New methodology for hazardous waste classification using fuzzy set theory. Part I. Knowledge acquisition

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Volumn 154, Issue 1-3, 2008, Pages 1040-1051

  Musee, N ^a   Lorenzen, L ^a   Aldrich, C ^a  

^a STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Composite wastes; Ecotoxicity; Exposure potency; Hazardous; Human toxicity; Waste classification

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; FUZZY SETS; KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION; TOXIC MATERIALS;

COMPOSITE WASTES; ECOTOXICITY; EXPOSURE POTENCY; HAZARDOUS; HUMAN TOXICITY; WASTE CLASSIFICATION;

WASTE MANAGEMENT;

ALGORITHMS; FUZZY SETS; KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION; TOXIC MATERIALS; WASTE MANAGEMENT;

ALGORITHM; ECOTOXICOLOGY; FUZZY MATHEMATICS; HAZARDOUS WASTE; HEALTH IMPACT; PHYSICAL PROPERTY; POLLUTION EFFECT; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; TOXIC MATERIAL; TOXICITY;

ACUTE TOXICITY; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ARTICLE; AUTOMATION; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BIOACCUMULATION; CHRONIC TOXICITY; CLASSIFICATION; CORROSION; ECOTOXICITY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FLAMMABILITY; FUZZY SYSTEM; HAZARDOUS WASTE; HUMAN; MYCOSIS; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PH; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; VIRUS INFECTION; WASTE MANAGEMENT;

ALGORITHMS; ANIMALS; DECISION SUPPORT TECHNIQUES; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FUZZY LOGIC; HAZARDOUS WASTE; HUMANS;

MAMMALIA;

EID: 43049097166     PISSN: 03043894     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.11.011     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. LaGrega M.D., Buckinham P.L., and Evans J.C. Hazardous Waste Management (1994), McGraw-Hill, New York
2. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa, Minimum Requirements for the Handling, Classification and Disposal of Hazardous Waste, 2nd ed., 1998.
3. United States of America Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Serious Reduction of Hazardous Waste: For Pollution Prevention and Industrial Efficiency, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1996.
4. Code of Federal Regulations, Resource Conservation and Recovery ACT (RCRA) Training Manual, Title 40, Part 261, Introduction to hazardous waste identification. United States of America Environmental protection Agency, EPA/530/K-05/012, Washington, DC Office, 2005.
5. Chapman P.M., Fairbrother A., and Brown D. A critical review of safety (uncertainty) factors for ecological risk assessment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 1 (1998) 99-108
6. Code of Federal Regulations, Protection of the environment. Title 40, Part 261, Identification and listing of hazardous waste. United States of America Environmental protection Agency, Washington, DC Office, 1997.
7. Loranger T., and Delistraty D. Over- and under-regulating hazardous wastes. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 19 (1999) 99-108
8. O'Bryan T.R., Ross R.H., and Chemical. Scoring and exposure identification. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 25 1 (1988) 119-134
9. Könemann H., and Visser R. Selection of chemicals with high hard potential Part I: WMS-scoring system. Chemosphere 17 10 (1988) 1905-1919
10. Klein W., Kördel W., Klein A.W., Kuhnen-Clausen D., and Weiß M. Systematic approach for environmental hazard ranking of new chemicals. Chemosphere 17 8 (1988) 1445-1462
11. Swanson M.R., and Socha A.C. Chemical Ranking and Scoring: Guidelines for Relative Assessments of Chemicals (1997), Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC), Pensacola, FL, USA
12. Davis G.A., Kincaid L., Swanson M., Schutz T., Bartmess J., Griffith B., and Jones S. Chemical Hazard Evaluation for Management Strategies: A Method for Ranking and Scoring Chemicals by Potential Human Health and Environmental Impacts, EPA/600/R-94/177 (1994), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
13. Höfer T., and Steinhäuser K.G. Use of health criteria for estimating the hazard potential of chemicals to water in case of a spill. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 31 (2000) 1-12
14. Snyder E.M., Snyder S.A., Giesy J.P., Blonde S.A., Hurlburt G.K., Summer C.L., Mitchell R.R., and Bush D.M. SCRAM: a scoring and ranking system for persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances for the North American Great Lakes. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 7 (2000) 51-61
15. Mitchell R.R., Summer C.L., Blonde S.A., Bush D.M., Hurlburt G.K., Snyder E.M., and Giesy J.P. SCRAM: a scoring and ranking system for persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances for the North American Great Lakes-resulting chemical scores and rankings. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. 8 (2002) 537-557
16. Christensen F. Pharmaceuticals in the environment-a human risk?. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 28 (1998) 212-221
17. Wilbur S.B., Hansen H., Pohl H., Colman J., and McClure P. Using the ATSDR guidance manual for the assessment of joint toxic action of chemical mixtures. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 18 (2004) 223-230
18. Musee N., Lorenzen L., and Aldrich C. An aggregate fuzzy hazardous index for composite wastes. J. Hazard. Mater. 137 2 (2006) 723-733
19. Talinli I., Yamantürk R., Aydin E., and Başakçi{dotless}lardan-Kabakçi{dotless} S. A rating system for determination of hazardous wastes. J. Hazard. Mater. 126 (2005) 23-30
20. Gupta J.P., and Suresh Babu B. A new hazardous waste index. J. Hazard. Mater. A67 (1999) 1-7
21. McCarty L.S., and Mackay D. Enhancing ecotoxicological modeling and assessment: body residues and modes of toxic action. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27 9 (1993) 1719-1728
22. Crebelli R. Threshold-mediated mechanisms in mutagenesis: implications in the classification and regulation of chemical mutagens. Mutat. Res. 464 (2000) 129-135
23. N. Musee, C. Aldrich, L. Lorenzen, New methodology for hazardous waste classification using fuzzy set theory Part II: Intelligent decision support system, J. Hazard. Mater., in press.
24. Davis G.A., Swanson M.B., and Jones S.L. Comparative Evaluation of Chemical Ranking and Scoring Methodologies (1994), University of Tennessee, Center for Clean Products and Clean Technologies, Knoxville, TN. For the U.S., EPA Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, EPA/3N/3545/NAEX, Washington, DC
25. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), Standard 325A, Fire hazard properties of flammable liquids, gases and volatile solids, Hazardous Chemicals Data, NFPA, Quincy, MA, 1994.
26. United States of America Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Orientation Manual, 1990 Edition, Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC, 1990.
27. H.P. Lees, Loss Prevention in the Process Industries: Hazard Identification, Assessment and Control, vol. 1, Butterworths, 1989.
28. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (AC-GIH), TLVs and BEIs, Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents, Biological Exposure Indices, Cincinnati, OH, 1996.
29. Schuhmacher-Wolz U., Konietzka R.R., and Schneider K.K. Using carcinogenic potency ranking to assign air contaminants to emission classes. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 36 3 (2002) 221-233
30. Hertwich E.G., Mateles S.F., Pease W.S., and McKones T.E. Human toxicity potentials for life-cycle assessment and toxics release inventory risk screening. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20 4 (2001) 928-939
31. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency US), Proposed guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment, EPA/600/P-92/003C, Washington, DC, U.S., 1996.
32. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer), IARC Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risks to humans: overall evaluations of carcinogenicity: an updating of IARC Monographs vols. 1-42, Suppl. 7, World Health Organization, Lyon, France, 1987.
33. Kümmerer K. Drugs in the environment: emission of drugs, diagnostic aids and disinfectants into wastewater by hospitals in relation to other sources-a review. Chemosphere 45 6/7 (2001) 957-969
34. Jones O.A.H., Voulvoulis N., and Lester J.N. Human pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment-a review. Environ. Technol. 22 12 (2001) 1383-1394
35. Webb S.F. A data based perspective on the environmental risk assessment of human pharmaceuticals II-aquatic risk characterization. In: K̈ummerer K. (Ed). Pharmaceuticals in the Environment. Sources, Fate, Effects and Risks (2001), Springer-Verlag, Berlin 319-343
36. Timmer M., Könemann H., and Visser R. Selection of chemicals with high hazard potential. Part 2. Application and results of the WMS-scoring system. Chemosphere 17 10 (1988) 1921-1934
37. Webb S.F. A data-based perspective on the environmental risk assessment of human pharmaceuticals I-collation of available ecotoxicity data. In: Kümmerer K. (Ed). Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Sources, Fate, Effects and Risks. 2nd ed. (2004), Springer, Berlin, Germany 317-343
38. Papasavva S., and Beltramo M.A. An index of the ecological impacts of water toxics emitted to freshwater ecosystems. Human Ecol. Risk Assess. 12 (2006) 476-492
39. GHS (Globally Harmonized System) of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, United Nations, New York and Geneva, ISBN 92-1-116840-6, 2003.
40. Silk J.C. Development of a globally harmonized system for hazard communication. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 206 (2003) 447-452
41. EEC Directive 93/67, Commission of the European Communities, Technical guidance document in support of commission directive 93/67/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances and commission regulation (EC) no. 1488/94 on risk assessment for existing substances. Part II: Environmental Risk Assessment, Luxembourg, 1996.
42. Gevao B., Jones K.C., Semple K.T., Graven A., and Burauel P. Nonextractable pesticide residues in soil. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 7 (2003) 138A-144A
43. Environmental Canada, Toxic substances management policy: persistence and bioaccumulation criteria. En 40-499/2-1995E, Final Report, Ottawa, ON, Canada, 1995.
44. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). Assessment Report: Arctic Pollution Issues; AMAP, Oslo, Norway, 1998.
45. Jensen J., Adare K., and Shearer R. Canadian Arctic Contaminants Assessment Report (1997), Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Ottawa, Canada
46. Wania F. Assessing the potential of persistent chemicals for long-range transport and accumulation in Polar Regions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 7 (2003) 1344-1351
47. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) on Persistent Organic Pollutants, Aarhus, Denmark, June 24, 1998.
48. North American Agreement for Environmental Cooperation: Commission for Environmental Cooperation, NAAEC-CEC. Process for identifying candidate substances for regional action under the sound management of chemicals initiative; Report to the North American working group on the sound management of chemicals by the task force on criteria; CEC: Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Draft, July 1997.
49. The Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy: Canada-United States Strategy for the virtual elimination of persistent toxic substances in the Great Lakes Basin. Level I and Level II targeted persistent toxic substances. Great Lakes National Program Office, Chicago, IL, April 7, 1997.
50. United States of America Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Proposed category for persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals. Fed. Regist. 63 192 (1998) 53417-53423
51. A.J. Wildey, H. Barnes, A.E. Girling, Persistence, Bioaccumulation potential and toxicity-PBT, Peter Fisk Associates, September, 2004; www.ecotoxchem.co.uk/contentimages/pdfs/PBT article PFA.pdf (accessed on 19.09.2006).
52. International Joint Commission (IJC). Report of the Virtual Elimination Task Force: A Strategy for the Virtual Elimination of Persistent Toxic Substances vol. 1 (1993), The International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ontaria, Canada
53. Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA), PTB [persistent, toxic, bioaccumulative] Policy Implementation Guidance, Product Risk Management Guidance for PTBs, CMA, Arlington, VA, February, 1996.
54. Veith G.D., DeFoe D.L., and Bergstedt B.V. Measuring and estimating bioconcentration factors of chemicals in fish. J. Fish. Res. Board Canada 36 (1979) 1040-1048
55. Rodan B.D., Pennington D.W., Eckley N., and Boethling R.S. Screening of persistent organic pollutants: techniques to provide a scientific basis for POPs criteria for international negotiations. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33 20 (1999) 3482-3488
56. Spacie A., McCarty L.S., and Rand G.M. Bioaccumulation and bioavailability in multiphase systems. In: Rand G.M. (Ed). Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicology. 2nd ed. (1995), Taylor Francis Publishers, Washington, DC 492-521
57. Smrchek J.C., and Zeeman M.G. Assessing risks to ecological systems from chemicals. In: Calow P. (Ed). Handbook of Environmental Risk Assessment and Management (1998), Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, UK 24-90
58. Zeeman M.G. Ecotoxicity testing and estimated methods developed under section 5 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). In: Rand G.M. (Ed). Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicology. 2nd ed. (1995), Taylor Francis Publishers, Washington, DC 703-715
59. Mackay D., McCarty L.S., and MacLeod M. On the validity of classifying chemicals for persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and potential for long-range transport. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20 (2001) 1491-1498
60. Swanson M.B., Davis G.S., Kincaid L.E., Schultz T.W., and Bartmess J.E. A screening method for ranking and scoring chemicals by potential human health and environmental impacts. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 16 (1997) 371-383
61. USEPA 2006. Inventory update rule, Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances; http://www.epa.gov/oppt/iur/ (accessed on 19.09.2006).
62. Muir D.C.G., and Howard P.H. Are there other persistent organic pollutants? A challenge for environmental chemists. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 23 (2006) 7157-7166
63. Granados A.J., and Peterson P.J. Hazardous waste indicators for national decision makers. J. Environ. Manag. 55 (1999) 249-263