Gut sugar analysis in field-caught parasitoids: Adapting methods originally developed for biting flies

International Journal of Pest Management

Volumn 50, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 193-198

  Heimpel, George E ^a   Lee, Jana C ^a   Wu, Zhishan ^a   Weiser, Laura ^a   Wäckers, Felix ^b   Jervis, Mark A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^b NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY NIOO KNAW   (Netherlands)

^c CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anthrone tests; Honeydew; Nectar; Parasitoids; Sugar feeding

Indexed keywords

FEEDING; INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT; PARASITOID; SUGAR;

APHELINIDAE; APHELINUS ALBIPODUS; APHIDIDAE; CERATOPOGONIDAE; CERVIDAE; CHIRONOMIDAE; CHRYSOPS; DIADEGMA; EQUUS CABALLUS; HYMENOPTERA; ICHNEUMONIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; PHLEBOTOMINAE; PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA; SIMULIIDAE;

EID: 4344709408     PISSN: 09670874     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09670870410001731925     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. ANDERSSON, I. H. and JAENSON, T. G. T., 1987. Nectar feeding by mosquitoes in Sweden, with special reference to Culex pipiens and Cx torrentium. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 1, 59-64.
2. BIDLINGMAYER, W. L. and HEM, D. G., 1973. Sugar feeding by Florida mosquitoes. Mosquito News, 33, 535-538.
3. BRENNER, R. J. and CUPP, E. W., 1980. Preliminary observations on parity and nectar feeding in the black fly. Simulium jenningsi. Mosquito News, 40, 390-393.
4. BURGIN, S. G. and HUNTER, F.F., 1997a. Evidence of honeydew feeding in black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 129, 859-869.
5. BURGIN, S. G. and HUNTER, F. F., 1997b. Nectar versus honeydew as sources of sugar for male and female black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 34, 605-608.
6. BURGIN, S. B. and HUNTER, F. F., 1997c. Sugar-meal sources used by female black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae): a four-habitat study. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 75, 1066-1072.
7. BURKETT, D. A., CARLSON, D. A. and KLINE, D. L., 1998. Analysis of composition of sugar meals of wild mosquitoes by gas chromatography. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 14, 373-379.
8. BURKETT, D. A., KLINE, D. L. and CARLSON, D. A., 1999. Sugar meal composition of five North Central Florida mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) as determined by gas chromatography. Journal of Medical Entomology, 36, 462-467.
9. CASAS, J., 2000. Host location and selection in the field. In M. E. Hochberg & A. R. Ives (eds) Parasitoid Population Biology (Princeton University Press), pp. 27-40.
10. CHANG, F., WINTERS, N., VARGAS, R. I., MONTGOMERY, S. L. and TAKARA, J. M., 1977. An analysis of crop sugars in the oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Hawaii, and correlation with possible food sources. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 22, 461-468.
11. CUPP, E. W. and COLLINS, R. C., 1979. The gonotrophic cycle in Simulium ochraceum. American Journal of Medicine and Hygiene, 28, 422-426.
12. EDMAN, J. D., STRICKMAN, D., KITTAYAPONG, P. and SCOTT, T. W., 1992. Female Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand rarely feed on sugar. Journal of Medical Entomology, 29, 1035-1038.
13. FADAMIRO, H. Y. and HEIMPEL, G. E., 2001. Effects of partial sugar deprivation on lifespan and carbohydrate mobilization in the parasitoid Macrocentrus grandii (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Annals of the Entomological Society, 94, 909-916.
14. HEIMPEL, G. E. and JERVIS, M. A., 2004. An evaluation of the hypothesis that floral nectar improves biological control by parasitoids. In F. Wäckers, P. van Rijn & J. Bruin (ads) Plant-provided food and plant-carnivore mutualism (Cambridge University Press) (in press).
15. HEIMPEL, G. E., MANGEL, M. and ROSENHEIM, J. A., 1998. Effects of egg and time limitation on lifetime reproductive success of a parasitoid in the field. American Naturalist, 152, 273-289.
16. HEIMPEL, G. E., RAGSDALE, D. W., VENETTE, R., HOPPER, K. R., O'NEIL, R. J., RUTLEDGE, C. and WU, Z., 2004. Prospects for importation biological control of the soybean aphid: anticipating potential costs and benefits. Annals of the American Entomological Society, 97, 249-258.
17. HUNTER, D. M., 1977. Sugar-feeding in some Queensland black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 14, 229-232.
18. HUNTER, F. F. and OSSOWSKI, A. M., 1999. Honeydew sugars in wild-caught female horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 36, 896-899.
19. JANZEN, T. A. and HUNTER, F. F., 1998. Honeydew sugars in wild-caught female deerflies (Diptera: Tabanidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 335, 685-689.
20. JERVIS, M. A., KIDD, N. A. C. and WALTON, M., 1992. A review of methods for determining dietary range in adult parasitoids. Entomophaga, 37, 565-574.
21. KILLICK-KENDRICK, R. and KILLICK-KENDRICK, M., 1987. Honeydew of aphids as a source of sugar for Phlebotomus ariasi. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 1, 297-302.
22. LEE, J. C. and HEIMPEL, G. E., 2003. Nectar availability and parasitoid sugar feeding. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods. Honolulu, Hawaii, 1/2002, pp. 220-225.
23. LEE, J. C. and HEIMPEL, G. E., 2004. Dynamics of parasitoids and nectar sources. In M. Hodde (ed) Proceedings of the Fourth California Conference of Biological Control (Berkeley, CA), in press.
24. LEE, J. C., HEIMPEL, G. E. and LEIBEE, G., 2004. Comparing floral nectar and aphid honeydew diets on the longevity and nutrient levels of a parasitoid wasp. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 111, 189-199.
25. LEPRINCE, D. J., 1989. Gonotrophic status, sperm presence and sugar feeding patterns in Southwestern Quebec tabanid (Diptera) populations. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 5, 383-386.
26. LEPRINCE, D. J. and LEWIS, D. J., 1986. Sperm presence and sugar feeding patterns in nulliparous and parous Tabanus quinquevittatus Wiedemann (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Southwestern Quebec. Annals of the Entomological Society, 79, 912-917.
27. LEWIS, D. J. and DOMONEY, C. R., 1966. Sugar meals in Phlebotominae and Simuliidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 41, 175-179.
28. MACVICKER, J. A. K., MOORE, J. S. and MOLYNEUX, D. H., 1990. Honeydew sugars in wild-caught Italian phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) as detected by high performance liquid chromatography. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 80, 339-344.
29. McCREADIE, J. W., COLBO, M. H. and HUNTER, F. F., 1994. Notes on sugar feeding and selected wild mammalian hosts of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Newfoundland. Journal of Medical Entomology, 31, 566-570.
30. MAGNARELLI, L. A., 1978. Nectar-feeding by female mosquitoes and its relation to follicular development and parity. Journal of Medical Entomology, 14, 527-530.
31. MAGNARELLI, L. A., 1979. Diurnal nectar-feeding of Aedes cantator and A. solicitants (Diptera: Culicidae). Environmental Entomology, 8, 949-955.
32. MAGNARELLI, L. A., 1980. Bionomics of Psorophora ferox (Diptera: Culicidae): seasonal occurrence and acquisition of sugars. Journal of Medical Entomology, 17, 328-332.
33. MAGNARELLI, L. A., 1981. Parity, follicular development, and sugar feeding in Culicoides melleus and C. hollensis. Environmental Entomology, 10, 807-811.
34. MAGNARELLI, L. A., 1983. Nectar sugars and caloric reserves in natural populations of Aedes canadensis and Aedes stimulans (Diptera: Culicidae). Environmental Entomology, 12, 1482-1486.
35. MAGNARELLI, L. A. and ANDERSON, J. F., 1981. Sugar feeding by female tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) and its relation to gonotrophic activity. Journal of Medical Entomology, 18, 429-433.
36. MAGNARELLI, L. A., ANDERSON, J. F. and THORNE, J. H., 1979. Diurnal nectar feeding of salt marsh Tabanidae (Diptera). Environmental Entomology, 8, 544-548.
37. MOORE, J. S., KELLY, T. B., KILLICK-KENDRICK, R., KILLICK-KENDRICK, M., WALLBANKS, K. R. and MOLYNEUX, D. H., 1987. Honeydew sugars in wild-caught Phlebotomus ariasi detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC). Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 1, 427-434.
38. MORRIS, D. L., 1948. Quantitative determination of carbohydrates with Dreywood's anthrone reagent. Science, 107, 254.
39. MULLENS, B., 1985. Age-related adult activity and sugar feeding by Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Southern California, USA. Journal of Medical Entomology, 22, 32-37.
40. NASCI, R. S. and EDMAN, J. D., 1984. Culiseta melanura (Diptera: Culicidae): population structure and nectar feeding in a freshwater swamp and surrounding areas in Southeastern Massachusetts, USA. Journal of Medical Entomology, 21, 567-572.
41. OLSON, D. M., FADAMIRO, H., LUNDGREN, J. G. and HEIMPEL, G. E., 2000. Effects of sugar meals on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a parasitoid wasp. Physiological Entomology, 25, 17-26.
42. OSSOWSKI, A. and HUNTER, F. F., 2000. Distribution patterns, body size, and sugar-feeding habits of two species of Chrysops (Diptera: Tabanidae). Canadian Entomologist, 132, 213-221.
43. REISEN, W. K., MEYER, M. R. and MILBY, M. M., 1986. Patterns of fructose feeding by Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 23, 366-373.
44. RUSSELL, C. B. and HUNTER, F. F., 2002. Analyses of nectar and honeydew feeding in Aedes and Ochlerotatus mosquitoes. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 18, 86-90.
45. SCHAEFER, C. H. and MIURA, T., 1972. Sources of energy utilized by natural populations of the mosquito, Culex tarsalis, for overwintering. Journal of Insect Physiology, 18, 797-805.
46. SCOTT, T. A. and MELVIN, E. H., 1953. Determination of dextran with anthrone. Analytical Chemistry, 25, 1656-1661.
47. SEIFTER, S. S., DAYTON, S., NOVIC, B. and MUNTWYLER, E., 1950. The estimation of glycogen with the anthrone reagent. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 25, 191-200.
48. SKINNER, G. J., 1980. The feeding habits of the wood-ant, Formica rufa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in limestone woodland in North-West England. Journal of Animal Ecology, 49, 417-433.
49. SMITH, S. M. and KURTZ, R. M., 1994. The use of an anthrone reagent to detect sugar meals and their persistence in the mosquito Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae). The Great Lakes Entomologist, 27, 49-55.
50. VAN HANDEL, E., 1967. Determination of fructose and fructose-yielding carbohydrates with cold anthrone. Analytical Biochemistry, 19, 193-194.
51. VAN HANDEL, E., 1972. The detection of nectar in mosquitoes. Mosquito News, 32, 458.
52. VAN HANDEL, E., 1985. Rapid determination of glycogen and sugars in mosquitoes. Journal of American Mosquito Control Association, 1, 299-301.
53. WÄCKERS, F., 2001. A comparison of nectar- and honeydew sugars with respect to the utilization by the hymenopteran parasitoid Cotesia glomerata. Journal of Insect Physiology, 47, 1077-1084.
54. WÄCKERS, F. and STEPPUHN, A., 2003. Characterizing nutritional state and food source use of parasitoids collected in fields with high and low nectar availability. Proceedings of the IOBC/WPRS Study Group on Landscape Management for Functional Biodiversity, Bologna, Italy.
55. WALLBANKS, K. R., MOORE, J. S., BENNETT, L. R., SOREN, R., MOLYNEUX, D. H., CARLIN, J. M. and PEREZ, J. E., 1991. Aphid derived sugars in the neotropical sandfly - Lutzomyia peruensis. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 42, 60-62.
56. WALSH, J. F. and GARMS, R., 1980. The detection of plant sugars in Simulium damnosum s.l. by means of the cold anthrone test. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 74, 811-813.
57. YOUNG, C. J., TURNER, D. P., KILLICK-KENDRICK, R., RIOUX, J. A. and LEANEY, A. J., 1980. Fructose in wild-caught Phlebotomus ariasi and the possible relevance of sugars taken by sandflies to the transmission of leishmaniasis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 74, 363-366.
58. YUVAL, B., 1992. The other habit: sugar feeding by mosquitoes. Bulletin of the Society of Vector Ecology, 17, 150-156.
59. YUVAL, B. and SCHLEIN, Y., 1986. Leishmaniasis in the Jordan valley: III. Nocturnal history of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Pcychodidae) in relation to nutrition and ovarian development. Journal of Medical Entomology, 23, 411-415.
60. YUVAL, B., HOLLIDAY-HANSON, M. L. and WASHINO, R. K., 1994. Energy budget of swarming mosquitoes. Ecological Entomology, 19, 74-78.