Synthetic jet fuel production by combined propene oligomerization and aromatic alkylation over solid phosphoric acid

Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research

Volumn 47, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 1828-1834

  Sakuneka, Tebogo M ^a   De Klerk, Arno ^a   Nel, Reinier J J ^a   Pienaar, Andrew D ^a  

^a SASOL TECHNOLOGY PTY LTD   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIRCRAFT FUELS; ALKYLATION; AROMATIC COMPOUNDS; BENZENE; CARBON NANOTUBES; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; COMPUTER NETWORKS; FUELS; HYDROCARBONS; ISOMERS; JETS; MICROFLUIDICS; OLEFINS; OLIGOMERIZATION; PETROLEUM INDUSTRY; PHOSPHORIC ACID; PHOTOACOUSTIC EFFECT; PROPYLENE; RATE CONSTANTS; SPECIFICATIONS; STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL; TOLUENE; WELL STIMULATION;

(DIACETOXYIODO) BENZENE; ALKYL BENZENES; AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (ACS); AROMATICS (CO); ELECTRONIC EFFECTS; ISOMER DISTRIBUTIONS; JET A 1; MONO ALKYLATION; OLEFIN OLIGOMERIZATION; OPERATING CONDITIONS; PROPENE OLIGOMERIZATION; REACTION SYSTEMS; REMAINED CONSTANT; SOLID PHOSPHORIC ACID (SPA); STERIC EFFECTS; SYNTHETIC JETS; TRANSALKYLATION;

AROMATIZATION;

EID: 42649111730     PISSN: 08885885     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ie0710566     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Fischer-Tropsch technology; Steynberg, A. P., Dry, M. E., Eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2004.
2. Walther, M. Refinery sources will fill the future 'propylene gap'. Oil Gas J. 2003, 101 (4), 52.
3. De Klerk, A. Refining of Fischer-Tropsch syncrude: Is it more environmentally friendly than refining crude oil? Prepr. - Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem. 2006, 51 (2), 704.
4. Marriott, J. N. Sasol process technology - the challenge of synfuels from coal. ChemSA 1986, 12, 174.
5. Terblanche, K. The Mossgas challenge. Hydrocarbon Eng. 1997, (Mar.-Apr.), 2.
6. Forest, C. A.; Muzzell, P. A. Fischer-Tropch Fuels: Why are they of interest to the United Stated Military? SAE Tech. Pap. Ser. 2005, No. 01-1807.
7. Lamprecht, D. Fischer-Tropsch fuel for use by the U.S. military as battlefield-use fuel of the future. Energy Fuels 2007, 21, 1448.
8. Lamprecht, D.; Roets, P. P. N. J. Sasol Slurry Phase Distillate™ semi-synthetic aviation turbine fuel. Prepr. - Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Pet. Chem. 2004, 49 (4), 426.
9. Tabak, S. A.; Krambeck, F. J.; Garwood, W. E. Conversion of propylene and butylene over ZSM-5 catalyst. AIChE. J. 1986, 32, 1526.
10. Harandi, M. N.; Owen, H. Benzene upgrading reformer integration. U.S. Patent 4,950,823, Aug 21, 1990.
11. Degnan, T. F., Jr.; Smith, C. M.; Venkat, C. R. Alkylation of aromatics with ethylene and propylene: recent developments in commercial processes. Appl. Catal., A 2001, 227, 283.
12. Perego, C.; Ingallina, P. Recent advances in the industrial alkylation of aromatics: new catalysts and new processes. Catal. Today 2002, 73, 3.
13. Schmidt, R. J. Industrial catalytic processes - phenol production. Appl. Catal., A 2005, 280, 89.
14. De Klerk, A. Distillate production by oligomerization of Fischer-Tropsch olefins over Solid Phosphoric Acid. Energy Fuels 2006, 20, 439.
15. Jones, E. K. Cumene and tetramer production. Pet. Refin. 1954, 33 (12), 186.
16. Cowley, M.; De Klerk, A.; Nel, R. J. J.; Rademan, J. D. Alkylation of Benzene with 1-Pentene over Solid Phosphoric Acid. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2006, 45, 7399.
17. Dietz, W. A. Response factors for gas chromatographic analyses. J. Gas Chromatogr. 1967, 5, 68.
18. Cesar, M. A.; Chou, G. SRI Process Economics Program, Report 219: Cumene; SRI: Menlo Park, CA, 1999.
19. March, J. Advanced organic chemistry, 3rd ed.; Wiley: New York, 1985; pp 16-18.
20. Deeter, W. F. Propylene polymerization for motor-gasoline production. Oil Gas J. 1950, 48 (46), 252.
21. Zhirong, Z.; Zaiku, X.; Yongfu, C.; Refeng, W.; Yaping, Y. React. Kinet. Catal. Lett. 2000, 70, 379.
22. Krawietz, T. R; Lin, P.; Lotherhos, K. E.; Torres, P. D.; Barich, D. H; Clearfield, A.; Haw, J. F. Solid Phosphoric Acid Catalyst: A Multinuclear NMR and Theoretical Study. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8503.
23. Siffert, S.; Gaillard, L.; Su, B.-L. Alkylation of benzene by propene on a series of Beta zeolites: towards a better understanding of the mechanism. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2000, 153, 267.
24. 4 over ZSM-5 or β-zeolite: Effect of the zeolite pore openings and of the hydrocarbons involved on the mechanism of alkylation. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 1517.
25. Corma, A.; Martínez-Soria, V.; Schnoeveld, E. Alkylation of benzene with short-chain olefins over MCM-22 zeolite: Catalytic behaviour and kinetic mechanism. J. Catal. 2000, 192, 163.
26. Cavani, F.; Girotti, G.; Terzoni, G. Effect of water in the performance of the solid phosphoric acid catalyst for alkylation of benzene to cumene and for oligomerization of propene. Appl. Catal., A 1993, 97, 177.
27. Nel, R. J. J.; De Klerk, A. Selectivity differences of hexene isomers in the alkylation of benzene over solid phosphoric acid. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2007, 46, 2902.
28. Kaeding, W. W.; Holland, R. E. Shape selective reactions with zeolite catalysts: Alkylation of benzene with propylene to produce cumene. J. Catal. 1988, 109, 212.
29. Panming, J.; Qiuying, W.; Chao, Z.; Yanhe, X. Alkylation of benzene with propene to produce Cumene over a nickel/γ-alumina catalyst. Appl. Catal., A 1992, 91, 125.
30. Čejka, J.; Wichterlová, A. Acid-catalysed synthesis of mono- and dialkyl benzenes over zeolites: active sites, zeolite topology, and reaction mechanisms. Catal. Rev.Sci. Eng. 2002, 44, 375.
31. Moses, C. A.; Stavinoha, L. L.; Roets, P. Qualification of Sasol semi-synthetic Jet A-I as commercial jet fuel; Southwest Research Institute Report SwRI-8531, 1997.
32. ASTM DS 4B. Physical constants of hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbon compounds, 2nd ed.; ASTM: Philidelphia, PA, 1991.
33. Buelna, G.; Nenoff, T. M. A one-step catalytic separation process for the production of cumene. Catal. Lett. 2005, 102, 285.
34. Coetzee, J. H.; Mashapa, T. N.; Prinsloo, N. M.; Rademan, J. D. An improved solid phosphoric acid catalyst for alkene oligomerization in a Fischer-Tropsch refinery. Appl. Catal., A 2006, 308, 204.
35. Prinsloo, N. M. Preparation of a solid phosphoric acid catalyst from low-quality kieselguhr - parameters controlling catalyst quality and performance. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2007, 46, 7838.
36. Mikulicz, M. Z.; Burton, V. P. Process for motor fuel production by olefin polymerization. U.S. Patent 4,137,274, Jan 30, 1979.