William Bateson from Balanoglossus to materials for the study of variation: The transatlantic roots of discontinuity and the (un)naturalness of selection

Journal of the History of Biology

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 267-305

  Peterson, Erik L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME   (United States)

Author keywords

Discontinuous variation; Embryology; Ernst Mayr; Merism; Neo Darwinism; R. A. Fisher; W. F. R. Weldon; William Bateson

Indexed keywords

CONFLICT; EVOLUTION; GENETIC SELECTION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENETICS; HISTORY; REVIEW; UNITED KINGDOM;

DISSENT AND DISPUTES; EVOLUTION; GENETIC VARIATION; GENETICS; GREAT BRITAIN; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; SELECTION (GENETICS);

BALANOGLOSSUS;

EID: 43149115378     PISSN: 00225010     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10739-007-9137-5     Document Type: Review

References (114)

1. Allen Garland. 1978. Thomas Hunt Morgan: the Man and His Science. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
2. [Anon.] 1894. "Bateson's Dictionary of Variation." The American Naturalist 28(332): 692.
3. [Anon.] 1906. "William Bateson: In Memoriam," The Eagle (St. John's College magazine) 44(197): 3.
4. Bateson, Beatrice (ed.). 1928a. William Bateson, F.R.S.: His Essays and Addresses. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5. Bateson, Beatrice (ed.). 1928b. Letters from the Steppe: Written in the Years 1886-1887. London: Methuen.
6. Bateson, Gregory. 2000a. "Experiments in Thinking about Observed Ethnological Material." G. Bateson (ed.), Steps to an Ecology of Mind. Reprint ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 73-87.
7. Bateson, Gregory. 2000b. "The Role of Somatic Change in Evolution." G. Bateson (ed.), Steps to an Ecology of Mind. Reprint ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 346-365.
8. Bateson, Gregory. 2000c. "A Re-Examination of Bateson's Rule." G. Bateson (ed.), Steps to an Ecology of Mind. Reprint ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 379-399.
9. Bateson Peter. 2002. William Bateson: A Biologist Ahead of His Time. Journal of Genetics 81(2): 49-58.
10. Bateson, William. 1971. Scientific Papers of William Bateson, vol. 2. R. Punnett (ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
11. Bateson William. 1979. Problems of Genetics. Sillman Milestones in Science. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
12. Bateson William. 1992. Materials for the Study of Variation Treated with Especial Regard to Discontinuity in the Origin of Species. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
13. Bateson William, et al. 1910. William Keith Brooks, A Sketch of His Life by Some of His Former Pupils and Associates. Journal of Experimental Zoology 9(1): 1-52.
14. Benson, Keith. 1979. "William Keith Brooks (1848-1908): a Case Study in Morphology and the Development of American Biology." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Oregon State University.
15. Bowler Peter J. 1983. The Eclipse of Darwinism: Anti-Darwinian Evolution Theories in the Decades Around 1900. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
16. Bowler Peter J. 1988. The Non-Darwinian Revolution: Reinterpreting a Historical Myth. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
17. Bowler Peter J. 1989a. The Mendelian Revolution: the Emergence of Hereditarian Concepts in Modern Science and Society. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
18. Bowler Peter J. 1989b. Development and Adaptation: Evolutionary Concepts in British Morphology, 1870-1914. British Journal for the History of Science 22(3): 283-297.
19. Bowler Peter J. 1989c. Holding Your Head up High: Degeneration and Orthogenesis in Theories of Human Evolution. In J. Moore (eds.) History, Humanity, and Evolution: Essays for John C. Greene. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 329-353.
20. Bowler, Peter J. 1992. "Foreword." In Materials for the Study of Variation, Treated with Especial Regard to Discontinuity in the Origin of Species. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. xvii-xxvii.
21. Bowler Peter J. 2005. Revisiting the Eclipse of Darwinism. Journal of the History of Biology 38(1): 19-32.
22. Brautigam, Jeffery. 1993. "Inventing Biometry, Inventing 'Man': Biometrika and the Transformation of the Human Sciences." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Florida.
23. Brindley H. H. 1898. On Certain Characters of Reproduced Appendages in Arthropoda, Particularly in the Blattidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 66: 924.
24. Brooks William Keith. 1883. The Law of Heredity: a Study of the Cause of Variation. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
25. Carroll Sean. 2005. Endless Forms Most Beautiful: the New Science of Evo-Devo and the Making of the Animal Kingdom. New York: W.W. Norton.
26. Cock Alan G. 1973. William Bateson, Mendelism and Biometry Journal of the History of Biology 6(1): 1-36.
27. Cock Alan G. 1983. William Bateson's rejection and eventual acceptance of chromosome theory Annals of Science 40(1): 19-59.
28. Cockerell T. D. A. 1894. Discontinous colour-variation. Letter to the editor Nature 50(1287): 197-198.
29. Coleman William. 1970a. Bateson and chromosomes: conservative thought in science Centaurus 15(3/4): 228-314.
30. Coleman William. 1970b Bateson, William. In C. Gillespie (eds.) Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 1. New York: Scribner, pp. 505-506.
31. Conn H. W. 1895. Review of Materials for the Study of Variation Science (new series) 1(1): 23-24.
32. Crowther J. G. 1952. British Scientists of the Twentieth Century. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
33. Darden Lindley. 1991. Theory and Change in Science: Strategies from Mendelian Genetics. Monographs on the History and Philosophy of Biology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
34. Darwin Charles. 1872. The Origin of Species. 6th ed. London: John Murray.
35. Darwin Charles. 1885. The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, vol. 2, 2nd ed. London: John Murray.
36. Depew, David, Weber, Bruce. 1995. Darwinism Evolving: Systems Dynamics and the Genealogy of Natural Selection. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
37. Endersby Jim. 2003. Darwin on generation, pangenesis, and sexual selection. In J. Hodge, G. Radick (eds.) The Cambridge Companion to Darwin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 69-91.
38. Evans, David. 2004. "Newton, Alfred (1829-1907)." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/35221, accessed 15 April 2006].
39. Falk Raphael. 2003. Linkage: from particulate to interactive genetics Journal of the History of Biology 36(1): 87-117.
40. Fisher Ronald A. 1922. Darwinian evolution by mutations Eugenics Review 14: 31-34.
41. Fisher, Ronald A. 1999. The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Variorum ed. J. Bennett (ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
42. Froggatt P., Nevin N. C. 1971. The 'Law of Ancestral Heredity' and the Mendelian-Ancestrian controversy in England, 1889-1906 Journal of Medical Genetics 8(1): 1-36.
43. Galton Francis. 1894. Discontinuity in evolution Mind (n.s.) 3(11): 369.
44. Gayon Jean. 1998. Darwinism's Struggle for Survival: Heredity and the Hypothesis of Natural Selection. Cambridge Studies in Philosophy of Biology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
45. Ghiselin Michael. 1980. The failure of morphology to assimilate Darwinism. In E. Mayr W. Provine (eds.) The Evolutionary Synthesis: Perspectives on the Unification of Biology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 180-193.
46. Gillham Nicholas. 2001. Evolution by jumps Francis Galton and William Bateson and the mechanism of evolutionary change Genetics 159(4): 1383-1392.
47. Gould Stephen Jay. 1977. Eternal metaphors of palaeontology. In A. Hallam (eds.) Patterns of Evolution as Illustrated by the Fossil Record. Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, 5. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing, Co., pp. 1-26.
48. Gould Stephen Jay. 1983. The hardening of the modern synthesis. In M. Grene (eds.) Dimensions of Darwinism: Themes and Counterthemes in Twentieth-Century Evolutionary Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 71-93.
49. Gould Stephen Jay. 1998. Darwinism and the expansion of evolutionary theory. In M. Ruse (eds.) Philosophy of Biology. Amherst, New York: Promethius Books, pp. 100-117.
50. Grebowicz, Margret. 2004. "Consensus, Dissensus, and Democracy: What is at Stake in Feminist Science Studies?" In Proceedings Philosophy of Science Assoc. 19th Biennial Meeting - PSA 2004. PSA 2004 Contributed Papers, Austin, TX. [ http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/rchive/00001946, accessed 7 June 2007].
51. Grene Marjorie, Depew David. 2004. The Philosophy of Biology: an Episodic History. The Evolution of Modern Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
52. Haldane, J. B. S. 1926. "William Bateson," The Nation & The Athenæum 30 (Feb. 26): 713.
53. Hall Brian. 2000. Balfour, Garstang and de Beer the first century of evolutionary embryology American Zoologist 40(3): 718-728.
54. Hall Brian. 2005. Betrayed by Balanoglossus: William Bateson's rejection of evolutionary embryology as the basis for understanding evolution Journal of Experimental Zoology (Mol. Dev. Evol), 304B(1): 1-17.
55. Hamburger Viktor. 1988. The Heritage of Experimental Embryology: Hans Spemann and the Organizer. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
56. Harper Peter S. 2005. William Bateson, human genetics, and medicine Human Genetics 118(1): 141-151.
57. Heinemann J. A. 1993. Review of Materials for the Study of Variation Treated with Especial Regard to Discontinuity in the Origin of Species The Quarterly Review of Biology 68(3): 429-430.
58. Henig Robin M. 2000. The Monk in the Garden: The Lost and Found Genius of Gregor Mendel, the Father of Genetics. New York: Houghton-Mifflin.
59. Hull David. 1985. Darwinism as a historical entity: a historiographic proposal. In D. Kohn (eds.) The Darwinian Heritage. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 773-823.
60. Huxley, Julian. 1960. "The Emergence of Darwinism." S. Tax (ed.), The Evolution of Life: It's Origin, History, and Future, vol. 1. Evolution After Darwin, The University of Chicago Centennial, vol. 3. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 1-21.
61. Huxley, Leonard (ed.). 1900. Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley, vol. 2. New York: D. Appleton and Co.
62. Huxley, Thomas Henry. 2006. Darwiniana: Essays, vol. 2. Collected essays (1893-1894). Charleston, SC: Bibliobazaar. [Originally published 1893].
63. Jenkin H. C. F. 1867. Review of The Origin of Species North British Review 46: 277-318.
64. Keiner Christine. 1998. W.K. Brooks and the oyster question science, politics, and resource management in Maryland, 1880-1930 Journal of the History of Biology 31(3): 383-424.
65. Kevles Daniel. 1980. Genetics in the United States and Great Britain, 1890-1930 a review with speculations Isis 71(3): 441-455.
66. Kirschner Marc W., Gerhart John C. 2005. The Plausibility of Life: Resolving Darwin's Dilemma. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
67. Lipset David. 1980. Gregory Bateson: the Legacy of a Scientist. Boston: Beacon Press.
68. MacKenzie Donald. 1981. Statistics in Britain, 1865-1930. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
69. Maienschein Jane. 1987. H.N. Martin and W.K. Brooks: exemplars for American biology American Zoologist 27(3): 773-783.
70. Maienschein Jane. 1991. Transforming Traditions in American Biology, 1880-1915. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
71. Martins Lilian A. P. 1999. William Bateson da evolução à genética Episteme Filosofia e História das Ciências em Revista 8: 67-88.
72. Mayr Ernst. 1949a. Systematics and the Origin of Species. New York: Columbia University Press.
73. Mayr Ernst. 1949b. Speciation and Selection Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 93(6): 514-519.
74. Mayr, Ernst. 1960. "The Emergence of Evolutionary Novelties." S. Tax (ed.), The Evolution of Life: It's Origin, History, and Future, vol. 1. Evolution After Darwin, The University of Chicago Centennial, vol. 3. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 349-380.
75. Mayr Ernst. 1963. Animal Species and Evolution. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
76. Mayr Ernst. 1973. The recent historiography of genetics Journal of the History of Biology 6(1): 125-154.
77. Mayr Ernst. 1980. Prologue: some thoughts on the history of the evolutionary synthesis. In E. Mayr, W. Provine (eds.) The Evolutionary Synthesis: Perspectives on the Unification of Biology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 1-48.
78. McCullough Dennis. 1969. W. K. Brooks' role in the history of American biology Journal of the History of Biology 2(2): 411-438.
79. Morgan Thomas H. 1927. William Bateson Annual Proceedings of the Smithsonian Institution, 1926: 521-532.
80. Nordmann Alfred. 1992. Darwinians at war: Bateson's place in histories of Darwinism Synthese 91: 53-72.
81. Norton BJ. 1973. The biometric defense of Darwinism Journal of the History of Biology 6(2): 283-316.
82. Norton BJ 1983. Fisher's entrance into evolutionary science: the role of eugenics. In M. Grene (eds.) Dimensions of Darwinism: Themes and Counterthemes in Twentieth-Century Evolutionary Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 19-29.
83. Norton, B.J. and Pearson, E.S. 1976. "A Note on the Background to, and Refereeing of, R. A. Fisher's 1918 Paper 'On the Correlation Between Relatives on the Supposition of Mendelian Inheritance.'" Notes and Records of the Royal Society 32: 151-162.
84. Olby, Robert. 1985. Origins of Mendelism, 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
85. Olby Robert. 1989a. The dimensions of scientific controversy the biometric-Mendelian debate British Journal for the History of Science 22(3): 299-320.
86. Olby, Robert. 1989b. Scientists and bureaucrats in the establishment of the John Innes Horticultural Institution under William Bateson Annals of Science 46(5): 497-510.
87. Olby, Robert. 2004. "Bateson, William (1861-1926)," Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/30641, accessed 3 April 2006].
88. Osborn, Henry L. 1898. A case of variation in the number of ambulacral systems of Arbacia punctulata The American Naturalist 32(376): 259-261.
89. Pearson, Karl. 1906. Walter Frank Raphael Weldon, 1860-1906 Biometrika 5(1/2): 1-52.
90. Provine, William. 1983. The development of Wright's theory of evolution: systematics, adaptation, and drift. In M. Grene (eds.) Dimensions of Darwinism: Themes and Counterthemes in Twentieth-Century Evolutionary Theory. Cambridge University Press, pp. 43-70.
91. Provine, William. 1985. Adaptation and mechanisms of evolution after Darwin: a study in persistent controversies. In D. Kohn (eds.) The Darwinian Heritage. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 825-886.
92. Provine, William. 2001. The Origins of Theoretical Population Genetics. Reprint edition with a new afterword. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
93. Punnett R. C. 1950. Early days of genetics Heredity 4(1): 1-10.
94. Richmond, Marsha L. 2006. The 1909 Darwin Celebration: reexamining evolution in the light of Mendel, mutation, and meiosis Isis 97(3): 447-484.
95. Robinson, Gloria. 1979. A Prelude to Genetics: Theories of a Material Substance of Heredity, Darwin to Weismann. Lawrence, KS: Coronado Press.
96. Romanes, George J. 1894. "Panmixia," Letter to the Editor. Nature 50(1280) (May 10): 74-75.
97. Rosenberg, Alexander. 1985. The Structure of Biological Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
98. Schwartz, Sara. 2002. Characters as units and the case of the presence and absence hypothesis Biology and Philosophy 17(3): 369-388.
99. Schwartz, Jeffery H. 2007. "Recognizing William Bateson's Contributions." Letter to the Editor. Science 315(5815) (Feb. 23): 1077.
100. Scott W. B. 1894. On variations and mutations American Journal of Science (3rd series) 48(287): 355-374.
101. Sedgwick, Adam. 2001. Objections to Mr. Darwin's Theory of the Origin of Species (1860). In P. Appleman (eds.) Darwin: a Norton Critical Edition. 3rd ed. New York: Norton, pp. 265-267.
102. Sloan, Phillip R. 2000. Mach's phenomenalism and the British reception of Mendelism. "Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences. Série III, Sciences de la Vie 323(12): 1069-79.
103. Stebbins G. L. 1980. Botany and the synthetic theory of evolution. In E. Mayr, W. Provine (eds.) The Evolutionary Synthesis: Perspectives on the Unification of Biology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 139-152.
104. Swinburne R. G. 1964. The presence-and-absence theory Annals of Science 18(3): 130-145.
105. Turner, John R. G. 1983. 'The hypothesis that explains mimetic resemblance explains evolution': the gradualist-saltationist schism. In M. Grene (eds.) Dimensions of Darwinism: Themes and Counterthemes in Twentieth-Century Evolutionary Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 129-169.
106. Wallace, Alfred R. 1894. Panmixia and natural selection, Letter to the editor. Nature 50(1287): 196-197.
107. Wallace, Alfred R. 1895. "The Method of Organic Evolution." Fortnightly Review (new series) 57: 211-24, 435-445.
108. Webster, Gerry. 1992. "William Bateson and the Science of Form." In Materials for the Study of Variation, Treated with Especial Regard to Discontinuity in the Origin of Species. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. xxix-lix.
109. Weldon W. F. R. 1892. Certain correlated variations in Crangon vulgaris Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 51: 1-21.
110. Weldon W. F. R. 1894a. Panmixia, Letter to the editor. Nature 50(1279): 5.
111. Weldon W. F. R. 1894b. The study of animal variation; review of: Materials for the Study of Variation, Treated with Especial Regard to Discontinuity in the Origin of Species Nature 50(1280): 25-26.
112. Weldon W. F. R. 1895. An attempt to measure the death-rate due to the selective destruction of Carcinas moenas with respect to particular dimensions Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 57: 360-79.
113. Williams, George C. 1966. Adaptation and Natural Selection: a Critique of Some Current Evolutionary Thought. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
114. Ziarek, Ewa. 2001. An Ethics of Dissensus: Postmodernity, Feminism, and the Politics of Radical Democracy. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.