Analysis of chlorothalonil and three degradates in sediment and soil

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Volumn 56, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 2310-2314

  Hladik, Michelle L ^a   Kuivila, Kathryn M ^a  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

Analytical method; Chlorothalonil; Degradates; GC MS; Sediment; Soil

Indexed keywords

ACETONE; CHLOROTHALONIL; NITRILE;

ARTICLE; MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY; REPRODUCIBILITY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SOIL; ULTRASOUND;

ACETONE; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; NITRILES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SOIL; SONICATION;

ARACHIS HYPOGAEA;

EID: 42449160257     PISSN: 00218561     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jf703695s     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. USEPA Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED): Chlorothalonil, 1999. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, p 320.
2. Kiely, T.; Donaldson, D.; Grube, A. Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage: 2000 and 2001 Market Estimates, U.S. EPA, 2004.
3. Caux, P.-Y.; Kent, R. A.; Fan, G. T.; Stephenson, G. L. Environmental fate and effects of chlorothalonil: A Canadian perspective. Crit. Rev. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1996, 26, 45-93.
4. Davies, P. E.; White, R. W. G. The toxicology and metabolism of chlorothalonil in fish. I. Lethal levels for Salmo gairdneri, Galaxis maculatus, G. truttaceus, G. auratus and the fate of 14C TCIN gairdneri. Aquat. Toxicol. 1985, 7, 93-105.
5. Tomlin, C. D. S. The Pesticide Manual; British Crop Protection Council: Surrey, U.K., 1997.
6. Davies, P. E. Disappearance rates of chlorothalonil (TCIN) in the aquatic environment. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1988, 40, 405-409.
7. Rouchaud, J.; Roucourt, P.; Vanachter, A.; Benoit, F.; Ceustermans, N. Hydrolytic biodegradation of chlorothalonil in the soil and in cabbage crops. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 1988, 17, 59-68.
8. Motonaga, K.; Takagi, K.; Matumoto, S. Suppression of chlorothalonil degradation in soil after repeated application. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1998, 17, 1469-1472.
9. Potter, T. L.; Wauchope, R. D.; Culbreath, A. K. Accumulation and decay of chlorothalonil and selected metabolites in surface soil following foliar application to peanuts. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 2634-2639.
10. Szalkowski, M. B.; Stallard, D. E. Effect of pH on the hydrolysis of chlorothalonil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1976, 25, 208-210.
11. Kwon, J.-W.; Armbrust, K. L. Degradation of chlorothalonil in the irradiated water/sediment systems. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 3651-3657.
12. van der Pas, L. J. T.; Matser, A. M.; Boesten, J.; Leistra, M. Behaviour of metamitron and hydroxy-chlorothalonil in low-humic sandy soils. Pestic. Sci. 1999, 55, 923-934.
13. Gamble, D. S.; Lindsay, E.; Bruccoleri, A. G.; Langford, C. H. Chlorothalonil and its 4-hydroxy derivative in simple quartz sand soils: a comparison of sorption processes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 2375-2380.
14. Putnam, R. A.; Nelson, J. O.; Clark, J. M. The persistence and degradation of chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos in a cranberry bog. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 51, 170-176.
15. van Doorn, C.; Vink, M.; van der Poll, J. M. Gas-chromatographic determination of chlorothalonil and its metabolite 4-hydroxy-2,5,6- trichloroisophtalonitrile (HTI) in water. Chromatographia 1995, 40, 458-462.
16. Zhang, L. Z.; Akhtar, M. H.; Khan, S. U. Reaction of diazomethane with chlorothalonil. Chemosphere 1983, 12, 951-954.
17. Keith, L. H., Ed. Environmental Sampling and Analysis: A Practical Guide; Lewis Publishers: Boca Raton, FL, 1991.
18. Scribner, E. A.; Orlando, J. L.; Battaglin, W. A.; Sandstrom, M. W.; Kuivila, K. M.; Meyer, M. T. Results of Analyses of the Fungicide Chlorothalonil, Its Degradation Products, and Other Selected Pesticides at 22 Surface-Water Sites in Five Southern States, 2003.04, 2006., U.S Geological Survey, Open-File Report 2006-1207. p 59.