Tourism in nepal: Shangri-La’s troubled times

Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing

Volumn 15, Issue 2-3, 2004, Pages 117-138

  Thapa, Brijesh ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

Growth; Nepal international arrivals; Political instability; Terrorism

Indexed keywords

EID: 85010344253     PISSN: 10548408     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J073v15n02_07     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Adams, K. (2001). Danger-zone tourism: Prospects and problems for tourism in tumultuous times. In P. Teo, T. Chang, and K. Ho (Eds.), Interconnected Worlds: Tourism in Southeast Asia (pp. 265-281). London: Pergamon.
2. Anson, C. (1999). Planning for peace: The role of tourism in the aftermath of violence. Journal of Travel Research, 38(1): 57-61.
3. Aziz, H. (1995). Understanding attacks on tourists in Egypt. Tourism Management, 16: 91-95.
4. Banskota, K., and Sharma, B. (1993). Performance of the tourism sector. Kathmandu: ICIMOD.
5. Buckley, P., and Klemm, M. (1993). The decline of tourism in Northern Ireland: The causes. Tourism Management, 14: 184-194.
6. Carter, S. (1998). Tourists and traveler’s social construction of Africa and Asia as risky locations. Tourism Management, 19: 349-358.
7. Chand, D. (2000). Nepal Tourism: Uncensored Facts. Kathmandu: Pilgrims.
8. Clements, M., and Georgiou, A. (1998). The impact of political instability on a fragile tourism product. Tourism Management, 19: 283-288.
9. Emergency to be prolonged for three months. (2002). Retrieved on May 24, 2002
10. Enders, W., and Sandler, T. (1991). Causality between transnational terrorism and tourism: The case of Spain. Terrorism, 14: 49-58.
11. Gartner, W., andShen, J. (1992). The impact of Tiananmen Square on China’s tourism image. Journal of Travel Research, 30(4): 47-52.
12. Goeldner, C., Ritchie, B., and McIntosh, R. (2000). Tourism: principles, practices and philosophies (8th edition). New York: John Wiley and Sons.
13. Government decides to declare state of emergency. (2001). Retrieved on November 26, 2001
14. Hall, C., and O’Sullivan V. (1996). Tourism, political stability and violence. In A. Pizam and Y. Mansfeld (Eds.), Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues (pp. 105-121). New York: Wiley.
15. Ioannides, D., and Apostolopoulos, Y. (1999). Political instability, war and tourism in Cyprus: Effects, management and prospects for recovery. Journal of Travel Research, 38(1): 51-56.
16. Kantipuronline. (2002). King Gyanendra assumes executive powers. Retrieved on October 4, 2002
17. Lea, J. (1996). Tourism, realpolitik and development in the South Pacific. In A. Pizam and Y. Mansfeld (Eds.), Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues (pp. 123-142). New York: Wiley.
18. Leslie, D. (1999). Terrorism and tourism: The Northern Ireland situation-A look behind the veil of certainty. Journal of Travel Research, 38(1): 37-40.
19. Mansfeld, Y. (1999). Cycles of war, terror, and peace: Determinants and management of crisis and recovery of the Israeli tourism industry. Journal of Travel Research, 38(1): 30-36.
20. Mansfeld, Y. (1996). Wars, tourism and the “Middle East” factor. In A. Pizam and Y. Mansfeld (Eds.), Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues (pp. 265-278). New York: Wiley.
21. Mansfeld, Y., and Kliot, N. (1996). The tourism industry in the partitioned island of Cyprus. In A. Pizam and Y. Mansfeld (Eds.), Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues (pp. 187-202). New York.
22. Mihalic, T. (1996). Tourism and warfare: The case of Slovenia. In A. Pizam and Y. Mansfeld (Eds.), Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues (pp. 231-246). New York: Wiley.
23. Mikesell, S. (2001). The Maoist movement and the threat to democracy in Nepal. Himalayan Research Bulletin, 21(1): 17-21.
24. Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation. (2001). Summary of Tourism Statistics for 2001. Kathmandu: His Majesty’s Government of Nepal, Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation.
25. Nepal a must see destination. (2002). Retrieved on August 3, 2002
26. Nepal Tourism Board. (2001a). National ecotourism strategy and marketing programme of Nepal. Kathmandu: NTB.
27. Nepal Tourism Board. (2001b). Press-Release on Emergency Declaration. Retrieved on November 27, 2001
28. Nepal Tourism Board. (2002a). Monthly Newsletter. Unpublished Document. Kathmandu: NTB.
29. Nepal Tourism Board. (2002b). Nepal wins Observer Travel Award 2002. Retrieved on, May 29, 2002
30. Nepal Tourism Board. (2002c). Destination Nepal Campaign 2002-2003. Retrieved on, January 29, 2002
31. Pitts, W. (1996). Uprising in Chiapas, Mexico: Zapata lives-Tourism falters. In A. Pizam and Y. Mansfeld (Eds.), Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues (pp. 215-227). New York: Wiley.
32. Pizam, A., Tarlow, P., and Bloom, J. (1997). Making tourists feel safe: Whose responsibility is it? Journal of Travel Research, 36(3): 23-28.
33. Power, S. (2001). Bystanders to genocide. Why the U.S. let the Rwandan tragedy happen. Retrieved on July 30, 2002
34. Richter, L. (1999). After political turmoil: The lessons of rebuilding tourism in three Asian countries. Journal of Travel Research, 38(1): 41-45.
35. Richter, L. (1992). Political instability and tourism in the third world. In D. Harrison (Ed.), Tourism and the Less Developed Countries (pp. 35-46). New York: Wiley.
36. Richter, L., and Waugh, W. (1986). Terrorism and tourism as logical companions. Tourism Management, 7: 230-238.
37. Schwartz, D. (1991). Travelers under fire: Tourists in the Tibetan uprising. Annals of Tourism Research, 18(4): 588-604.
38. Sharpley, R., and Sharpley, J. (1995). Travel Advice: Security or Politics? In Proceedings of the First Global Research and Travel Trade Conference on Security and Risks in Travel and Tourism (pp. 168-182). Held at Mid Sweden University, Ostersund, Sweden (June 1995).
39. Soemodinoto, A., Wong, P., and Saleh, M. (2001). Effect of prolonged political unrest on tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 28, 1056-1060.
40. Sonmez, S., Apostolopoulos, Y., and Tarlow, P. (1999). Tourism in crisis: Managing the effects of terrorism. Journal of Travel Research, 38(1): 13-18.
41. Sonmez, S. (1998). Tourism, terrorism, and political instability. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(2): 416-456.
42. Teye, V. (1986). Liberation wars and tourism development in Africa: The case ofZam- bia. Annals of Tourism Research, 13(4): 589-608.
43. U.S. Department of State. (2002). Nepal Public Announcement. Retrieved on November 22, 2002
44. U.S. warns of Maoists attacks upon its citizens. (2002). Retrieved on May 17, 2002
45. Wahab, S. (1996). Tourism and terrorism: Synthesis of the problem with emphasis on Egypt. In A. Pizam and Y. Mansfeld (Eds.), Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues (pp. 175-186). New York: Wiley.
46. Wahab, S. (1995). Tourism: A challenge to tourism. In Proceedings of the First Global Research and Travel Trade Conference on Security and Risks in Travel and Tourism (pp. 84-108). Held at Mid Sweden University, Ostersund, Sweden (June 1995).
47. Wall, G. (1996). Terrorism and Tourism: An Overview and an Irish Example. In A. Pizam and Y. Mansfeld (Eds.), Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues (pp. 143-158). New York: Wiley.
48. World Tourism Organization (2002). Tourism proves as a resilient and stable economic sector. Retrieved on June 28, 2002
49. security men perish in fierce Maoist attacks. (2002). Retrieved on November 15, 2002 7,073
50. Nepalis killed during insurgency. (2002). Retrieved on October 31, 2002 from the World Wide Web: www.nepalnews.com