Who cares if police become violent? Explaining approval of police use of force using a national sample

Sociological Inquiry

Volumn 74, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 381-410

  Thompson, Brian L ^a,b   Lee, Daniel James ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA   (United States)

^b Televox Software   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 4344565718     PISSN: 00380245     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-682X.2004.00097.x     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Albrecht, Stan L. and Miles Green. 1977. "Attitudes toward the Police and the Larger Attitudes Complex." Criminology 15:67-86.
2. Applegate, Brandon K., Francis T. Cullen, Michael G. Turner, and Jody L. Sundt. 1996. "Assessing Public Support for Three-Strikes-and-You're-Out Laws: Global versus Specific Attitudes." Crime and Delinquency 42:517-34.
3. Arthur, John A. 1993. "Interpersonal Violence, Criminal Victimization and Attitudes toward Police Use of Force." International Review of Modern Sociology 23:91-106.
4. Arthur, John A. and Charles E. Case. 1994. "Race, Class and Support for Police Use of Force." Crime, Law, and Social Change 21:167-82.
5. Austin, Richard. 2000. "Under the Veil of Suspicion: Organizing Resistance and Struggling for Liberation." Pp. 206-24 in Police Brutality, edited by Jill Nelson. New York: W. W. Norton and Company.
6. Bishop, Donna M. and Charles E. Frazier. 1996. "Race Effects in Juvenile Justice Decision-Making: Findings of a Statewide Analysis." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 86:392-414.
7. Bittner, Egon. 1967. "The Police on Skid-Row: A Study of Peace Keeping." American Sociological Review 32: 699-715.
8. Blumenthal, Monica D., Robert L. Kahn, Frank M. Andrews, and Kendra B. Head. 1972. Justifying Violence: Attitudes of American Men. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
9. Browning, Sandra Lee, Francis T. Cullen, Liqun Cao, Renee Kopache, and Thomas J. Stevenson. 1994. "Race and Getting Hassled by the Police: A Research Note." Police Studies 17:1-10.
10. Cao, Liqun, James Frank, and Francis T. Cullen. 1996. "Race, Community Context and Confidence in the Police." American Journal of Police 15:3-22.
11. Chambliss, William J. 1995. "Crime Control and Ethnic Minorities: Legitimizing Racial Oppression by Creating Moral Panics." Pp. 235-58 in Ethnicity, Race and Crime, edited by Darnell F. Hawkins. Albany: State University of New York Press.
12. _. 1975. "Toward a Political Economy of Crime." Theory and Society 2:149-70.
13. _. 1969. Crime and the Legal Process. New York: McGraw-Hill.
14. Chiricos, Thodore G. and Charles Crawford. 1995. "Race and Imprisonment: A Contextual Assessment of the Evidence." Pp. 281-309 in Ethnicity, Race and Crime, edited by Darnell F. Hawkins. Albany: State University of New York Press.
15. Cullen, Francis T., Liqun Cao, James Frank, Robert H. Langworthy, Sandra Lee Browning, Renee Kopache, and Thomas J. Stevenson. 1996. "Stop or I'll Shoot: Racial Differences in Support for Police Use of Deadly Force." American Behavioral Scientist 39:449-460.
16. Daly, Kathleen. 1994. Gender, Crime, and Punishment. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
17. _. 1989. "Neither Conflict nor Labeling nor Paternalism Will Suffice: Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Family in Criminal Court Decisions." Crime and Delinquency 35:136-68.
18. Davis, James Allan and Tom W. Smith. 1999. General Social Surveys, 1972-1998. [machine-readable data file]. Principal Investigator, James A. Davis; Director and Co-Principal Investigator, Tom W. Smith; Co-Principal Investigator, Peter V. Marsden, NORC ed. Chicago: National Opinion Research Center, producer, 1998; Storrs, CT: The Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, University of Connecticut, distributor. 1 data file (38,116 logical records) and 1 codebook (1479 pp).
19. Flanagan, Timothy J. and Michael S. Vaughn. 1996. "Public Opinion about Police Abuse of Force." Pp. 113-28 in Police Violence: Understanding and Controlling Police Abuse of Force, edited by William A. Geller and Hans Toch. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
20. Frank, James, Steven G. Brandl, Francis T. Cullen, and Amy Stichman. 1996. "Reassessing the Impact of Race on Citizens' Attitudes toward the Police: A Research Note." Justice Quarterly 13:321-34.
21. Hagan, John and Celesta Albonetti. 1982. "Race, Class, and the Perception of Criminal Injustice in America." American Journal of Sociology 88:329-55.
22. Hawkins, Darnell F. 1987. "Beyond Anomalies: Re-thinking the Conflict Perspective on Race and Criminal Punishment." Social Forces 65:719-45.
23. Henderson, Martha L., Francis T. Cullen, Liqun Cao, Sandra Lee Browning, and Renee Kopache. 1997. "The Impact of Race on Perceptions of Criminal Injustice." Journal of Criminal Justice 25:447-62.
24. Jackson, Pamela Irving and Leo Carroll. 1981. "Race and the War on Crime: The Sociopolitical Determinants of Municipal Police Expenditures in 90 Non-Southern U.S. Cities." American Sociological Review 46:90-305.
25. Jacoby, Joseph E. and Francis T. Cullen. 1999. "The Structure of Punishment Norms: Applying the Rossi-Berk Model." The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 89:45-312.
26. Lasley, J. R. 1994. "The Impact of the Rodney King Incident on Citizen Attitudes toward Police." Policing and Society 3:245-55.
27. Leff, Donna R., David L. Protess, and Stephen C. Brooks. 1986. "Crusading Journalism: Changing Public Attitudes and Policy-Making Agendas." Public Opinion Quarterly 50:300-15.
28. Levin, Jack and Alexander R. Thomas. 1997. "Experimentally Manipulating Race: Perceptions of Police Brutality in an Arrest: A Research Note." Justice Quarterly 14:577-86.
29. Liska, Allen E., Mitchell B. Chamlin, and Mark D. Reed. 1985. "Testing the Economic Production and Conflict Models of Crime Control." Social Forces 64:119-38.
30. Long, J. Scott. 1997. Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
31. Nelson, Jill. 2000. "Introduction." Pp. 9-18 in Police Brutality, edited by Jill Nelson. New York: W. W. Norton and Company.
32. Parker, Keith D., Anne B. Onyekwuluje, and Komanduri S. Murty. 1995. "African Americans' Attitudes toward the Local Police: A Multivariate Analysis." Journal of Black Studies 25:396-409.
33. Peek, Charles W., Jon P. Alston, and George D. Lowe. 1978. "Comparative Evaluation of the Local Police." Public Opinion Quarterly 42:370-79.
34. Peek, Charles W., George D. Lowe, and Jon P. Alston. 1981. "Race and Attitudes toward Local Police: Another Look." Journal of Black Studies 11:361-74.
35. Priest, Thomas B. and Deborah Brown Carter. 1999. "Evaluations of Police Performance in an African American Sample." Journal of Criminal Justice 27:457-65.
36. Quinney, Richard. 1977. Class, State, and Crime. New York: David McKay.
37. _. 1974. Critique of Legal Order. Boston: Little Brown.
38. Rennison, Callie Marie. 2000. "Criminal Victimization 1999: Changes 1998-99 with Trends 1993-99." Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey. Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Justice.
39. Scaglion, Richard and Richard G. Condon. 1980. "Determinants of Attitudes toward City Police." Criminology 17:485-94.
40. Schuman, Howard and Barry Gruenberg. 1970. "The Impact of City on Racial Attitudes." American Journal of Sociology 76:213-61.
41. Scrivner, Ellen. 1994. "Police Brutality." Pp. 181-202 in Violence and The Law, edited by Mark Costanzo and Stuart Oskamp. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
42. Spitzer, Steven. 1975. "Towards a Marxism Theory of Deviance." Social Problems 22:638-51.
43. Thomas, Charles W. and Jeffrey M. Hyman. 1977. "Perceptions of Crime, Fear of Victimization, and Public Perceptions of Police Performance." Journal of Police Science and Administration 5:305-17.
44. Turk, Austin T. 1969. Criminality and Legal Order. Chicago: Rand McNally.
45. Weitzer, Ronald. 2002. "Incidents of Police Misconduct and Public Opinion." Journal of Criminal Justice 30:397-408.
46. _. 2000. "Racialized Policing: Residents' Perceptions in Three Neighborhoods." Law and Society Review 34:129-55.
47. _. 1999. "Citizens' Perceptions of Police Misconduct: Race and Neighborhood Context." Justice Quarterly 16:819-44.
48. Weitzer, Ronald and Steven A. Tuch. 2002. "Perceptions of Racial Profiling: Race, Class, and Personal Experience." Criminology 40:435-56.
49. _. 1999. "Race, Class, and Perceptions of Discrimination by the Police." Crime and Delinquency 45:464-507.
50. Wortley, Scot, John Hagan, and Ross Macmillan. 1997. "Just Des(s)erts? The Racial Polarization of Perceptions of Criminal Injustice." Law and Society Review 31:637-76.