Olympic sports and transsexuals

Asian Journal of Andrology

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 427-432

  Gooren, Louis J ^a  

^a VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Gender; Muscle; Sex difference; Sports; Testosterone

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN; ANTIANDROGEN; CYPROTERONE ACETATE; ESTROGEN; FINASTERIDE; GONADORELIN AGONIST; GONADORELIN ANTAGONIST; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; TESTOSTERONE; TESTOSTERONE ESTER; TESTOSTERONE UNDECANOATE;

BONE DENSITY; BONE MASS; FEMALE TO MALE TRANSSEXUAL; GENDER DYSPHORIA; GENDER IDENTITY; GONADECTOMY; HEMOGLOBIN BLOOD LEVEL; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; MALE TO FEMALE TRANSSEXUAL; MUSCLE MASS; MUSCLE STRENGTH; OVARIECTOMY; PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT; REVIEW; SEX DIFFERENTIATION DISORDER; SEX TRANSFORMATION; SEXUAL MATURATION; SPORTING EVENT; TESTOSTERONE BLOOD LEVEL; TRANSSEXUALISM;

FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; SPORTS; TESTOSTERONE; TRANSSEXUALISM;

EID: 42549148990     PISSN: 1008682X     EISSN: 17457262     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2008.00378.x     Document Type: Review

References (23)

1. van der Sluis IM, de Ridder MA, Boot AM, Krenning EP, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SM. Reference data for bone density and body composition measured with dual energy x ray absorptiometry in white children and young adults. Arch Dis Child 2002; 87: 341-7.
2. Mauras N, Hayes V, Welch S, Rini A, Helgeson K, Dokler M, et al. Testosterone deficiency in young men: Marked alterations in whole body protein kinetics, strength, and adiposity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 1886-92.
3. Storer TW, Magliano L, Woodhouse L, Lee ML, Dzekov C, Dzekov J, et al. Testosterone dose-dependently increases maximal voluntary strength and leg power, but does not affect fatiga-bility or specific tension. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 1478-85.
4. Ferguson-Smith MA. Gender verification and the place of XY females in sports. In: Harries M, Williams C, Stannish WD, Micheti LJ, editors. Oxford Textbook of Sports Medicine. Oxford: Oxford Medical Press; 1998. p 355-65.
5. Bhasin S, Woodhouse L, Casaburi R, Singh AB, Bhasin D, Berman N, et al. Testosterone dose-response relationships in healthy young men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2001; 281: E1172-81.
6. Woodhouse LJ, Reisz-Porszasz S, Javanbakht M, Storer TW, Lee M, Zerounian H, et al. Development of models to predict anabolic response to testosterone administration in healthy young men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2003; 284: E1009-17.
7. Lee PA, Houk CP, Ahmed SF, Hughes IA. Consensus statement on management of intersex disorders. Pediatrics 2006; 118: E488-500.
8. Meyer-Bahlburg HF. Gender assignment and reassignment in intersexuality: controversies, data, and guidelines for research. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. Adv Exp Med Biol 2002; 511: 199-223.
9. Hiort O, Thyen U, Holterhus PM. The basis of gender assignment in disorders of somatosexual differentiation. Horm Res 2005; 64 Suppl 2: 18-22.
10. Bentvelsen FM, Brinkmann AO, van der Schoot P, van der Linden JE, van der Kwast TH, Boersma WJ, et al. Developmental pattern and regulation by androgens of androgen receptor expression in the urogenital tract of the rat. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1995; 113: 245-53.
11. Levy A, Crown A, Reid R. Endocrine intervention for transsexuals. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003; 59: 409-18.
12. Moore E, Wisniewski A, Dobs A. Endocrine treatment of transsexual people: A review of treatment regimens, outcomes, and adverse effects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 3467-73.
13. Gooren L. Hormone treatment of the adult transsexual patient. Horm Res 2005; 64 Suppl 2: 31-6.
14. Dittrich R, Binder H, Cupisti S, Hoffmann I, Beckmann MW, Mueller A. Endocrine treatment of male-to-female transsexuals using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2005; 113: 586-92.
15. Mueller A, Kiesewetter F, Binder H, Beckmann MW, Dittrich R. Long-term administration of testosterone undecanoate every 3 months for testosterone supplementation in female-to-male transsexuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 3470-5.
16. Jacobeit JW, Gooren LJ, Schulte HM. Long-acting intramuscular testosterone undecanoate for treatment of female-to-male transgender individuals. J Sex Med 2007; 4: 1479-84.
17. Behre HM, Wang C, Handelsman DJ, Nieschlag E. Pharmacology of testosterone preparations. In: Nieschlag E, Behre HM, editors. Testosterone: Action, Deficiency, Substitution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2004. p 405-44.
18. van Kesteren P, Lips P, Deville W, Popp-Snijders C, Asscheman H, Megens J, et al. The effect of one-year cross-sex hormonal treatment on bone metabolism and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 in transsexuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 2227-32.
19. Elbers JM, Asscheman H, Seidell JC, Megens JA, Gooren LJ. Long-term testosterone administration increases visceral fat in female to male transsexuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 2044-7.
20. Gooren LJ, Bunck MC. Transsexuals and competitive sports. Eur J Endocrinol 2004; 151: 425-9.
21. Delemarre-van de Waal HA, Cohen-Kettenis PT. Clinical management of gender identity disorder in adolescents: A protocol on psychological and paediatric endocrinology aspects. Eur J Endocrinol 2006; 155 Suppl 1: S131-7.
22. Ljungqvist A, Genel M. Essay: Transsexual athletes-when is competition fair? Lancet 2005; 366 Suppl 1: S42-3.
23. Reeser JC. Gender identity and sport: Is the playing field level? Br J Sports Med 2005; 39: 695-9.