Maternal amalgam dental fillings as the source of mercury exposure in developing fetus and newborn

Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 326-331

  Palkovicova, Lubica ^a   Ursinyova, Monika ^a   Masanova, Vlasta ^a   Yu, Zhiwei ^b   Hertz Picciotto, Irva ^b  

^a SLOVAK MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Slovakia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Amalgam; Cord blood; Dental fillings; Mercury; Prenatal exposure

Indexed keywords

DENTAL ALLOY; MERCURY;

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; BLOOD ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DELIVERY; FEMALE; FETUS; FETUS DEVELOPMENT; HUMAN; MATERNAL AGE; MATERNAL BLOOD; MOTHER FETUS RELATIONSHIP; NERVE CELL DIFFERENTIATION; NEWBORN; PERINATAL DEVELOPMENT; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; QUESTIONNAIRE; TOOTH FILLING; UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD;

CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; DENTAL AMALGAM; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MATERNAL EXPOSURE; MATERNAL-FETAL EXCHANGE; MERCURY; PREGNANCY; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 42349104912     PISSN: 15590631     EISSN: 1559064X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.jes.7500606     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile of Mercury 1999: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp46.html.
2. Ask K., Åkesson A., Berglund M., and Vahter M. Inorganic mercury and methylmercury in placentas of Swedish women. Environ Health Perspect 2002: 110: 523-526.
3. Bates M.N., Fawcett J., Garrett J., Cutress T., and Kjellstrom T. Health effects of dental amalgam exposure: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2004: 33: 894-902.
4. Bearer C.F. The special and unique vulnerability of children to environmental hazards. Neurotoxicology 2000: 21: 925-934.
5. Bjerregaard P., and Hansen J.C. Organochlorines and heavy metals in pregnant women from the Disko Bay area in Greenland. Sci Total Environ 2000: 245: 195-202.
6. Bjornberg K.A. Mercury exposure during early human development. Thesis, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 2005, 55pp.
7. Bjornberg K.A., Vahter M., Berglund B., Niklasson B., Blennow M., and Sandborgh-Englund G. Transport ofmethylmercury and inorganic mercury to the fetus and breast-fed infant. Environ Health Perspect 2005: 113: 1381-1385.
8. Bjornberg K.A., Vahter M., Petersson-Grawe K., Glynn A., Cnattingius S., Darnerud P.O., et al. Methyl mercury and inorganic mercury in Swedish pregnant women and in cord blood: influence of fish consumption. Environ Health Perspect 2003: 111: 637-641.
9. Clarkson T.W. The three modern faces of mercury. Environ Health Perspect 2002: 110: 11-23.
10. Counter S.A., and Buchanan L.H. Mercury exposure in children: a review. Toxicol Appl Pharm 2004: 198: 209-230.
11. Debes D., Budtz-Jorgensen E.B., Weihe P., White R.F., and Grandjean P. Impact of prenatal methylmercury exposure on neurobehavioral function at age 14 years. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2006: 28(3): 363-375.
12. DeRouen T.A., Martin M.D., Leroux B.G., Townes B.D., Woods J.S., Leitao J., Castro-Caldas A., Luis H., Bernardo M., Rosenbaum G., and Martins I.P. Neurobehavioral effects of dental amalgam in children: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2006: 295: 1784-1792.
13. Dodes J.E. The amalgam controversy: an evidence-based analysis. J Am Dent Assoc 2001: 132: 348-356.
14. Drasch G., Schupp I., Hofl H., Reinke R., and Roider G. Mercury burden of human fetal and infant tissues. Eur J Pediatr 1994: 153: 607-610.
15. Drexler H., and Schaller K.-H. The mercury concentration in breast milk resulting from amalgam fillings and dietary habits. Environ Res (Section A) 1998: 77: 124-129.
16. 0: new distinctions between recent exposure and Hg body burden. FASEB J 1998: 12: 971-980.
17. Factor-Litvak P., Hasselgren G., Jacobs D., Begg M., Kline J., Geier J., et al. Mercury derived from dental amalgams and neuropsychologic function. Environ Health Perspect 2003: 111: 719-723.
18. Hertz-Picciotto I., Trnovec T., Kocan T., Charles M.J., Ciznar P., Lange P., et al. PCBs and early childhood development in Slovakia: study design and background. Fresenius Environ Bull 2003: 12: 208-214.
19. Hujoel P.P., Lydon-Rochelle M., Bollen A.M., Woods J.S., Geurtsen W., and del Aguila M.A. Mercury exposure from dental filling placement during pregnancy and low birth weight risk. Am J Epidemiol 2005: 161: 734-740.
20. Kingman A., Albers J.W., Arezzo J.C., Garabrant D.H., and Michalek J.E. Amalgam exposure and neurological function. Neurotoxicology 2005: 26: 241-255.
21. Koupilova I., Epstein H., Holcik J., Hajioff S., and McKee M. Health needs of the Roma population in the Czech and Slovak Republics. Soc Sci Med 2001: 53: 1191-1204.
22. Loftenius A., Englund G.S., and Ekstrand J. Acute exposure to mercury from amalgam: no short-time effect on the peripheral blood lymphocytes in healthy individuals. J Toxico Environ Health (Part A) 1998: 54: 547-560.
23. Lorscheider F.L., Vimy M.J., and Summers A.O. Mercury exposure from "silver" tooth fillings: emerging evidence questions a traditional dental paradigm. FASEB J 1995: 9: 504-508.
24. Mason H.J., Hindell P., and Williams N.R. Biological monitoring and exposure to mercury. Occup Med 2001: 51: 2-11.
25. Pizzichini M., Fonzi M., Giannerini F., Mencarelli M., Gasparoni A., Rocchi G., et al. Influence of amalgam fillings on Hg levels and total antioxidant activity in plasma of healthy donors. Sci Total Environ 2003: 301: 43-50.
26. Pleva J. Dental mercury - a public health hazard. Rev Environ Health 1994: 10: 1-27.
27. Ramirez G.B., Cruz C.V., Pagulayan O., Ostrea E., and Dalisay C. The Tagum Study I: Analysis and clinical correlates of mercury in maternal and cord blood, breast milk, meconium, and infant's hair. Pediatrics 2000: 106: 774-781.
28. Saxe S.R., Snowdon D.A., Wekstein M.W., Henry R.G., Rant F.T., Donegan S.J., et al. Dental amalgam and cognitive function in older women: findings from the nun study. J Am Dent Assoc 1995: 126: 1495-1501.
29. Takahashi Y., Tsuruta S., Arimoto M., Tanaka H., and Yoshida M. Placental transfer of mercury in pregnant rats which received dental amalgam restorations. Toxicology 2003: 186: 23-33.
30. Takahashi Y., Tsuruta S., Hasegawa J., Kameyama Y., and Yoshida M. Release of mercury from dental amalgam fillings in pregnant rats and distribution of mercury in maternal and fetal tissues. Toxicology 2001: 163: 115-126.
31. Ursinyova M., and Masanova V. Cadmium, lead and mercury in human milk from Slovakia. Food Addit Contam 2005: 22: 579-589.
32. Vahter M., Akesson A., Lind B., Bjors U., Schutz A., and Berglund M. Longitudinal study of methylmercury and inorganic mercury in blood and urine of pregnant and lactating women, as well as in umbilical cord blood. Environ Res 2000: 84: 186-194.
33. Vimy M.J., Takahashi Y., and Lorscheider F.L. Maternal-fetal distribution of mercury (203Hg) released from dental amalgam fillings. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 1990: 258: 939-945.
34. Walker J.B., Houseman J., Seddon L., McMullen E., Tofflemire K., Mills C., et al. Maternal and umbilical cord blood levels of mercury, lead, cadmium, and essential trace elements in Arctic Canada. Environ Res 2006: 100: 295-318.
35. Weiner J.A., and Nylander M. The relationship between mercury concentration in human organs and different predictor variables. Sci Total Environ 1993: 138: 101-115.
36. WHO. Mercury, In: Air Quality Guidelines. 2nd edn., Chapter 6.9. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2000.
37. WHO. Inorganic Mercury. Environmental Health Criteria 118. International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS) 1991, World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland.