The homonormalisation of white heterosexual leisure spaces in Bloemfontein, South Africa

Geoforum

Volumn 39, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 1347-1361

  Visser, Gustav ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE FREE STATE   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Bloemfontein; Gay; Heteronormativity; Homonormalisation; Men; Middle class; South Africa; White

Indexed keywords

HOMOSEXUALITY; MALE; PUBLIC SPACE; RECREATIONAL FACILITY;

AFRICA; BLOEMFONTEIN; FREE STATE; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

EID: 42649116111     PISSN: 00167185     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2007.11.004     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Bain A., and Nash C.J. Undressing the researcher: feminism, embodiment and sexuality at a queer bathhouse event. Area 38 1 (2006) 99-106
2. Bell D., and Binnie J. Authenticating queer space: citizenship, urbanism and governance. In: Collins A. (Ed). Cities of Pleasure: Sex and the Urban Socialscape (2006), London, Routledge 177-190
3. Bell D., Binnie J., Cream J., and Valentine G. All hyped up and no place to go. Gender Place and Culture 1 1 (1994) 31-47
4. Binnie J. Trading places: consumption, sexuality and the production of queer space. In: Bell D., and Valentine G. (Eds). Mapping Desire: Geographies of Sexualities (1995), Routledge, London 7-26
5. Binnie J., and Valentine G. Geographies of sexuality - a review of progress. Progress in Human Geography 23 2 (1999) 175-187
6. Blunt A., and Wills J. Dissident Geographies: An Introduction to Radical Ideas and Practices (2000), Prentice Hall, London
7. Bonfitto V. The formation of gay and lesbian identity and community in the Connecticut River Valley in Western Massachusetts, 1970-1990. Journal of Homosexuality 33 1 (1997) 69-96
8. In: Collins A. (Ed). Cities of Pleasure: Sex and the Urban Socioscape (2006), Routledge, London
9. Cox M. The long-haul out of the closet: the journey from smalltown to boystown. In: Clift S., Luongo M., and Callister C. (Eds). Gay Tourism: Culture, Identity and Sex (2002), Continuum, London 151-173
10. Dirsuweit, T., 2004. The problem of identities: the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex social movement in South Africa. Centre for Civil Society, Durban, University of KwaZulu-Natal.
11. Duggan L. The new heteronormativity: the sexual politics of neoliberalism. In: Castonovo R., and Nelson D. (Eds). Materializing Democracy: Towards a Revitalised Cultural Politics (2002), Duke University Press, Durham 175-194
12. Du Pisani K. Puritanism transformed: Afrikaner masculinities in the apartheid and post-apartheid period. In: Morrell R. (Ed). Changing Men in Southern Africa (2001), University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg 157-176
13. Elder G. Love for sale: marketing gay male leisure space in contemporary Cape Town, South Africa. In: Nelson L., and Seager J. (Eds). Companion to Feminist Geography (2005), Blackwell, Oxford 578-589
14. Forest B. West Hollywood as symbol: the significance of place in the construction of gay identity. Environment and Planning D 13 (1995) 133-157
15. In: Gevisser M., and Cameron E. (Eds). Defiant Desire: Gay and Lesbian Lives in South Africa (1993), Raven, Johannesburg
16. Godfrey B. Neighbourhoods in Transition: The Making of San Francisco's Nonconformist Communities (1988), University of California Press, Berkeley
17. Gorman-Murray A. Homesboys: use of home by gay Australian men. Social and Cultural Geography 7 1 (2006) 53-69
18. In: Greene B. (Ed). Ethnic and Cultural Diversity Among Lesbian and Gay Men: Psychological Perspectives on Lesbian and Gay Issues vol. 3 (1997), Sage, Thousand Oaks
19. Holt M., and Griffen C. Being gay, being straight, and being yourself: Local and global reflections on identity, authenticity and the lesbian and gay scene. European Journal of Cultural Studies 6 3 (2003) 404-425
20. Hoogendoorn, G., 2006a. Critical Perspectives on the (Re)development of Westdene, Bloemfontein. Unpublished MA thesis, Department of Geography, University of the Free State.
21. Hoogendoorn, G., 2006b. Interview, 13 June 2006.
22. Horn, A.C. and Buyisiwe-Ngcobo, J-R., 2003: The suburban challenge: (de)segregation, opportunity and community in Akasia, City of Tshwane, Urban Forum 14, 320-346.
23. Hughes H.L. Holidays and homosexual identity. Tourism Management 18 (1997) 3-7
24. Hughes H.L. Gay men's holidays: identity and inhibitors. In: Clift S., Luongo M., and Callister C. (Eds). Gay Tourism: Culture, Identity and Sex (2002), Continuum, London 174-190
25. Hughes H.L. Marketing gay tourism in Manchester: new market of urban tourism or destruction of "gay space"?. Journal of Vacation Marketing 9 2 (2003) 152-163
26. In: Jackson P., and Sullivan G. (Eds). Lady Boys, Tom Boys, Rent Boys: Male and Female Homosexualities in Contemporary Thailand (1999), Harrington Park, New York
27. Johnson C.W., and Samdahl D.M. "The night they took over": misogyny in a country-western gay bar. Leisure Sciences 27 4 (2005) 331-348
28. Kirby S., and Hay I. (Hetero) sexing space: gay men and "straight" space in Adelaide, South Australia. Professional Geographer 49 3 (1997) 295-305
29. Kirkey K., and Forsyth A. Men in the valley: gay male life on the suburban-rural fringe. Journal of Rural Studies 17 (2001) 421-441
30. Leap, B., 2002. Linguistic inventions of gay Cape Town. In: The 9th Annual American University Conference on Lavender Languages and Linguistics, 15-17 February 2002, Washington, DC.
31. Lim K.F. Where love dares (not) speak its name: the expression of homosexuality in Singapore. In: Collins A. (Ed). Cities of Please: Sex and the Urban Socialscape (2006), Routledge, London 129-158
32. Lind C. Importing law, politics and sexuality. In: Van Zyl M., and Steyn M. (Eds). Performing Queer: Shaping Sexualities 1994-2004 vol. 1 (2005), Kwela Books, Roggebaai 335-357
33. Link M. A case-study in contradictions: Hawaii and gay tourism. In: Clift S., Luongo M., and Callister C. (Eds). Gay Tourism: Culture, Identity and Sex (2002), Continuum, London 63-87
34. Lynch F. Non-ghetto gays: a sociological study of suburban homosexuals. Journal of Homosexuality 11 (1987) 83-95
35. Mort F. Cityspaces: consumption, masculinities and the mapping of London since 1950. Urban Studies 35 5/6 (1998) 889-907
36. Myslik W. Renegotiating the social/sexual identities of places: gay communities as safe havens or sites of resistance?. In: Duncan N. (Ed). Bodyspace (1996), Routledge, London 156-169
37. Oswin N. Researching 'gay Cape Town', finding value-added queerness. Social and Cultural Geography 6 4 (2005) 567-586
38. Pritchard A., Morgan N.J., Sedgley D., Khan E., and Jenkins A. Research out to the gay tourist: opportunities and threats in an emerging market segment. Tourism Management 19 3 (1998) 273-282
39. Pritchard A., Morgan N.J., Sedley D., Khan E., and Jenkins A. Sexuality and holiday choices: conversation with gay and lesbian tourists. Leisure Studies 19 (2000) 267-282
40. Puar J.K. Mapping US homonormativities, Gender. Place and Culture 13 1 (2006) 67-88
41. Richardson D. Locating sexualities: From here to normality. Sexualities 7 4 (2004) 391-411
42. Richardson D. Desiring sameness? The rise of a neoliberal politics of normalisation. Antipode (2005) 515-535
43. Richardson D. Heterosexuality and social theory. In: Richardson D. (Ed). Theorising Heterosexuality (1996), Open University Press, Buckingham 1-20
44. Rushbrook D. Cities, queer space, and the cosmopolitan tourist. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 8 1-2 (2002) 183-206
45. Sanders D. Some say Thailand is a gay paradise. In: Clift S., Luongo M., and Callister C. (Eds). Gay Tourism: Culture, Identity and Sex (2002), Continuum, London 42-62
46. Stuber M. Tourism marketing aimed at gay men and lesbians: a business perspective. In: Clift S., Luongo M., and Callister C. (Eds). Gay Tourism: Culture, Identity and Sex (2002), Continuum, London 88-124
47. Valentine G. Negotiating and managing multiple sexual identities: lesbian time-space strategies. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 18 (1993) 237-248
48. In: Van Zyl M., and Steyn M. (Eds). Performing Queer: Shaping Sexualities 1994-2004 (2005), Kwela Books, Roggebaai
49. Visser G. Gay tourism in South Africa: issues from the Cape Town experience. Urban Forum 13 (2002) 85-94
50. Visser G. Gay men, leisure space and South African cities: the case of Cape Town. Geoforum 34 (2003) 123-137
51. Visser G. Gay men, tourism and urban space: reflections on Africa's "gay capital". Tourism Geographies 5 2 (2003) 168-189
52. Visser G. Unvoiced and invisible: on the transparency of white South Africans in post-apartheid geographical discourse. Acta Academica Supplementum 1 (2003) 220-244
53. Visser G. "Homonormalising" heterosexual leisure spaces: the case of Bloemfontein, Research Report (2006), University of the Free State, Bloemfontein
54. Want P. Trouble in paradise: homophobia and resistance to gay tourism. In: Clift S., Luongo M., and Callister C. (Eds). Gay Tourism: Culture, Identity and Sex (2002), Continuum, London 191-213
55. Adam, 2006. 28 years old, Medical representative, Involved.
56. Alex, 2006: 27 years old, Graphic designer, Single.
57. AJ, 2006. 34 years old, Researcher, Involved.
58. Aquarian, 2006. 29 years old, Personnel manager, Single.
59. Blue, 2006. 35 years old, Interior designer, Single.
60. Candy, 2006. 26 years old, Graphic designer, Involved.
61. Dizzy, 2006. 36 years old, Hair stylist, Single.
62. Freek, 2006. 35 years old, Business owner, Single.
63. JC, 2006. 22 years old, Student, Involved.
64. Jacky, 2006. 36 years old, Events manager, Single.
65. John, 2006. 52 years old, Paediatrician, Involved.
66. Luka, 2006. 35 years old, Medical doctor, Involved.
67. Mac, 2006. 29 years old, Buyer, Involved.
68. Maggie, 2006, 22 years old, Student, Single.
69. N, 2006. 35 years old, Regional Sales Manager, Single.
70. Patsy, 2006. 26 years old, Lecturer, Involved.
71. Phoenix, 2006. 25 years old, Lecturer, Single.
72. Red, 2006. 36 years old, Business owner, Involved.
73. Ryan, 2006. 24 years old, Multi-media designer, Single.
74. Sarge, 2006. 34 years old, Futures trader, Single.
75. Schalk, 2006. 35 years old, Business owner, Single.
76. Snowy, 2006. 38 years old, Bank official, Single.
77. Thys, 2006. 26 years old, Lecturer, Single.
78. Veronica, 2006. 38 years old, Event manager, Single.
79. XYZ, 2006. 44 years old, Teacher, Involved.