Global change and the boreal forest: Thresholds, shifting states or gradual change?

Ambio

Volumn 33, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 361-365

  Chapin III, F Stuart ^a,b   Callaghan, Terry V ^c   Bergeron, Yves ^c   Fukuda, M ^c   Johnstone, J F ^c   Juday, G ^c   Zimov, S A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

^b Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecol R   (Cayman Islands)

^c NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOREAL FOREST; CLIMATE CHANGE; ECOLOGICAL IMPACT; VEGETATION DYNAMICS;

EID: 4344660672     PISSN: 00447447     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1579/0044-7447-33.6.361     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (49)

1. Whittaker, R.H. 1967. Gradient analysis of vegetation. Biol. Rev. 42, 207-264.
2. Davis, M.B. 1981. Quaternary history and the stability of forest communities. In: Forest Succession: Concepts and Application. West, D.C., Shugart, H.H. and Botkin, D.B. (eds). Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 132-153.
3. Wehb, T. and Bartlein, P.J. 1992. Global changes during the last three million years: Climatic controls and biotic responses. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 23, 141-173.
4. Mann, D.H. and Plug, L.J. 1999. Vegetation and soil development at an upland taiga site, Alaska. Ecoscience 6, 272-285.
5. Fenner, M. 1985. Seed Ecology. Chapman and Hall, London, 151 pp.
6. Oswald, W.W., Brubaker, L., Hu, F.-S. and Kling, G. 2003. Holocene pollen records from the central Arctic Foothills, northern Alaska: Testing the role of substrate in the response of tundra to climate change. J. Ecol. 91, 1034-1048.
7. Yurtsev, B. 2001. The Pleistocene "tundra-steppe" and the productivity paradox: The landscape approach. Quat. Sci. Rev. 20, 165-174.
8. Guthrie, R.D. 1990. Frozen Fauna of the Mammoth Steppe: The Story of Blue Babe. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 323 pp.
9. Zimov, S.A., Chuprynin, V.I., Oreshko, A.P., Chapin, F.S., III, Reynolds, J.F. and Chapin, M.C. 1995. Steppe-tundra transition: An herbivore-driven biome shift at the end of the Pleistocene. Am. Nat. 146, 765-794.
10. Owen-Smith, R.N. 1988. Megaherbivores: The Influence of Very Large Body Size on Ecology Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 369 pp.
11. Chapin, F.S., III et al. 2000. Consequences of changing biotic diversity. Nature 405, 234-242.
12. Lloyd, A.H., Edwards, M.E., Finney, B.P., Lynch, J., Barber, V.A. and Bigelow, N. 2004. Development of the boreal forest. In: Alaska's Changing Boreal Forest. Chapin, F.S., III, Oswood, M., Van Cleve, K., Viereck, L. and Verbyla, D. (eds). Oxford University Press. Oxford.
13. Van Cleve, K., Chapin, F.S., III, Dyrness, C.T. and Viereck, L.A. 1991. Element cycling in taiga forest: State-factor control. BioScience 41, 78-88.
14. Lynch, J.A., Bigelow, B., Clark, J.S., Edwards, M. and Finney, B. 2003. Spatial and temporal variations in fire in Boreal Alaska. J. Geophys. Res. 108.
15. Carcaillet, C. and Richard, P.J.H. 2000. Holocene changes in seasonal precipitation highlighted by fire incidence in eastern-Canada. Climate Dyn. 16, 549-559.
16. Payette, S., Fortin, M.J. and Gamache, I. 2001. The subarctic forest tundra: The structure of a biome in a changing climate. BioScience 51, 709-718.
17. Lavoie, L. and Sirois, L. 1998. Vegetation changes caused by recent fires in the northern boreal forest of eastern Canada. J. Veg. Sci. 9, 483-492.
18. Larocque, I., Bergeron, Y., Campbell, I. and Bradshaw, R.H. 2003. Fire-induced decrease in forest cover on a small rock outcrop in the Abitibi region of Québec, Canada. Ecoscience 10, 515-524.
19. Berglund, B.E., Barnekow, L., Hammarlund, D., Sandgren, P. and Snowball, I.F. 1996, Holocene forest dynamics and climate changes in the Abisko area, northern Sweden: The Sonesson model of vegetation history reconsidered and confirmed. Ecol. Bull. 45, 15-30.
20. Sonesson, M. 1968. Pollen zones at Abisko, Torne Lappmark, Sweden. Bot. Not. 121, 491-500.
21. Sonesson, M. 1974. Late Quaternary development of the Torneträsk area, north Sweden: 2. Pollen analytical evidence. Oikos 25, 121-133.
22. Viereck, L.A., Dyrness, C.T., Van Cleve, K. and Foote, M.J. 1983. Vegetation, soils, and forest productivity in selected forest types in interior Alaska. Can. J. For. Res. 13, 703-720.
23. Viereck, L.A., Dyrness, C.T. and Foote, M.J. 1993. An overview of the vegetation and soils of the floodplain ecosystems of the Tanana River, interior Alaska. Can. J. For. Res. 23. 889-898.
24. Chapin, F.S., III, Viereck, L.A., Adams, P., Van Cleve, K., Fastic, C.L., Ott, R.A., Mann, D. and Johnstone, J.F. 2004. Successional processes in the Alaskan boreal forest. In: Alaska's Changing Boreal Forest. Chapin, F.S., III, Oswood, M., Van Cleve, K., Viereck, L. and Verbyla, D. (eds). Oxford University Press, Oxford. (In press).
25. Bryant, J.P. and Chapin, F.S., III 1986. Browsing-woody plant interactions during boreal forest plant succession. In: Forest Ecosystems in the Alaskan Taiga: A Synthesis of Structure and Function. Van Cleve, K., Chapin, F.S., III, Flanagan, P.W., Viereck, L.A. and Dyrness, C.T. (eds). Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 213-225.
26. Gutsell, S. and Johnson, E.A. 2002. Accurately ageing trees and examining their height-growth rates: Implications for interpreting forest dynamics. J. Ecol. 90, 153-166.
27. Johnstone, J.F., Chapin, F.S., III, Foote, J., Kemmett, S., Price, K. and Viereck, L.A. 2004. Decadal observations of tree regeneration following fire in boreal forests. Can. J. For. Res. 34, 267-273.
28. Johnstone, J.F. and Chapin, F.S., III 2003. Non-equilibrium succession dynamics indicate continued northern migration of lodgepole pine. Glob. Change Biol. 9, 1401-1409.
29. Barber, V.A., Juday, G.P. and Finney, B.P. 2004. Reconstruction of summer temperatures in interior Alaska: Evidence for changing synoptic climate regimes. Clim. Change. (In press).
30. Barber, V.A., Juday, G.P. and Finney, B.P. 2000. Reduced growth of Alaskan white spruce in the twentieth century from temperature-induced drought stress. Nature 405, 668-673.
31. Juday, G.P., Barber, V., Rupp, T. S., Zasada, J. and Wilmking, W.M. 2003. A 200-year perspective of climate variability and the response of white spruce in Interior Alaska. In: Climate Variability and Ecosystem Response at Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Sites. Greenland, D., Goodin, D. and Smith, R. (eds). Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 226-250.
32. Tenow, O. 1996. Hazards to a mountain birch forest: Abisko in perspective. Ecol. Bull. 45, 104-114.
33. Kallio, P. and Lehtonen, J. 1973. Birch forest damage caused by Oporinia automna (Bkh.) in 1965-66 in Utsjoki, N. Finland. Rep. Kevo Subarct. Res. Stn. 10, 55-69.
34. Haukioja, E. and Heino, J. 1974. Birch consumption by reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Finnish Lapland. Rep. Kevo Subarct. Res. Stn. 11, 22-25.
35. Virtanen, T. and Neuvonen, S. 1999. Performance of moth larvae on birch in relation to altitude, climate, host quality and parasitoids. Oecologia 120, 92-101.
36. Vlassova, T.K. 2002. Human impacts on the tundra-taiga zone dynamics: The case of the Russian lesotundra. Ambio Special Report 12, 30-36.
37. Crawford, R.M.M., Jeffree, C.E. and Rees, W.G. 2003. Paludification and forest retreat in northern oceanic environments. Ann. Bot. 91, 213-226.
38. Skre, O., Baxter, R., Crawford, R.M.M., Callaghan, T.V. and Fedorkov, A. 2002. How will the tundra-taiga interface respond to climatic change? Ambio Special Report 12, 37-46.
39. Linderholm, H.W., Solberg, B.Ö. and Lindholm, M. 2004. Tree-ring records from central Fennoscandia: The relationship between tree growth and climate along an east west transect. Holocene. (in press).
40. Bergeron, Y., Leduc, A., Harvey, B.D. and Gauthier, S. 2002. Natural fire regime: A guide for sustainable management of the Canadian boreal forest. Silva Fenn. 36, 81-95.
41. Hunter, M.L., Jr., (ed.), 1999. Maintaining Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 698 pp.
42. Johnson, E.A., Miyanishi, K. and Weir, J.M.H. 1998. Wildfires in the western Canadian boreal forest: landscape patterns and ecosystem management. J. Veg. Sci. 9, 603-610.
43. Haeussler, S., Bedford, L., Leduc, A., Bergeron, Y. and Kranabetter, J.M. 2002. Silvicultural disturbance severity and plant communities of the southern Canadian boreal forest. Silva Fenn. 36, 307-327.
44. Angelstam, P.K. 1998. Maintaining and restoring biodiversity in European boreal forests by developing natural disturbance regimes. J. Veg. Sci. 9, 593-602.
45. Bergeron, Y., Harvey, B.D., Leduc, A. and Gauthier, S. 1999. Basing forest management on natural disturbance: Stand- and landscape-level considerations. Forest Chronicle 75, 49-54.
46. Melillo, J.M., Prentice, I.C., Farquhar, G.D., Schulze, E.-D. and Sala, O.E. 1996. Terrestrial biotic responses to environmental change and feedbacks to climate. In: Climate Change 1995. The Science of Climate Change. Houghton, J.T., Meira Filho, L.G., Callander, B.A., Harris, N., Kattenberg, A. and Maskell, K. (eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 445-481.
47. Lloyd, A.M., Rupp, T.S., Fastie, C.L. and Starfield, A.M. 2003. Patterns and dynamics of treeline advance on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska. J. Geophys. Res. 107.
48. Callaghan, T.V., Werkman, B.R. and Crawford, R.M.M. 2002. The tundra-taiga interface and its dynamics: Concepts and applications. Ambio Special Report 12, 6-14.
49. Kattsov, V. and Källén, E. 2004. Future changes of climate: modelling and scenarios for the Arctic regions. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge University Press Cambridge. (In press).