac safety with aripiprazole [abstract no. P.4.E.029]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2002; 5 Suppl. 1: 186. Plus poster presented at the 23rd Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2002 Jun 23-27; Montreal
68. Stock E, Saha A, Brunell R, et al. Meta-analysis of cardiac safety with aripiprazole [abstract no. P.4.E.029]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2002; 5 Suppl. 1: 186. Plus poster presented at the 23rd Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2002 Jun 23-27; Montreal
69. Jody D, Saha AR, Iwamoto T, et al. Meta-analysis of weight effects with aripiprazole [abstract no. P.4.E.030]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2002; 5 Suppl. 1: 186. Plus poster presented at the 23rd Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2002 Jun 23-27; Montreal
70. Jody D, Saha AR, Iwamoto T, et al. Meta-analysis of weight effects with aripiprazole [abstract no. P.4.E.030]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2002; 5 Suppl. 1: 186. Plus poster presented at the 23rd Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2002 Jun 23-27; Montreal
71. Kujawa M, McQuade R, Jody D, et al. Long-term weight effects of aripiprazole vs olanzapine in a 26-week, double-blind study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2004 Jun; 7 Suppl. 1: S234. Plus poster presented at the 24th Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2004 Jun 20-24; Paris
72. Kujawa M, McQuade R, Jody D, et al. Long-term weight effects of aripiprazole vs olanzapine in a 26-week, double-blind study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2004 Jun; 7 Suppl. 1: S234. Plus poster presented at the 24th Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2004 Jun 20-24; Paris
73. Bristol-Myers Squibb. Abilify® (aripiprazole) Approved for marketing in Europe for the treatment of schizophrenia [media release]. 2004
74. Bristol-Myers Squibb, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd OPCL. FDA approves Abilify (TM) (Aripiprazole) supplemental new drug application (sNDA) for maintaining stability in patients with schizophrenia [online]. Available from URL: http:// www.bms.com [Accessed 2003 Sep 11]
75. Stanniland C, Taylor D. Tolerability of atypical antipsychotics. Drug Saf 2000; 22 (3): 195-214
76. American Diabetes Association, American Psychiatric Association, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, et al. Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004; 27 (2): 596-601
77. US FDA. Warning about hyperglycemia and atypical antispychotic drugs. FDA patient safety news: show #28, June 2004 [online]. Available from URL: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/ scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/psn/printer.cfm?id=229 [Accessed 2004 Jun 16]
78. Kane JM, Leucht S, Carpenter D, et al. Expert consensus guideline series. Optimizing pharmacologic treatment of psychotic disorders. Introduction: methods, commentary, and summary. J Clin Psychiatry 2003; 64 Suppl. 12: 5-19
79. El-Sayeh HG, Morganti C. Aripiprazole for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004 Feb; 2: CD004578
80. FDA MedWatch. 2004 Safety Alert: Abilify (aripiprazole) [on-line]. Available from URL: http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/ SAFETY/2004/abilify.htm [Accessed 2004 Jun 16]
81. Janssen Pharmaceutica Products LP. Risperdal® (Risperidone) prescribing information [online]. Available from URL: www.risperdal.com [Accessed 2004 Apr 5]
82. Cheer SM, Wagstaff AJ. Quetiapine: a review of its use in the management of schizophrenia. CNS Drugs 2004; 18 (3): 173-99
83. Gunasekara NS, Spencer CM, Keating G.M., Ziprasidone: a review of its use in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Drugs 2002; 62 (8): 1217-51
84. Janssen-Cilag. Haldol Tablets/Oral Solution™ (haloperidol). Summary of product characteristics [online]. Available from URL: http://www.janssen- cilag.co.uk/product/pdf/ spc00034.pdf [Accessed 2004 Apr 8]
85. Ruppert A, Waldeck R, Cislo P, et al. An economic evaluation of aripiprazole versus olanzapine in a Swedish setting using outcomes of metabolic syndrome, projected diabetes and coronary heart disease [abstract no. PMH16]. Value Health 2003 Nov-Dec; 6 (6): 694-5
86. Heinen-Kammerer T, Motzkat K, Ruppert A, et al. Cost-effectiveness- analysis: long-term adverse drug reactions of schizophrenia therapy with aripiprazole versus olanzapine [abstract no. P02.426]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2004 Jun; 7 Suppl. 1: S416. Plus poster presented at the 24th Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2004 Jun 20-24; Paris
87. Heinen-Kammerer T, Motzkat K, Ruppert A, et al. Cost-effectiveness- analysis: long-term adverse drug reactions of schizophrenia therapy with aripiprazole versus olanzapine [abstract no. P02.426]. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2004 Jun; 7 Suppl. 1: S416. Plus poster presented at the 24th Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2004 Jun 20-24; Paris
88. Winans E. Aripiprazole. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 2003 Dec; 60: 2437-45