메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 163, Issue 3-4, 2008, Pages 384-400

Emplacement and deformation features of syntectonic leucocratic veins from Rainy Lake zone (Western Superior Province, Canada)

Author keywords

Archean; Dyke; Rheology; Strain analysis; Superior Province; Transpression

Indexed keywords

ARCHEAN; DEFORMATION; DIKE; EMPLACEMENT; HOST ROCK; IGNEOUS INTRUSION; LACUSTRINE ENVIRONMENT; MAGMATISM; RHEOLOGY; VEIN (GEOLOGY);

EID: 43049167397     PISSN: 03019268     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.precamres.2008.02.001     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (27)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0000690536 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of sheet intrusion
    • E.M. Anderson The dynamics of sheet intrusion Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., Sec. B 58 3 1938 242 251
    • (1938) Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., Sec. B , vol.58 , Issue.3 , pp. 242-251
    • Anderson, E.M.1
  • 2
    • 0019100204 scopus 로고
    • Numerical models of hydraulic fracturing and the interpretation of syntectonic veins
    • A. Beach Numerical models of hydraulic fracturing and the interpretation of syntectonic veins J. Struct. Geol. 2 1980 425 438
    • (1980) J. Struct. Geol. , vol.2 , pp. 425-438
    • Beach, A.1
  • 4
    • 43049172832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some misleading boudin-like structures
    • P.D. Bons E. Druguet Some misleading boudin-like structures Geogaceta 41 2007 31 34
    • (2007) Geogaceta , vol.41 , pp. 31-34
    • Bons, P.D.1    Druguet, E.2
  • 6
    • 0027335438 scopus 로고
    • Regional kinematics inferred from magnetic subfabrics in Archean rocks of northern Ontario, Canada
    • G.J. Borradaile J.F. Dehls Regional kinematics inferred from magnetic subfabrics in Archean rocks of northern Ontario, Canada J. Struct. Geol. 15 1993 887 894
    • (1993) J. Struct. Geol. , vol.15 , pp. 887-894
    • Borradaile, G.J.1    Dehls, J.F.2
  • 7
    • 0027456187 scopus 로고
    • Archean regional transpression and paleomagnetism in northwestern Ontario Canada
    • G.J. Borradaile T. Werner J.F. Dehls R.N. Spark Archean regional transpression and paleomagnetism in northwestern Ontario Canada Tectonophysics 220 1993 117 125
    • (1993) Tectonophysics , vol.220 , pp. 117-125
    • Borradaile, G.J.1    Werner, T.2    Dehls, J.F.3    Spark, R.N.4
  • 8
    • 85120268132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J.L. Bouchez D.H.W. Hutton W.E. Stephens Granite: From Segregation of Melt to Emplacement Fabrics 1997 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht
    • (1997)
  • 9
    • 0032154137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granite ascent and emplacement during contractional deformation in convergent orogens
    • M. Brown G.S. Solar Granite ascent and emplacement during contractional deformation in convergent orogens J. Struct. Geol. 20 1998 1365 1393
    • (1998) J. Struct. Geol. , vol.20 , pp. 1365-1393
    • Brown, M.1    Solar, G.S.2
  • 10
    • 0022835786 scopus 로고
    • DNAG subdivisions of the Superior Province of the Canadian Shield
    • K.D. Card A. Ciesielski DNAG subdivisions of the Superior Province of the Canadian Shield Geosci. Canada 13 1986 5 13
    • (1986) Geosci. Canada , vol.13 , pp. 5-13
    • Card, K.D.1    Ciesielski, A.2
  • 11
    • 0028669235 scopus 로고
    • Structural zonation as a result of inhomogeneous non-coaxial deformation and its control on syntectonic intrusions: an example from the Cap de Creus area (Eastern-Pyrenees)
    • J. Carreras E. Druguet Structural zonation as a result of inhomogeneous non-coaxial deformation and its control on syntectonic intrusions: an example from the Cap de Creus area (Eastern-Pyrenees) J. Struct. Geol. 16 1994 1525 1534
    • (1994) J. Struct. Geol. , vol.16 , pp. 1525-1534
    • Carreras, J.1    Druguet, E.2
  • 12
    • 35348927684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-transgressive Archean unconformities underlying molasse basin-fill successions of dissected oceanic arcs, Superior Province, Canada
    • P.L. Corcoran W.U. Mueller Time-transgressive Archean unconformities underlying molasse basin-fill successions of dissected oceanic arcs, Superior Province, Canada J. Geol. 115 2007 655 674
    • (2007) J. Geol. , vol.115 , pp. 655-674
    • Corcoran, P.L.1    Mueller, W.U.2
  • 13
    • 85120287947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Czeck, D.M., 2001. Strain analysis, rheological constraints, and tectonic model for an Archean polymictic conglomerate: Superior Province, Ontario, Canada. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Minnesota.
  • 14
    • 0037410705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing models for obliquely plunging lineations in transpression: a natural example and theoretical discussion
    • D.M. Czeck P.J. Hudleston Testing models for obliquely plunging lineations in transpression: a natural example and theoretical discussion J. Struct. Geol. 25 2003 959 982
    • (2003) J. Struct. Geol. , vol.25 , pp. 959-982
    • Czeck, D.M.1    Hudleston, P.J.2
  • 15
    • 34247264295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the relationship between emplacement of the Algoman Plutons and regional deformation in the Rainy Lake region, Ontario
    • D.M. Czeck S.M. Maes C.L. Sturm E.M. Fein Assessment of the relationship between emplacement of the Algoman Plutons and regional deformation in the Rainy Lake region, Ontario Can. J. Earth Sci. 43 2006 1653 1671
    • (2006) Can. J. Earth Sci. , vol.43 , pp. 1653-1671
    • Czeck, D.M.1    Maes, S.M.2    Sturm, C.L.3    Fein, E.M.4
  • 16
    • 85120269687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cosgrove, J.W., 1995. The expression of hydraulic fracturing in rocks and sediments. In: Ameen, M.S. (Ed.), Fractography: Fracture Topography as a Tool in Fracture Mechanics and Stress Analysis. Geological Society, London, Special Publication No. 92, pp. 187–196.
  • 17
    • 0028193641 scopus 로고
    • Role of melt during deformation in the deep crust
    • C. Davidson S.M. Schmid L.S. Hollister Role of melt during deformation in the deep crust Terra Nova 6 1994 133 142
    • (1994) Terra Nova , vol.6 , pp. 133-142
    • Davidson, C.1    Schmid, S.M.2    Hollister, L.S.3
  • 18
    • 0024927249 scopus 로고
    • New insights into Archean crustal development from geochronology in the Rainy Lake area, Superior Province, Canada
    • D.W. Davis K.H. Poulsen S.L. Kamo New insights into Archean crustal development from geochronology in the Rainy Lake area, Superior Province, Canada J. Geol. 97 1989 379 398
    • (1989) J. Geol. , vol.97 , pp. 379-398
    • Davis, D.W.1    Poulsen, K.H.2    Kamo, S.L.3
  • 19
    • 85120256783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delaney, P.T., Pollard, D.D., 1981. Deformation of host rocks and flow of magma during growth of minette dikes and breccia-bearing intrusions near Ship Rock, New Mexico. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1202.
  • 20
    • 0024194512 scopus 로고
    • Strain determination from three known stretches—an exact solution
    • D.G. De Paor Strain determination from three known stretches—an exact solution J. Struct. Geol. 10 1988 639 642
    • (1988) J. Struct. Geol. , vol.10 , pp. 639-642
    • De Paor, D.G.1
  • 21
    • 0026446620 scopus 로고
    • Granite magma generation, ascent and emplacement within a transpressional orogen
    • R.S. D’Lemos M. Brown R.A. Strachan Granite magma generation, ascent and emplacement within a transpressional orogen J. Geol. Soc., Lond. 149 1992 487 490
    • (1992) J. Geol. Soc., Lond. , vol.149 , pp. 487-490
    • D’Lemos, R.S.1    Brown, M.2    Strachan, R.A.3
  • 22
    • 33748937393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analogue modelling of syntectonic leucosomes in migmatitic schists
    • E. Druguet J. Carreras Analogue modelling of syntectonic leucosomes in migmatitic schists J. Struct. Geol. 28 2006 1734 1747
    • (2006) J. Struct. Geol. , vol.28 , pp. 1734-1747
    • Druguet, E.1    Carreras, J.2
  • 24
    • 80052526506 scopus 로고
    • On folding during three-dimensional progressive deformation
    • D. Flinn On folding during three-dimensional progressive deformation Q. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 118 1962 385 433
    • (1962) Q. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. , vol.118 , pp. 385-433
    • Flinn, D.1
  • 25
    • 0034255972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extensional failure and hydraulic valving at Minas da Panasqueira, Portugal: evidence from vein spatial distribution, displacements and geometries
    • K.A. Foxford R. Nicholson D.A. Polya R.P.B. Hebblethwaite Extensional failure and hydraulic valving at Minas da Panasqueira, Portugal: evidence from vein spatial distribution, displacements and geometries J. Struct. Geol. 22 2000 1065 1086
    • (2000) J. Struct. Geol. , vol.22 , pp. 1065-1086
    • Foxford, K.A.1    Nicholson, R.2    Polya, D.A.3    Hebblethwaite, R.P.B.4
  • 26
    • 85120279844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fralick, P., Davis, D., 1999. The Seine-Coutchiching problem revisited: sedimentology, geochronology and geochemistry of sedimentary units in the Rainy Lake and Sioux Lookout areas. In: Harrap, R.M., Helmstaedt, H.H. (Eds.), Western Superior Transect Fifth Annual Workshop. Lithoprobe Report 70, Lithoprobe Secretariat, University of British Columbia, pp. 66–75.
  • 27
    • 33845667506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neoarchean trans-subprovince sediment transport in southwestern Superior Province: sedimentological, geochemical, and geochronological evidence
    • P. Fralick R.H. Purdon D.W. Davis Neoarchean trans-subprovince sediment transport in southwestern Superior Province: sedimentological, geochemical, and geochronological evidence Can. J. Earth Sci. 43 2006 1055 1070
    • (2006) Can. J. Earth Sci. , vol.43 , pp. 1055-1070
    • Fralick, P.1    Purdon, R.H.2    Davis, D.W.3
  • 28
    • 0016993525 scopus 로고
    • Reorientation of inclusions by combination of pure shear and simple shear
    • S.K. Ghosh H. Ramberg Reorientation of inclusions by combination of pure shear and simple shear Tectonophysics 34 1976 1 70
    • (1976) Tectonophysics , vol.34 , pp. 1-70
    • Ghosh, S.K.1    Ramberg, H.2
  • 29
    • 84995101371 scopus 로고
    • Geology and geochemistry of the Rainy Lake area
    • S.S. Goldich Z.E. Peterman Geology and geochemistry of the Rainy Lake area Precamb. Res. 11 1980 307 327
    • (1980) Precamb. Res. , vol.11 , pp. 307-327
    • Goldich, S.S.1    Peterman, Z.E.2
  • 30
    • 1342331202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boudinage classification: end-member boudin types and modified boudins structures
    • B.D. Goscombe C.W. Passchier M. Hand Boudinage classification: end-member boudin types and modified boudins structures J. Struct. Geol. 26 2004 739 763
    • (2004) J. Struct. Geol. , vol.26 , pp. 739-763
    • Goscombe, B.D.1    Passchier, C.W.2    Hand, M.3
  • 31
    • 85120284688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hanmer, S., Passchier, C.W., 1991. Shear-Sense Indicators: A Review. Geological Survey of Canada. Paper 90-17, p. 72.
  • 32
    • 3242877530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emplacement of polygeneration pegmatites in relation to Sveco-Norwegian contractional tectonics: examples from southern Norway
    • I.H.C. Henderson P.M. Ihlen Emplacement of polygeneration pegmatites in relation to Sveco-Norwegian contractional tectonics: examples from southern Norway Precamb. Res. 133 2004 207 222
    • (2004) Precamb. Res. , vol.133 , pp. 207-222
    • Henderson, I.H.C.1    Ihlen, P.M.2
  • 33
    • 0026291015 scopus 로고
    • A classification of dyke-fracture geometry with examples from Precambrian dyke swarms in the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica
    • J.D. Hoek A classification of dyke-fracture geometry with examples from Precambrian dyke swarms in the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica Geologische Rundschau 80 1991 233 248
    • (1991) Geologische Rundschau , vol.80 , pp. 233-248
    • Hoek, J.D.1
  • 34
    • 0019999543 scopus 로고
    • A tectonic model for the emplacement of the main Donegal granite
    • D.H.W. Hutton A tectonic model for the emplacement of the main Donegal granite J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 139 1982 615 631
    • (1982) J. Geol. Soc. Lond. , vol.139 , pp. 615-631
    • Hutton, D.H.W.1
  • 35
    • 0024196961 scopus 로고
    • Granite emplacement mechanisms and tectonic controls: inferences from deformation studies
    • D.H.W. Hutton Granite emplacement mechanisms and tectonic controls: inferences from deformation studies Trans. R. Soc. Edinb.: Earth Sci. 79 1988 245 255
    • (1988) Trans. R. Soc. Edinb.: Earth Sci. , vol.79 , pp. 245-255
    • Hutton, D.H.W.1
  • 36
    • 0027062052 scopus 로고
    • Granite sheeted complexes: evidence for the dyking ascent mechanism
    • D.H.W. Hutton Granite sheeted complexes: evidence for the dyking ascent mechanism Trans. R. Soc. Edinb.: Earth Sci. 83 1992 377 382
    • (1992) Trans. R. Soc. Edinb.: Earth Sci. , vol.83 , pp. 377-382
    • Hutton, D.H.W.1
  • 37
    • 84879885063 scopus 로고
    • The Great Tonalite Sill: emplacement into a contractional shear zone and implications for Late Cretaceous to Early Eocene tectonics in southeastern Alaska and British Columbia
    • G.M. Ingram D.H.W. Hutton The Great Tonalite Sill: emplacement into a contractional shear zone and implications for Late Cretaceous to Early Eocene tectonics in southeastern Alaska and British Columbia Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 106 1994 715 728
    • (1994) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. , vol.106 , pp. 715-728
    • Ingram, G.M.1    Hutton, D.H.W.2
  • 38
    • 33751247607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conjugate oblique-extension veins in shear and tensile fracture systems at Komis gold mine and Mufferaw gold prospect, northern Saskatchewan
    • B. Lafrance Conjugate oblique-extension veins in shear and tensile fracture systems at Komis gold mine and Mufferaw gold prospect, northern Saskatchewan Exploration Mining Geol. 13 2004 129 137
    • (2004) Exploration Mining Geol. , vol.13 , pp. 129-137
    • Lafrance, B.1
  • 39
    • 33645514752 scopus 로고
    • Geology of the Rainy Lake region, with remarks on the classification of the Crystalline Rocks west of Lake Superior, preliminary note
    • A.C. Lawson Geology of the Rainy Lake region, with remarks on the classification of the Crystalline Rocks west of Lake Superior, preliminary note Am. J. Sci. 33 1887 473 480
    • (1887) Am. J. Sci. , vol.33 , pp. 473-480
    • Lawson, A.C.1
  • 40
    • 85120288845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lawson, A.C., 1913. The Archaean geology of Rainy Lake re-studied. Memoir-Geological Survey of Canada, Report 40.
  • 41
    • 0026307756 scopus 로고
    • Fluid-mechanical models of crack propagation and their application to magma transport in dykes
    • J.R. Lister R.C. Kerr Fluid-mechanical models of crack propagation and their application to magma transport in dykes J. Geophys. Res. 96 1991 10049 10077
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 10049-10077
    • Lister, J.R.1    Kerr, R.C.2
  • 42
    • 33947260544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microstructures in a Banded Iron Formation (Gua mine India)
    • M.A. Mamtani A. Mukherji A.K. Chaudhuri Microstructures in a Banded Iron Formation (Gua mine India) Geol. Mag. 144 2007 271 287
    • (2007) Geol. Mag. , vol.144 , pp. 271-287
    • Mamtani, M.A.1    Mukherji, A.2    Chaudhuri, A.K.3
  • 43
    • 34247544471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of boudinaged rigid objects as a strain gauge: Insights from analogue and numerical models
    • N. Mandal R. Dhar S. Misra C. Chakraborty Use of boudinaged rigid objects as a strain gauge: Insights from analogue and numerical models J. Struct. Geol. 29 2007 759 773
    • (2007) J. Struct. Geol. , vol.29 , pp. 759-773
    • Mandal, N.1    Dhar, R.2    Misra, S.3    Chakraborty, C.4
  • 44
    • 85120239999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marquis, R., 2004. Towards a better understanding of the Superior Province. Québec Mines, Mining Information Bulletin. http://www.mrnf.gouv.qc.ca/english/mines/quebec-mines/2004-10/superior.asp .
  • 46
    • 0025593780 scopus 로고
    • Reconstruction of deformation and flow parameters from deformed veins sets
    • C.W. Passchier Reconstruction of deformation and flow parameters from deformed veins sets Tectonophysics 180 1990 185 199
    • (1990) Tectonophysics , vol.180 , pp. 185-199
    • Passchier, C.W.1
  • 47
    • 0036367620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical modelling of asymmetric boudinage
    • C.W. Passchier E. Druguet Numerical modelling of asymmetric boudinage J. Struct. Geol. 24 2002 1789 1803
    • (2002) J. Struct. Geol. , vol.24 , pp. 1789-1803
    • Passchier, C.W.1    Druguet, E.2
  • 48
    • 84892315293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microtectonics
    • C.W. Passchier R.A.J. Trouw Microtectonics second ed. 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin
    • (2005)
    • Passchier, C.W.1    Trouw, R.A.J.2
  • 49
    • 0027036868 scopus 로고
    • Effects of layering and anisotropy on fault geometry
    • D.C.P. Peacock D.J. Sanderson Effects of layering and anisotropy on fault geometry J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 149 1992 793 802
    • (1992) J. Geol. Soc. Lond. , vol.149 , pp. 793-802
    • Peacock, D.C.P.1    Sanderson, D.J.2
  • 50
    • 84879879379 scopus 로고
    • Late Archean Quetico accretionary complex, Superior province, Canada
    • J.A. Percival H.R. Williams Late Archean Quetico accretionary complex, Superior province, Canada Geology 17 1989 23 25
    • (1989) Geology , vol.17 , pp. 23-25
    • Percival, J.A.1    Williams, H.R.2
  • 51
    • 0034619811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granite formation, transport and emplacement in the Earth's crust
    • N. Petford A.R. Cruden K.J.W. McCaffrey J.-L. Vigneresse Granite formation, transport and emplacement in the Earth's crust Nature 408 2000 669 673
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 669-673
    • Petford, N.1    Cruden, A.R.2    McCaffrey, K.J.W.3    Vigneresse, J.-L.4
  • 53
    • 85120281755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poulsen, K.H., 1986. Rainy Lake Wrench Zone: an example of an Archean Subprovince boundary in Northwestern Ontario. In: de Wit, M.J., Ashwal, L.D. (Eds.), Tectonic Evolution of Greenstone Belts, Technical Report 86-10, pp. 177–179.
  • 54
    • 85120253172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poulsen, K.H., 2000. Archean metallogeny of the Mine Centre-Fort Frances area. Ontario Geological Survey Report 266, 121 pp.
  • 55
    • 0004116651 scopus 로고
    • Folding and Fracturing of Rocks
    • J.G. Ramsay Folding and Fracturing of Rocks 1967 Mc Graw-Hill New York p. 568
    • (1967)
    • Ramsay, J.G.1
  • 56
    • 0004312127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology: vol. 3. Applications of Continuum Mechanics in Structural Geology
    • J.G. Ramsay R. Lisle The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology: vol. 3. Applications of Continuum Mechanics in Structural Geology 2000 Academic Press London
    • (2000)
    • Ramsay, J.G.1    Lisle, R.2
  • 57
    • 0028812985 scopus 로고
    • Propagation of magma-filled cracks
    • A.M. Rubin Propagation of magma-filled cracks Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 23 1995 287 336
    • (1995) Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. , vol.23 , pp. 287-336
    • Rubin, A.M.1
  • 58
    • 0000254770 scopus 로고
    • Role of fluid pressure in jointing
    • D.T. Secor Role of fluid pressure in jointing Am. J. Sci. 263 1965 633 646
    • (1965) Am. J. Sci. , vol.263 , pp. 633-646
    • Secor, D.T.1
  • 59
    • 85120255187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sim, Y., 2004. Mechanics of complex hydraulic fractures in the Earth's crust. Ph.D. thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 324 pp.
  • 60
    • 0027334327 scopus 로고
    • Strain and kinematic analysis in general shear zones
    • C. Simpson D.G. De Paor Strain and kinematic analysis in general shear zones J. Struct. Geol. 15 1993 1 20
    • (1993) J. Struct. Geol. , vol.15 , pp. 1-20
    • Simpson, C.1    De Paor, D.G.2
  • 61
    • 33744982106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating vorticity from fibrous calcite veins, central Maine, USA
    • H.A. Short S.E. Johnson Estimating vorticity from fibrous calcite veins, central Maine, USA J. Struct. Geol. 28 2006 1167 1182
    • (2006) J. Struct. Geol. , vol.28 , pp. 1167-1182
    • Short, H.A.1    Johnson, S.E.2
  • 62
  • 63
    • 85120239682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stockwell, C.H., 1982. Proposals for time classification and correlation of Precambrian rocks and events in Canada and adjacent areas of the Canadian shield. Part 1: time classification of Precambrian rocks and events. Geol. Surv. Can. Pap., 80–90, 135 pp.
  • 64
    • 0026012666 scopus 로고
    • Deformation at an Archean subprovince boundary, northern Minnesota
    • J.R. Tabor P.J. Hudleston Deformation at an Archean subprovince boundary, northern Minnesota Can. J. Earth Sci. 28 1991 292 307
    • (1991) Can. J. Earth Sci. , vol.28 , pp. 292-307
    • Tabor, J.R.1    Hudleston, P.J.2
  • 65
    • 0003020183 scopus 로고
    • The minimum strain ellipsoid using deformed quartz veins
    • C.J. Talbot The minimum strain ellipsoid using deformed quartz veins Tectonophysics 9 1970 46 76
    • (1970) Tectonophysics , vol.9 , pp. 46-76
    • Talbot, C.J.1
  • 66
    • 0020239735 scopus 로고
    • A theory of finite strain variation through contrasting layers, and its bearing on cleavage refraction
    • S.H. Treagus A theory of finite strain variation through contrasting layers, and its bearing on cleavage refraction J. Struct. Geol. 5 1983 351 368
    • (1983) J. Struct. Geol. , vol.5 , pp. 351-368
    • Treagus, S.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.