The penguin waddling gait pattern has a more consistent step width than step length

Journal of Theoretical Biology

Volumn 252, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 272-276

  Kurz, Max J ^a   Scott Pandorf, Melissa ^a   Arellano, Chris ^a   Olsen, Diane ^b   Whitaker, Greg ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON   (United States)

^b Moody Gardens Aquarium   (United States)

Author keywords

Gait; Locomotion; Penguin; Stability; Variability

Indexed keywords

BIOMECHANICS; EVOLUTIONARILY STABLE STRATEGY; MOVEMENT; MUSCLE; NERVOUS SYSTEM; SEABIRD; WALKING;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BODY MOVEMENT; COMPUTER PROGRAM; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIGITAL COMPUTER; FALLING; GAIT; LOCOMOTION; NONHUMAN; PENGUIN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TERRESTRIAL SPECIES; VELOCITY;

ANIMALS; BIOMECHANICS; GAIT; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MUSCULOSKELETAL EQUILIBRIUM; SPHENISCIDAE; WALKING;

ANIMALIA; SPHENISCIDAE;

EID: 42749095456     PISSN: 00225193     EISSN: 10958541     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.01.012     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Alexander R. The gaits of tetrapods: adaptations for stability and economy. Zool. Soc. Lond. 48 (1991) 269-287
2. Alexander R. Animal Locomotion (2003), Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
3. Bauby C.E., and Kuo A.D. Active control of lateral balance in human walking. J. Biomech. 33 (2000) 1433-1440
4. Bilney B., Morris M., and Webster K. Concurrent related validity of the GAITRite walkway system for quantification of the spatial and temporal parameters of gait. Gait Posture 17 (2003) 68-74
5. Collins S., Wisse M., and Ruina A. A three-dimensional passive-dynamic walking robot with two legs and knees. Int. J. Robot. Res. 20 (2001) 607-615
6. Collins S., Ruina A., Tedrake R., and Wisse M. Efficient bipedal robots based on passive-dynamic walkers. Science 307 (2005) 1082-1085
7. Dean J.C., Alexander N.B., and Kuo A.D. The effect of lateral stabilization on walking in young and old adults. IEEE Trans Biomed. Eng. 54 (2007) 1919-1926
8. Dewasmes G., Le Maho Y., Cornet A., and Groscolas R. Resting metabolic rate and cost of locomotion in long-term fasting emperor penguins. J. Appl. Physiol. 49 (1980) 888-896
9. Donelan J.M., Shipman D.W., Kram R., and Kuo A.D. Mechanical and metabolic requirements for active lateral stabilization in human walking. J. Biomech. 37 (2004) 827-835
10. Full RJ K.T., Schmitt J., Holmes P., and Koditschek D. Quantifying dynamic stability and maneuverability in legged locomotion. Integr. Comp. Biol. 42 (2002) 149-157
11. Grabiner M.D., and Troy K.L. Attention demanding tasks during treadmill walking reduce step width variability in young adults. J. Neuroeng. Rehab. 2 (2005) 25
12. Griffin T.M., and Kram R. Penguin waddling is not wasteful. Nature 408 (2000) 929
13. Jayes AS A.R. The giats of chelonians: walking techniques for very low speeds. J. Zool., Lond. 191 (1980) 353-378
14. Koditschek D.E., Full R.J., and Buehler M. Mechanical aspects of legged locomotion control. Arthropod. Struct. Dev. 33 (2004) 251-272
15. Kuo A. Sabilization of lateral motion in passive dynamic walking. Int. J. Robot. Res. 18 (1999) 917-930
16. Li L., Haddad J.M., and Hamill J. Stability and variability may respond differently to changes in walking speed. Hum. Mov. Sci. 24 (2005) 257-267
17. McGeer T. Passive dynamic walking. Int. J. Robot. Res. 9 (1990) 62-82
18. Owings T.M., and Grabiner M.D. Step width variability, but not step length variability or step time variability, discriminates gait of healthy young and older adults during treadmill locomotion. J. Biomech. 37 (2004) 935-938
19. Pinshow B., Fedak M.A., Battles D.R., and Schmidt-Nielsen K. Energy expenditure for thermoregulation and locomotion in emperor penguins. Am. J. Physiol. 231 (1976) 903-912
20. Pinshow B., Fedak M.A., and Schmidt-Nielsen K. Terrestrial locomotion in penguins: it costs more to waddle. Science 195 (1977) 592-594
21. Tedrake R., Zhang T.W., Fong M., and Seung H.S. Actuating a simple 3D passive dynamic walker. Proc. IEE Int. Conf. Robot. Automat. 5 (2004) 4656-4661
22. Ting L.H., Blickhan R., and Full R.J. Dynamic and static stability in hexapedal runners. J. Exp. Biol. 197 (1994) 251-269
23. Winter D. The Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Gait: Normal, Elderly and Pathological (1991), University of Waterloo Press, Waterloo