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1
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51249182302
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For a review see Fractional Statistics and Anyon Superconductivity, edited by Frank Wilczek (World Scientific, Singapore, 1990)
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In two space dimensions hardcore particles with quantum statistics between that of fermions and bosons are allowed. J.M. Leinaas and J. Myrheim, Nuovo Cimento 37, 1 (1977).For a review see Fractional Statistics and Anyon Superconductivity, edited by Frank Wilczek (World Scientific, Singapore, 1990).
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(1977)
Nuovo Cimento
, vol.37
, pp. 1
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Leinaas, J.M.1
Myrheim, J.2
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2
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85038323326
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A band insulator insulates because of Pauli exclusion principle. In the non-interacting prototype of this type of insulator all available single-particle orbitals are occupied. This type of insulator usually possesses a even number of electrons per crystalline unit cell
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A band insulator insulates because of Pauli exclusion principle. In the non-interacting prototype of this type of insulator all available single-particle orbitals are occupied. This type of insulator usually possesses a even number of electrons per crystalline unit cell.
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3
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85038328580
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For instance, a two leg Hubbard ladder with suitable choice of the rung hopping evolves adiabatically from a band insulator, for small U, to a so-called Haldane gap system, one of the canonical examples of a Mott insulating state of electrons without a broken symmetry, in the large U limit
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For instance, a two leg Hubbard ladder with suitable choice of the rung hopping evolves adiabatically from a band insulator, for small U, to a so-called Haldane gap system, one of the canonical examples of a Mott insulating state of electrons without a broken symmetry, in the large U limit.
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5
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85038298563
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A Mott insulator necessarily has a charge gap, however it is possible for it to have gapless neutral excitations
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A Mott insulator necessarily has a charge gap, however it is possible for it to have gapless neutral excitations.
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8
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85038346065
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X-G Wen, cond-mat/0107071 (unpublished)
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X-G Wen, cond-mat/0107071 (unpublished);
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15
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0001106221
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D.-H. Lee and R. Shankar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1490 (1990)
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D.-H. Lee and R. Shankar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1490 (1990).
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19
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85038311038
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Strictly speaking, in the limit (Formula presented) since the Madulung energy per hole diverges, the ground state in the presence of long-range Coulomb interactions is always a Wigner crystal of holes, independently of whether in the absence of such interactions the state would be type I or type II. However, where the Coulomb interactions are weak, due to the presence of a large dielectric constant, clustering occurs in a Type I Mott insulator for (Formula presented) where (Formula presented) is a parametrically small (in powers of (Formula presented) critical doping concentration. In the absence of long-range forces and for small enough (Formula presented), the charges in a type II Mott insulator always form a uniform fluid
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Strictly speaking, in the limit (Formula presented) since the Madulung energy per hole diverges, the ground state in the presence of long-range Coulomb interactions is always a Wigner crystal of holes, independently of whether in the absence of such interactions the state would be type I or type II. However, where the Coulomb interactions are weak, due to the presence of a large dielectric constant, clustering occurs in a Type I Mott insulator for (Formula presented) where (Formula presented) is a parametrically small (in powers of (Formula presented) critical doping concentration. In the absence of long-range forces and for small enough (Formula presented), the charges in a type II Mott insulator always form a uniform fluid.
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20
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0000368062
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For an extremely pedagogical review of the consequences of Coulomb frustrated phase separation, see M. Seul and D. Andelman, Science 267, 476 (1995).
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(1995)
Science
, vol.267
, pp. 476
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Seul, M.1
Andelman, D.2
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21
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0001116346
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S.A. Kivelson and V.J.Emery, in Strongly Correlated Electronic Materials: The Los Alamos Symposium 1993, edited by K. S. Bedell, Z. Wang, D. E. Meltzer, A. V. Balatsky, and E. Abrahams (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1994), pp. 619–656
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V.J. Emery, S.A. Kivelson, and H-Q. Lin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 475 (1990);S.A. Kivelson and V.J.Emery, in Strongly Correlated Electronic Materials: The Los Alamos Symposium 1993, edited by K. S. Bedell, Z. Wang, D. E. Meltzer, A. V. Balatsky, and E. Abrahams (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1994), pp. 619–656.
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(1990)
Phys. Rev. Lett.
, vol.64
, pp. 475
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Emery, V.J.1
Kivelson, S.A.2
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26
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85038277980
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There are, in each case, various additional conditions concerning the nature of the antiferromagnet specified in the various conjectural relations between antiferromagnetism and type I behavior. Before gleefully constructing proposed counterexamples, such as a doped Ising antiferromagnet with additional strong, short-range repulsive interactions, the reader should consult the original papers
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There are, in each case, various additional conditions concerning the nature of the antiferromagnet specified in the various conjectural relations between antiferromagnetism and type I behavior. Before gleefully constructing proposed counterexamples, such as a doped Ising antiferromagnet with additional strong, short-range repulsive interactions, the reader should consult the original papers.
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27
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0000436883
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that a long-range uniformly attractive interaction between static charges is induced by spin-wave fluctuations in a Heisenberg quantum antiferrmagnet - these forces are sufficient to prove that phase separation is generic in doped antiferromagnets up to a few nasty caveats
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It was shown by L. Pryadko, D. Hone, and S.A. Kivelson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5651 (1998) that a long-range uniformly attractive interaction between static charges is induced by spin-wave fluctuations in a Heisenberg quantum antiferrmagnet - these forces are sufficient to prove that phase separation is generic in doped antiferromagnets up to a few nasty caveats.
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(1998)
Phys. Rev. Lett.
, vol.80
, pp. 5651
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Pryadko, L.1
Hone, D.2
Kivelson, S.A.3
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32
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0037720481
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Rev. Mod. Phys. (to be published)
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For a review of the possible role of intrinsic electronic inhomogeneity in the manganates see, e.g., E. Dagotto, T. Hotta, and A. Moreo, Phys. Rep. 344, 1 (2001);Rev. Mod. Phys. (to be published).
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(2001)
Phys. Rep.
, vol.344
, pp. 1
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Dagotto, E.1
Hotta, T.2
Moreo, A.3
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33
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0032179445
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For a more general experimental review of stripe formation in doped antiferromagnets, see J.M. Tranquada, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 59, 2150 (1988).
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(1988)
J. Phys. Chem. Solids
, vol.59
, pp. 2150
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Tranquada, J.M.1
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37
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0001278609
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apparently implies that there is little or no antiferromagnet character to the magnetic fluctuations in the metallic phase; a continuous transition between a paramagnetic metal and an antiferromagnetically ordered insulator would be expected to exhibit diverging (quantum critical) antiferromagnetic fluctuations as the critical point is approached. The failure to see such fluctuations is most naturally understood if the transition is ultimately first order. The issue is further complicated by the fact that the correlation effects are relatively weaker in this material than in the cuprates or manganates; the charge gap in the insulating state is only about 0.1 eV. This might well mean that the range of doping over which the actual physics of the “doped antiferromagnet” is dominant may be rather small, and in fact the experiments seem never to access the important range of doping with (Formula presented) It would be very interesting to look more closely at the low doping regime of this and related materials, and especially to study the magnetic structure by neutron scattering in this regime, to unambiguously determine whether they are truly type II
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Although the cited evidence suggests that (Formula presented) is a type II Mott insulator, and thus a counterexample to the general conjecture that antiferromagnetic insulators are generically type I, it seems to us that more work needs to be done to establish this fact. The apparent divergence of the effective mass with decreasing x reported in Ref. 27, and the good Fermi liquid character of the metallic state even at the smallest reported x, certainly argue in favor of a continuous transition to the insulating state. However, indirect NMR evidence, Y. Furukawa et al., Phys. Rev. B 59, 10 550 (1999), apparently implies that there is little or no antiferromagnet character to the magnetic fluctuations in the metallic phase; a continuous transition between a paramagnetic metal and an antiferromagnetically ordered insulator would be expected to exhibit diverging (quantum critical) antiferromagnetic fluctuations as the critical point is approached. The failure to see such fluctuations is most naturally understood if the transition is ultimately first order. The issue is further complicated by the fact that the correlation effects are relatively weaker in this material than in the cuprates or manganates; the charge gap in the insulating state is only about 0.1 eV. This might well mean that the range of doping over which the actual physics of the “doped antiferromagnet” is dominant may be rather small, and in fact the experiments seem never to access the important range of doping with (Formula presented) It would be very interesting to look more closely at the low doping regime of this and related materials, and especially to study the magnetic structure by neutron scattering in this regime, to unambiguously determine whether they are truly type II.
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(1999)
Phys. Rev. B
, vol.59
, pp. 10-550
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Furukawa, Y.1
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40
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85038313352
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The system considered in this Ref. 4, can be “doped” by varying the period of the trap lattice
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The system considered in this Ref. 4, can be “doped” by varying the period of the trap lattice.
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41
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0000322251
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and especially
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For an introduction to the bose Hubbard model, see, for example, R.T. Scalettar et al., Phys. Rev. B 51, 8467 (1995) and especially.
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(1995)
Phys. Rev. B
, vol.51
, pp. 8467
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Scalettar, R.T.1
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42
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0001326988
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where issues of phase separation are explicitly addressed
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G.G. Batrouni and R.T. Scalettar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 1599 (2000) where issues of phase separation are explicitly addressed.
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(2000)
Phys. Rev. Lett.
, vol.84
, pp. 1599
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Batrouni, G.G.1
Scalettar, R.T.2
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46
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0031035314
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For a discussion of the bicritical point scenario in the context of the cuprate superconductors, see S.-C. Zhang, Science 275, 1089 (1997)
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For a discussion of the bicritical point scenario in the context of the cuprate superconductors, see S.-C. Zhang, Science 275, 1089 (1997).
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47
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85038332562
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We note that the vortex superfluid discussed here differs from the generic boson superfluid because the net vorticity is zero. The field theory that describes such “particle-hole symmetric” condensate has space and time on equal footing (i.e., relativistic). This fact makes the later analogy with thermal fluctuating 3D superconductors completely appropriate
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We note that the vortex superfluid discussed here differs from the generic boson superfluid because the net vorticity is zero. The field theory that describes such “particle-hole symmetric” condensate has space and time on equal footing (i.e., relativistic). This fact makes the later analogy with thermal fluctuating 3D superconductors completely appropriate.
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49
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85038315599
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The field strength (Formula presented) (Formula presented) of a (2+1)-dimensional EM field has three independent components. The correspondence of the these three components with the boson three-current (Formula presented) is as follows (Formula presented)
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The field strength (Formula presented) (Formula presented) of a (2+1)-dimensional EM field has three independent components. The correspondence of the these three components with the boson three-current (Formula presented) is as follows (Formula presented)
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50
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85038274722
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In the correspondence between a quantum superconductor at (Formula presented) and a thermally fluctuating superconductor at finite temperature the magnetic field (Formula presented) and electric field (Formula presented) in the (2+1)-dimensional quantum theory are mapped on to (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) respectively
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In the correspondence between a quantum superconductor at (Formula presented) and a thermally fluctuating superconductor at finite temperature the magnetic field (Formula presented) and electric field (Formula presented) in the (2+1)-dimensional quantum theory are mapped on to (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) respectively.
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51
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85038295706
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M. Tinkham, Introduction to Superconductivity (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1975); P.-G. de Gennes, Superconductivity of Metals and Alloys (Benjamin, New York, 1966)
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M. Tinkham, Introduction to Superconductivity (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1975); P.-G. de Gennes, Superconductivity of Metals and Alloys (Benjamin, New York, 1966).
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